电大建筑结构试验试题(中央广播电视大学学第二学期“开放本科”期末考试)参考小抄.doc

专业好文档中央广播电视大学2009-2010学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试建筑结构试验试题2010年7月一、选择题（每小题3分共45分）1建筑结构模型试验的优点，做如下表述中，( D )是不对的。 A制怍容易，节省材料、时间、人力 B.可以根据试验目的，突出主要因索，针对性强 C.可以严格控制其主要参数，避免计多外界因素干扰，保证数据准确 D.能表达实体的一切特征2.（ D ）和控制系统可以完成结构静荷试验、结构幼荷试验、结构低周疲劳和模拟地震试验等等。 A.液压千斤顶 B单向作用液压加载器 C双向作用液压加载器 D.电液伺服作动器3贴电阻片处的应变为l500，电阻片的灵敏系数K=2.0，在这个电阻片上应产生的电阻变化率应是( D ）。 A0.2% BO.4% C.0.1% D.0.34.下列，（ C ）可测出钢筋位置A.超声法 B.钻芯法 C.磁检测法 D.扁顶法5、结构试验包括（ D ）等主要环节。、结构试验设计 、结构试验准备、结构试验实施 、结构试验分析A、 B、C、 D、6、下列钢租车混凝土结构的承载力极限标志中，（ A ）条不正确A跨中最大挠度达到跨度的1、60B受拉主筋重心处裂缝宽度达到1.51mm C剪力区，受压混凝土剪压破坏或余压破坏D主筋端部相对混凝土滑移达0.21mm 7、疲劳试验过程中要进行四种形式的试验。（ A ）的加载值为最大荷载的20%，以消除支座等连接件之间的不良接触，检查仪器工作是否正常。A预加载 B静载试验C疲劳试验 D破坏试验8、在结构抗震动力试验中，（ B ）加载方法既能较好地模拟地震又易于实现。A采用机械式激振器激振 B采用地震模拟振动台C采用炸药爆炸模拟人工地震 D采用电磁激激振9、下列，（ A ）不属于生产检验性试验。A试验结构计算理论的假定 B结构的设计和施工通过试验进行鉴定C预制构件的性能检验 D工程改建或加固10、通过（ B ）这种方式可以实现均布荷载的加载，也可以使用料盘实现集中荷载的加载。A液压加载 B重物加载 C激振器加载 D机械式加载11、在轴向接压状态下，（ B ）布置应变片的形式和测量桥路的特点是：消除了温度影响，使用的应变片较少，测量灵敏度提高了（1+）倍，不能消除偏心荷载的影响。A外设补偿片互相补偿的半桥测试方案B测量应变片互相补偿的伴桥测试方案C外设补偿片的全桥测试方案D测量应变片互相补偿的全桥测试方案12、下列，（ A ）测定方法属于砌体强度的间接测定法。A回弹法与推出法 B推出法与扁顶法C扁顶法与原位单砖双剪法 D原位单砖双剪法与回弹法13、相似第一定理：若两个物理现象相似，则相似指标必为1；或者相似判据相等，且为常数。相似第一定理是相似的（ A ）。A必要条件 B充分条件 C相信判据存在定理 14、用（ A ）得到的频率和爱理不理尼均比较准确，但只能测出基本频率。A自由振动法 B共振法 C脉动法15、受弯构件的斜载面疲劳破坏标志有（ B ）.纵向主筋疲劳断.与临界斜裂缝相交的腹筋疲劳断裂.与临界斜裂缝相交的腹筋疲劳断裂.混凝土剪压疲劳破坏A、 B、C、 D、二、判断题1、在“钢筋滚动结构”及“砖石结构”课程中讲到的试验研究绝大多数是用模型试验做出来的。（ ）2.被测物理量的单位变化引起测试系统输出值变化量的大小称为灵敏度，灵敏度的表示方法是：输出量与被测物理量之比。（ ）3.移动荷载作用下结构所产生的动挠度往往比静挠度大。（ ）4.动荷加载的方式有：重物加载、惯性力加载、激振器加载、爆炸加载、液压加载。（ × ）5.研究结构在荷载作用下的弹性、弹塑性直至破坏各阶段全过程的工作性能，应取强度模型进行试验。（ ）三、简答题1.结构试验按试验的目的、对象、荷载性质、试验场所以及试验持续时间可将结构试验分为哪几类（7分）答：结构试验按试验的目的、对象、荷载性质、试验场所以及试验持续时间可将结构试验分为生产检验性试验和科学研究性试验；真型试验与模型试验；静力试验与动力试验；短期荷载试验与长期荷载试验。2.电阻应变测量方法的主要特点如何？（7分）答：电阻应变测量方法的主要特点：测量灵敏度高；标距小；滞后小；在复杂的环境中也可以完成就能变测量。3.建筑结构试验设计包括哪些内容？（7分）答：建筑结构试验设计内容包括：试件设计，试验加载设计，试验观测设计，试验误差控制措施和试验安全安全措施等内容。4.静力试验最大优点是什么？（7分）答：静力试验的最大优点是所有加载设备相对简单，荷载逐级施加，可以停下来仔细观测结构变形，给人一明晰的破坏概念。5.动力试验包括哪些试验？（6分）答：动力试验包括振动试验和疲劳试验。6.什么是结构试验的加载制度？它包括哪些内容？（6分）答：结构试验加载制度是指结构试验进行期间控制荷载与加载时间的关系，它包括加载速度的快慢、加载时间间歇的长短、分级荷载的大小和加载、卸载循环的次数等。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.