电大本科《现代汉语专题》试题及答案小抄参考.doc

专业好文档中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试（开卷）汉语专题(1) 试题一、判断正误（每小题2分，共20分）说明：正确的打钩，错误的打叉。1普通话是具有全民通用性和权威性的特殊方言。( )2方言是地域文化的反映，因此方言不应该被消灭，而应该保留。( )3普通话语音系统中的鼻辅音都可以出现在音节的末尾。( )4普通话韵母的元音韵尾只有i和u两个。( )5非定位语素一般都是成词语素，二者互相对应。( )6“我们一起学习”中的“学习”，此处虽然没有带宾语，但仍然是及物动词。( )7“饭桶”指只会吃饭不会做事的人，这是语素义的比喻用法。( )8基础部件就是能构成很多汉字的部件，例如“木、目、月”等。( )9网络词语是语言的社会变体，是一种社会方言。( )10.为了汉语的纯洁性，应该禁止使用网络语言。( )二、举例解释下列术语（每词5分，共10分）11调值12兼类词三、综合分析应用题（共40分） 13.分别写出下列音节的声母和韵母。（10分） (Dyang: qiu: xuan: chun: weng: 14辨析下列同义词的主要差别。（10分） 时间时刻： 生日寿辰： 再婚续弦： 秘密绝密： 果断武断： 15分析下列词组的结构层次关系。(10分) 清洗大楼的玻璃窗 清洗大楼的临时工 16从不同角度纠正下面句子中存在的问题。（10分） 解题提示：下面的句子，可能在语汇、语法、汉字书写方面有错误，注意纠正。直接写出正确的句子即可，不需要说明纠正的原因。 你有什么话可以直接了当地说，不用拐弯抹角。 一些年轻人的拙作，我们实在是不敢恭维。 他去年还欠款三万元，看来今后会好一些。 发生这样的事情实在是太偶尔了，让人始料未及。 他从小看着父母在舞台上演出，耳儒目染，很多戏曲唱腔自然就学会了。四、问答题（每小题5分，共30分） 17.普通话对方言的强大影响表现在哪些方面？ 18.什么是重音？“我明天去”这个句子，如果其中“我”、“明天”念重音，隐含的意义有什么不同？ 19.什么是词的理据？请分析“土豆”和“洋芋”的词义理据有什么不同？ 20什么是句子的表述性？举例说明。 21什么是字符？举例说明字符的具体类别。 22.什么是网络语言？网络语言有哪些特点？试卷代号：1081中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试（开卷）汉语专题(1)试题答案及评分标准 （供参考） 2011年7月一、判断正误（每小题2分，共20分） 1 2 3× 4 5× 6 7 8× 9 10.×二、解释下列名词术语（每词5分，共10分） 11调值是声调高低升降变化的具体读法。例如普通话阳平调是35，上声调是214。 12.兼类词指具有两类或多类词的语法功能的词，例如“导演”在“一位导演”中是名词，在“导演了一部电影”中是动词。三、综合分析应用题（共40分）13分别写出下列音节的声母和韵母。（10分） 14.辨析下列同义词的主要差别。（10分） 时间时刻：范围大小不同，“时间”范围大，“时刻”范围小。 生日寿辰：附加意义不同，“生日”具有口语色彩，“寿辰”具有书面语色彩。 再婚续弦：附加意义不同，“再婚”只有理性意义，“续弦”附加上形象色彩。 秘密绝密：词义轻重不同，“秘密”词义轻，“绝密”词义重，程度高一些。 果断武断：感情色彩不同，“果断”具有褒义色彩，“武断”具有贬义色彩。15.分析下面词组的结构层次关系。（10分） 16.从不同角度纠正下面句子中存在的问题。（10分） 你有什么话可以直截了当地说，不用拐弯抹角。 一些年轻人的作品，我们实在是不敢恭维。 他去年归还欠款三万元，看来今后会好一些。 发生这样的事情实在是太偶然了，让人始料未及。 他从小看着父母在舞台上演出，耳濡目染，很多戏曲唱腔自然就学会了。四、问答题（每小题5分，共30分） 17.第一，进一步扩大影响j我国长期以来一直致力于推广普通话，普通话的影响越来越大；第二，逐步渗透，普通话的语言成分直接进入方言区，特别是一些新词，大多数是以普通话语素和结构方式构成，直接进入各个方言区；第三，全面覆盖，普通话与方言并存并用。 18.重音指语句中重要的，应该强调的词语要重读，包括语法重音和强调重音。（2分） “我明天去”这个句子中，“我”念重音，隐含的意义是强调不是其他人；“明天”念重音，强调时间不是今天或后天。（3分） 19.词义的理据就是表示事物、现象、观念的词的构成依据，即一个词用某些语素来构造的道理和依据。（2分） “土豆”和“洋芋”词义相同，是等义词，但词的理据不同，突出事物的不同特征，“土豆”突出这种植物果实像豆类长在土中，“洋芋”突出这种粮食的来源是国外，同时把它归人芋头一类。（3分） 20.句子的表述性是指句子既要表达客观现实又要陈述主观意图的特性，是句子区别于词和短语的标志。例如门外有人敲门，我们问：“谁在外面？”这个句子表明客观现实中产生了某种情况，而发话人说这句话的目的就是想知道门外是什么人。所以，任何一个句子，都会表达客观现实和说话目的两个方面，因而总是有一定的语气。 21字符是分析汉字内部结构得到的基本构字单位，是组合成汉字的符号。字符具体可分为意符、声符和记号三类，通过这三类的具体形式表现出来。在一个汉字中，一个字符只能表现为意符或者声符，或者记号，所以意符、声符和记号是字符的具体存在形式。例如在“妈”中，字符“女”是意符，字符“马”是声符。 22.网络语言就是网民以现代汉语为基础，在网络环境中通过文字形式进行交际而形成的一种语言功能变体，是一种独特的社会方言。（2分） 网络语言的形成有多方面的原因：输入文字快捷简便的需要；表达生动形象的需要，填补词语缺位的需要。（3分）Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.