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    电大经济数学基础期末复习资料小抄.doc

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    电大经济数学基础期末复习资料小抄.doc

    专业好文档经济数学基础2013年1月期末考试复习资料(共四部分,77题)第一部分单项选择(15题)、填空(210题).(每小题3分,共52题考10题)第1、6小题试题知识点范围 第一编微分学第1章函数(重点考试类型四个,共9题)类型一:利用函数三要素判断两个函数相等函数的两要素:1、定义域:使函数(解析式)有意义的自变量 的范围2、对应关系:1.下列各函数对中,(D )中的两个函数相等.A. B. C. D. 1解答:D. 三角恒等式所以选D类型二:利用三种基本形式求函数的定义域及间断点的判定三种基本形式( )2、函数的定义域是(A ) A.(-2,4) B. C. D. 2解答. 根据定义域的基本类型: (-2,4) 选A3.函数的定义域是3.解答: 即 4、函数的间断点是。 4解答: 间断点是 类型三:求函数值的两种方法1、已知求 (代入法)5.设,则=(C)A. B. C. D. 5解答. 选C6.生产某产品的成本函数为,则当产量单位时,该产品的平均成本为 3.6 .6解答: 2、已知求(变量替换法)7.若函数,则7解答:令 类型四:应用求的值判断函数的奇偶性及奇偶函数的几何性质 8.下列函数中为偶函数的是(A) A. B. C. D. 8解答. 对答案A判断 选A9.设,则函数的图形关于 y轴对称。9解答: =是偶函数,偶函数关于轴对称。第2、7小题试题知识点范围 第一编微分学第2章极限与导数微分(重点考试类型七个,共14题)类型一:利用极限的运算性质、重要极限公式和无穷小量与有界量的关系求极限1、和、差、积、商的极限等于极限的和、差、积、商 2、 3、无穷小量与有界量的乘积仍是无穷小量 4、常函数的极限等于常函数10 已知,当(A)时为无穷小量。 A. B. C. D. 10解答: ( 重要极限公式;常数的极限等于本身) 选A11. 当时,变量(D)是无穷小量 A. B. C. D. 11解答: 当时是无穷小量 是有界量,利用无穷小量与有界量的乘积仍是无穷小量 选D12.求极限= 1 .12解答:()类型二:应用极限值等于函数值判断函数的连续性13、 已知,若在内连续,则 2 .13解答: 在1处连续 类型三:利用极限的定义及常函数的导数为零求导14.若f(x)=cos,则=(A) A.0 B. C.-sin D. sin14解答: 是常函数,常函数的导数为零 选A15. 已知,则 0 .15.解答: 则 类型四:利用导数的几何意义求切线斜率或切线方程1.导数的几何意义:函数 在某点处的导数,就是曲线在该处的切线切线斜率。2、切线方程:16.曲线在点(0,1)处的切线斜率为(A). A. B. C. D. 16.解答: 选 A17.曲线y=sinx在点(,0)的切线斜率是(-1)17解答: 18. 曲线在点(4, 2)处的切线方程为18解答: 整理得: 类型五:利用导数判断函数的单调性单调性:正值,单调递增 ; 负值,单调递增19.下列函数在区间(-+上单调增加的是(C) A.sinx B. C. D.1-19、解答:对C来讲 在永远大于0 在是单调增加的函数 选C20.下列函数在区间上是单调下降的是(D) A. B. C. D. 20解答:对D来讲 在上是单调下降的函数 选D类型六:利用导数求函数的驻点驻点:导数值等于零的点21.函数y=(x-2) 的驻点是21解答: 令 是驻点类型七:利用导数求需求量弹性弹性公式:22.设需求量对价格的函数为,则需求弹性为。 A. B. C. D. 22.解答: 选 D23需求量对价格的函数为,则需求弹性. A. B. C. D. 23、解答: 选 A第3、8小题试题知识点范围 第二编第1章不定积分、第2章定积分部分第3章积分应用(重点考试类型六个,共9题)类型一:利用不定积分的定于求原函数24.下列函数中,(D)是的原函数。 A. B. C. D. 24解答方法1:对于答案D: 所以选D24解答方法2: 选 D类型二:不定积分的基本性质基本性质积分的基本性质:1) 2) 25.若,则25 解答:根据不定积分的性质,两边同时求导 26.若存在且连续,则=26解答: 类型三:利用凑微分法求不定积分所有的微分公式 左右倒置都是凑微分公式 但常用的有五类对数函数 指数函数 三角函数 幂函数 27. 若,则=27解答: 令 = 类型四:利用牛-莱公式计算定积分牛顿莱布尼茨公式:F(x)是f(x)d 一个原函数则28.若是的一个原函数,则下列等式成立的是(B).A. B. C. D. 28解答: 的一个原函 选 B类型五:利用奇偶函数在对称区间上的积分性质计算定积分奇偶函数在对称区间上的积分性质 29.下列定积分中积分值为0的是(B)A B C D 29解答:对于B答案中的被积函数 则 根据奇函数在对称区间上的积分值为0 选 B30.230解答: 是奇函数 是偶函数 是奇函数 故 类型六:计算无穷积分无穷积分:1、 2、31. ( C ). A.0 B. C. D. 31解答方法1:31解答方法2:= 选C 无穷积分收敛32.下列无穷积分中收敛的是(B ) A. B. C. D. 32解答:根据定理对幂函数 当时 无穷积分收敛; 当时 无穷积分发散 选 B第4、9小题试题知识点范围 线性代数第2章矩阵(重点考试类型四个共10题)类型一:利用矩阵相加和相乘的条件判断积矩阵的结构矩阵相乘的条件:1前面矩阵(左边)的列数与后面矩阵(右边)的行数相等时才能相乘33.设为矩阵,为矩阵,且乘积矩阵有意义,则为(D)矩阵A B C D 33解答: 由于 ; 有意义 为矩阵 为矩阵 选 D34.两个矩阵A、B既可相加又可相乘的充分必要条件是同阶方阵.34解答: , 可相加,则 ,为同形矩阵 即若则 , 可相乘 则 为同阶方阵类型二:矩阵乘法的特性、对称矩阵的性质、可逆矩阵的性质、可交换矩阵的性质1、对称矩阵:若称矩A满足则A为对称矩阵。特点 2、可交换矩阵:若 则称与可交换35.以下结论或等式正确的是(C)A.若,均为零矩阵,则有= B. 若=,且,则=C.对角矩阵是对称矩阵 D. 若,则35解答:对于答案C 对角矩阵:主对角线上的元素不全为零,其它的元素全为零,所以满足是对称矩阵 选 C36.设A=,当= 1 时,A是对称矩阵.36解答:A是对称矩阵. 37.设均为阶矩阵,则等式成立的充分必要条件是37解答: 由题目所给条件 即 、是可交换矩阵类型三:可逆矩阵的性质及转置矩阵的性质1、转置矩阵(矩阵的转置)将矩阵的行列互换叫转置矩阵记为 转置矩阵的性质: 2、若A、B为方阵且AB=BA=I则称A为B的逆矩阵,记为 逆矩阵的性质:38.设,为同阶方阵,则下列命题正确的是(D)A.若,则必有或 B. 若,则必有或C.C.若秩,秩,则秩 D. 38解答:由逆矩阵的运算性质知 即 选D39. 设A是可逆矩阵,且A+AB=I,则A=(C). A. B B. 1+B C. I+B D. 39解答:根据逆矩阵性质 选 C40设A,B为同阶可逆矩阵,则下列等式成立的是(D).A. B. C. D. 40解答:由转置矩阵的性质知 选 D41.设矩阵A=,I为单位矩阵,则(I-A)=41解:I-A= (I-A)=类型四:运用矩阵的初等变换求矩阵的秩1、矩阵的秩:就是运用矩阵的初等变换所化成的阶梯型矩阵非零行的行数。42.矩阵的秩为 2 。42解: 阶梯型矩阵有两个非零行 第5、10小题试题知识点范围 线性代数第3章线性方程组矩阵(重点考试类型五个,共11题)类型一:消元法解线性方程组43.用消元法解线性方程组,得到的解为(C)A. B. C. D. 43解答: 由方程(3)得代入方程 (2)得 将 代入方程(3)得 为方程组的解 选 C类型二:线性方程组解的判定1、若齐次线性方程组则2、若非齐次线性方程组则44.设线性方程组有唯一解,则相应的齐次方程组(C) A.无解 B. 有非零解 C. 只有零解 D.解不能确定44解答:有唯一解 (n代表未知量的个数) 则 齐次线性方程组只有零解 选 C45.若线性方程组有非0解,则= -1 . 45解答: 方程组有非零解须 46.已知齐次线性方程组中的为3×5矩阵,且该方程组有非0解,则 3 . 46解答:A是3×5矩阵 未知量的个数n=5 有定理知 。47. 齐次线性方程组只有零解的充分必要条件是47解答: 未知量的个数是n个 只有零解 48.若线性方程组的增广矩阵为,则当=( B )时线性方程组无解. A.3 B.-3 C.1 D.-148解答: 方程组无解 选 B49线性方程组=解的情况是(D)A. 有唯一解 B.有无穷多解 C. 只有零解 D. 无解49解答: 方程组无解 选D类型三:线性方程组解的结构方程组解未知量的个数=r(A),自由未知量的个数=n-r(A)50.齐次线性方程组的系数矩阵为=,则此方程组的一般解为50解答: 51.设齐次线性方程组,且,则其一般解中的自由未知量的个数等于.51解答:根据齐次方程组解的结构定理: 自由未知量的个数=未知量的个数系数矩阵的秩=52设线性方程组的增广矩阵为,则此线性方程组的一般解中自由未知量的个数为( B )A.1 B.2 C.3 D.452解答: 自由未知量的个数= 选 B第二部分微积分计算(11、12题每题10分 共9题考2题)第11小题试题知识点范围 微积分第2章导数微分(重点考试类型三个,共5题)类型一:求导数53. 设y=cos-sin, 求53解答:54. 设y=, 求54解答:类型二:求导数值55设y=, 求(0)55解答: 类型三:求微分56. 已知, 求56解答: ( ) 57.设, 求57解答: 第12小题试题知识点范围 第二编积分学第2章定积分、第2章定积分部分第3章积分应用(重点考试类型三个,共4题)类型一:利用第一换元法求不定积分58.计算.58解答: (为积分常数)类型二:利用第一换元法求定积分59. 计算.59解 类型三:利用分部积分法求定积分60. 计算60解答:原式= =61.计算.61解答:原式= = =第三部分线性代数计算(13、14题每题15分。共10题考2题)第13小题试题知识点范围 线性代数第2章矩阵(重点考试类型2个,共5题)类型一:求逆矩阵62. 设矩阵A=,B=,求.62解答: 63. 设矩阵A=,求逆矩阵63解: 64.设: 计算:64解: = 类型二:求解矩阵方程65.设矩阵=,=,求解矩阵方程65解:方程两边右乘= =66.已知AX=B,其中A=,B=,求X 66解:方程两边左乘 = =第14小题试题知识点范围 线性代数第3章线性方程组(重点考试类型二个,共5题)类型一:求解齐次线性方程组67.求齐次线性方程组的一般解.67解: 方程组有非零解一般解为 (,为自由未知量)68设齐次线性方程组,问取何值时方程组有非0解,并求一般解. 68解: 当时 方程组有唯一解。方程组有非零解,须, 一般解为 即 (为自由未知量)类型二:求解非齐次线性方程组69求线性方程组的一般解.69解: 一般解为(为自由未知量)70.求当取何值时,线性方程组有解,并求一般解. 70解:方程组有解,须 , 一般解为 (,为自由未知量71.讨论当,为何值时,线性方程组无解,有唯一解,有无穷多解71解: 分析:当 时 即 时 方程组无解当 时 时 方程组有无穷多解当 即时 方程组有唯一解第四部分微积分的应用(第15题本题20分)第15小题试题知识点范围 第二编积分学第3章积分应用(重点考试类型四个,共6题考1题)类型一:求最低平均成本72.已知某产品的边际成本为,为产量(百台),固定成本为18(万元),求(1)该产品的平均成本.(2)最低平均成本.72解:(1) (2) 令 检验知 时平均成本最小 答:该产品的平均成本为.最小平均成本为9万元/百台类型二:求最低平均成本及成本的增量73.投产某产品的固定成本为36(万元),且边际成本为(万元/百台),试求产量有4百台增至6百台时总成本的增量,及产量为多少时,可使平均成本达到最低。73解: 令 检验知 时平均成本达到最低类型三:求最大利润74.某厂生产某种产品件时的总成本函数为(元),单位销售价格为(元/件),试求:(1)产量为多少时可使利润达到最大?(2)最大利润是多少?74解: 令 : 检验知件时,利润最大.(元)类型四:求最大利润及利润的增量75. 已知某产品的边际成本为(元/件),固定成本为0,边际收益,求:(1)产量为多少时利润最大?(2)在最大利润产量的基础上再生产50件,利润将会发生什么变化?75解(1) 令 检验知 时利润最大(2)答:当产量为500件时利润最大,在最大利润的基础上再生产50台利润将减少25元76.已知生产某种产品的边际成本函数为(万元/百台),收入函数(万元).求使利润达到最大时的产量,如果在最大利润的产量的基础上再增加生产200台,利润将会发生怎样的变化?76解: 根据题目要求,求相应边际经济函数 令边际经济函数等于零求出驻点 令 检验知时利润最大 利用增量积分公式求改变量 答:利润最大时的产量为3百台,在最大利润的基础上再增加生产2百台利润将减少4万元。77.设生产某产品的总成本函数为(万元),其中为产量,单位:百吨.销售百吨时的边际收入为(万元/百吨),求:(1)利润最大时的产量;(2)在利润最大时的产量的基础上再生产1百吨,利润会发生什么变化?77、解: 令 检验知时利润最大 答:利润最大时的产量为3百吨,在最大利润的基础上再增加生产1百吨利润将减少1万元。Editor's note: Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static from space hear the faint beeps of the world's first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, I've still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, you'd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my desk. I'm anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.It's like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line "we" would be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and "capcom" (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, "Fearless Felix" will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way I'd miss this."If we don't do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it; we need the courage to do it."His comments came hours after Fifa vice-president Jeffrey Webb - also in London for the FA's celebrations - said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his complaint.CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been "exaggerated" by the Ivorian and the British media.Blatter, 77, said: "It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them."It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense."We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination."This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football."The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the c

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