电大中国古代文学专题(2)形考作业2答案.doc

专业好文档中国古代文学专题（2）形考作业2答案. w/ e; 4 n' ?  ' t+ A! m7 n一、填空题+ B( L& M# P& p1、南戏白兔记写刘知远由流浪汉而成为皇帝的故事，属于在民间颇受欢迎的发迹变泰题材。5 M4 L+ K8 m5 l- D2、明代著名剧作家汤显祖又成为其他剧作的表现对象，如清代蒋士铨的临川梦就以戏曲形式为汤显祖作传。& h- L/ ?4 v8 l2 s, 1 p3、明代是中国戏曲理论发展的重要时期，著名剧作家南词叙录的南词叙录是第一部南戏概论性质的专著。& Q% b+ w8 x8 a4、清初传奇创作非常繁荣，洪升的长生殿和孔尚任的桃花扇代表了这一阶段传奇创作的最高成就。) W. v( ?7 G0 B. g( H0 . _5、明代很多剧作取材于水浒传，如李开先创作的宝剑记演林冲被逼上梁山的故事。4 L0 H5 2 u( # m6、梁辰鱼创作的传奇浣纱记是第一部用改革后的昆山腔演唱的剧本，它使昆山腔在戏曲舞台上迅速流传开来。0 p! |6 ; 0 A% t" s7、明代很多剧作家追随汤显祖讴歌真情，如孟称舜的剧作二胥记则歌颂了伍子胥灭楚复仇之孝和申包胥借兵复楚之忠。* J4 h7 l7 c2 m! V5 j. n5 l. f8、沈璟的南九宫十三调曲谱" A& f. T! i# X. p; " |9、古代戏曲中常用误会错认法来结撰情节，阮大铖的春灯谜一剧就以十错认造成一系列的波澜，堪称错认法的典范之作。+ r" y  ?- o7 y/ ! e10、清初以李玉为代表的苏州派剧作家，以戏曲来反映现实政治和平民生活，李玉、朱素臣等合作的清忠谱是其代表作之一，剧中反映了东林党人和苏州人民反抗阉党魏忠贤的斗争。8 7 s4 H* u- T9 d二、名词解释（共10分，每题5分）+ 4 ' V  I9 D5 l3 b: # N1、小孙屠剧写开封不得志的文人孙必达的故事，剧本表现的重点在家庭伦理、兄弟之情。; W+ a# m+ J% F7 # q* N2.吴江派* - u8 |" I+ z  U; j! w0 X" I; 明代传奇流派之一。领袖人物是苏州吴江人沈璟。沈璟对音律的重视，对本色的提倡，得到当时及身后不少剧作家的响应，形成了中国戏曲史上第一个真正意义的流派吴江派。主要作家有沈璟、吕天成、叶宪祖、冯梦龙、袁于令、范文若、卜世臣、沈自徵等人。其中吕天成、卜世臣更是遵守沈璟的创作模式，不敢移动分毫。- O( 7 f+ E' & M* U + |2 Y0 z: j/ l3 x! D三、简答题5 w" ?+ p4 Q9 o: T2 A1简述南戏与北杂剧的不同1 J7 R5 z) i) . v& l首先，在剧作的内容上，南戏作品叙事性强，抒情性弱。而且南戏在剧中所表达的“情”是下层民众所共有的“情”，作家的个体意识在剧中的表达不强烈。而北剧作品故事情节相对比较简单，剧本的抒情多于叙事，剧中的人物形象也较为单薄。同时剧本中作家的主体意识也比较强烈。0 J. c6 8 |+ V" H其次，语言上，南戏的曲文宾白，多口语俗语，俚俗无文采。而北剧的语言则表现出较高的文学性。- |2 " m+ w- X3 s: b再次，南北剧作者在身份上的差异，也带来音乐曲律上的差异。南戏没有严格的曲律，且受方言的影响，用韵混乱。而北剧作家熟悉声律韵律，在撰写剧本时重视曲律，在宫调、用韵方面均有其规范。3 L! e5   K# Q: j: 4 F. j+ L5 ?4 % % M ) Y! I' W7 Q- Y3 q1 J, J3 L/ _: S2、提示：) c5 u/ T, O' 4 / J' y6 C首先，高明在他的创作中明确提出了“不关风化体，纵好也徒然”的创作思想，强调作品的社会教育作用，努力尝试把戏剧这种“小道”提升到教育工具的地位。1 W8 V7 d. ?9 C/ Z: P其次，他以他的文学修养，提高了南戏的文学品位，并以其作品，改变了南戏的粗糙和简陋，是南戏得以与杂剧、与文学史上的其他文学样式并驾齐驱，使南戏由民间进入到文人的书房，以此为标记，南戏创作迈入到一个新的阶段。0 s0 1 |- e9 v* n最后，琵琶记结构形式上的创造，作为南戏创作的范式性作品，给后来的创造以极大的影响。琵琶记采用的双线结构模式，几乎成为了后来南戏、传奇创造的基本结构方式。0 h/ k( q- ; T  J8 K4 J7 q 6 . _3 & o% 0 A5 j3、结合作品，分析汤显祖邯郸记唐传奇枕中记创作主旨上的差异。9 J: M- W* i$ _( F提示：! k%   M% t# e  h* Z3 Y邯郸记取材于唐人沈既济的小说枕中记，但是作了一些改动和发挥。小说中梦幻部分的表现重点是人生之宠辱、穷达、得丧、死生。汤显祖的邯郸记则着重表达的是政治的荒唐与黑暗，涉及科举的腐败和官场的倾轧，并借卢生的梦境，嘲笑了恶之情。汤显祖在小说之外还加上了人生家庭遭际的感慨，透露了他在爱子死后的心情。+ d+ n& D5 P2 q* Y) B# M : o0 u2 - X$ F0 o" R7 p% k* n4、沈璟的剧作有哪些特点？9 i4 s! P% i- / t( U( H答：内容上注意表现市井生活；: z' A7 s8 e5 $ B1 r: R注意世风，注意剧本的道德意义；. Z6 j* / |5 K( A2 : m重视剧作的舞台效果，结构上注意避免冗长、拖沓；/ S  J9 b: O* U3 E形式上表现出杂剧与传奇的融合；5 U( 5 L6 _6 F, x" w( Y0 n语言通俗浅近，并追求诙谐。1 f# K. ?4 H$ F! q4 f$ g1 w* X4 b0 四、论述题+ 5 D4 n7 d  u! H-  : n- C5 I3 l0 X5 D1、张协状元是一本负心剧；4 K" 6 V# D7 a! u" 1 C南戏荆钗记与张协状元等谴责文人负心的作品不同，它借书生王十朋和钱玉莲的爱情故事，赞扬了文人在科场得意后对爱情的忠贞。  b4 ; P5 o1 2 h' k! n: 高明琵琶记不再是对文人负心的批判，不再是对文人忠贞爱情的歌颂，而是对蔡伯喈的故事引发人们对“婚”与“仕”的道德反思，表达了文人心中一种普遍的人生困惑。# M0 z$ X. g; / a0 h2、杜丽娘是一个具有至情、执着理想的女子：(1)杜丽娘的叫：活环境令人窒息，这也是那个时代现实十女性的困境；(2)对爱情的大胆主动追求，因情而死，因情而生；这体现了汤显祖的至情观即情可以超越现实、超越时空。(3)杜丽娘对父母的牵念拄怀，代表了她对现实社会的礼义的回归。% y) X8 |; n' C# p) e' P- R汤显祖是通过杜丽娘形象的塑造来体现自己对“情”的追求的。对于文学创作，汤显祖强调真挚情感的作用。在牡丹亭中，汤显祖在强调真情的同时，还表达了情对现实的超越。牡丹亭里的杜丽娘并没有一个现实中的情人，她为追求梦中情人而死去，又因情而复生。她不是在现实的感情中苦恼，而是为梦境而痛苦，她不是死于爱情的被破坏，而是死于对爱情的徒然的渴望。在这里，汤显祖不仅写出了社会现实中的女性的困境：生活中受到重重束缚，行动也受到多方约束，对于爱情，仅仅只有渴望，而无法实现。同时，汤显祖更借杜丽娘的形象，表达了自己的至情观：“情”可以超越现实的存在，超越时间和空间。真情是无法为常理所规定和约束的。"If we don't do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it; we need the courage to do it."His comments came hours after Fifa vice-president Jeffrey Webb - also in London for the FA's celebrations - said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his complaint.CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been "exaggerated" by the Ivorian and the British media.Blatter, 77, said: "It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them."It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense."We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination."This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football."The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there