电大本科小学教育《人类与社会》试题及答案2参考小抄.doc

专业好文档 “开放本科期末考试人类与社会 试题一、单项选择题（将正确答案填在题后括号内。每小题4分，共16分）1资源具有的两个重要特征是( ) A廉价性和实用性 B再生性和广泛性 C社会效应性和稀缺性 D可获得性和可交换性2奴隶制国家最早产生于( )A古巴比伦 B古中国C古埃及 D古印度3. 20世纪80年代末至90年代初，两极世界政治格局最终崩溃，它的标志是( ) A东欧巨变与苏联解体B美国实力的衰落 C华沙条约组织解散 D美、欧、日三足鼎立局面出现 4民俗学的英文名为Folklore，这一名词是英国考古学家汤姆斯在1846年创造的，得到了学术界的普遍认同，对这个词原意的正确理解应该是( ) A民间学 B残存文化 C神话学 D关于民众知识的科学二、简答题（答出要点即可，不必展开论述。每小题12分4小题共48分】1什么是“哈勃定律”？2如何理解知识经济的内涵？3简述城市的含义。4为什么说文化冲突是文化发展的重要动力？三、论述题（结合实际进行具体论述。16分）家庭的主要功能有哪些？举例进行具体论述。四、分析题（运用相关理论分析具体问题。20分） 2008年11月，在全世界关注的目光下，有着非洲黑人血统的奥巴马在美国总统大选中击败迈凯恩，成为第一位跨种族、跨文化的非洲裔美国总统。媒体普遍认为，这会激励更多像奥巴马这样怀揣“美国梦”的低层选民，通过奋斗争取更加平等的地位，创造更加开放的多元社会文化。 请结合这一社会现实，依据社会阶层分化理论，分析社会分阶层具有哪些社会作用。试卷代号：1172 中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试人类与社会试题答案及评分标准 （供参考） 2011年1月一、单项选择题（将正确答案填在题后括号内。每小题4分，共16分）1C 2C 3A 4D二、简答题（答出要点即可，不必展开论述。每小题12分，4小题共48分）1什么是“哈勃定律”？ 答：“哈勃定律”是开展现代宇宙学研究的前提和基础，由美国天文学家哈勃于1929年创立。（3分）哈勃经过大量的实际观测发现，遥远的星体正在远离我们而去，整个宇宙正处于膨胀之中；（3分）并且还发现，对于我们地球观测点来说，逾遥远的星体远离我们而退行的速度逾快，（3分）也即是星体背离地球逃离的速度与其距地球的远近成正比，离地球越远的星体，退行速度越快。（3分） 2如何理解知识经济的内涵？ 答：国际经济合作与发展组织认为“知识经济是建立在知识和信息的生产、分配和使用之上的经济。”（4分）该组织提出，知识经济是与农业经济、工业经济相对应的一个概念，（3分）是人类社会进入计算机信息时代出现的一种新型的、富有生命力的经济形态，（3分）它的出现，将对人类社会的发展产生极为深远的影响。（2分） 3简述城市的含义。 答：学术界有多种说法，一般认为，城市是以人为主体，（3分）以空间和自然环境的合理利用为前提，（3分）以集聚经济效益为目的，（3分）集约人口、经济、科技和文化的空间地域系统。（3分）4为什么说文化冲突是文化发展的重要动力？ 答：文化冲突是人类文化发展过程中的普遍现象，是文化发展的重要动力。（3分）它促成了文化的分化，打破了旧的文化体系，诞生出新的文化体系；（3分）它导致了文化的整合，使不同的文化系统之间在矛盾冲突过程中相互吸收、融合，以至于逐步趋于一体化。（3分）因此，在一定程度上我们可以说，文化冲突是文化发展的必经阶段，对于推动文化的发展具有积极意义。（3分）三、论述题（结合实际进行具体论述。16分） 答：家庭的主要功能有哪些？举例进行具体论述。 (1)满足性生活的需要和性生活的社会控制功能。（2分）(2)生育子女繁衍后代。（2分） (3)为家庭成员提供经济的支持。（2分）(4)为家庭成员提供感情的保证。（2分）(5)消费的功能。（2分） (6)社会稳定的功能。（2分）举例恰当4分。四、分析题【运用相关理论分析具体问题。20分） 2008年11月，在全世界关注的目光下，有着非洲黑人血统的奥巴马在美国总统大选中击败迈凯恩，成为第一位跨种族、跨文化的非洲裔美国总统。媒体普遍认为，这会激励更多像奥巴马这样怀揣“美国梦”的低层选民，通过奋斗争取更加平等的地位，创造更加开放的多元社会文化。 请结合这一社会现实，依据社会阶层分化理论，分析社会分阶层具有哪些社会作用。 答：(1)社会阶层的分化是社会“从身份到契约”的转化过程。用契约取代身份的实质是人的解放，是用法治取代人治，用自由流动取代身份约束，用后天的奋斗取代对先赋资格的崇拜。（4分）(2)社会阶层的分化本身就是一种社会进步，它对社会成员的有机构成发挥了有益的改善和调整作用。（4分） (3)社会阶层的分化造就了一个“公民社会”，即指与国家相区别的，处在国家直接控制之外的那一部分社会、社会力量及相应的经济制度、规章等非国家结构领域。（4分） (4)社会阶层的不断分化有助于社会等级体系的形状从传统农业社会的“金字塔型”向现代工业社会的“橄榄型”转变。（4分） 结合实际分析4分。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.