非谓语动词之动名词课件.ppt

1,非谓语动词,2,非谓语动词,非谓语动词的概念：不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词。非谓语的种类：动名词、分词、不定式。,3,非谓语动词,4,动名词,1.动名词的特点：动名词既保留了名词的特点（可以作宾语、主语、表语），又具有动词的特点（可以带宾语、状语等）；2.动名词的形式：所有动名词都是v-ing，但不是所有v-ing都是动名词；3.动名词可以充当：主语、表语、宾语、定语；,5,动名词,（1）动名词作主语：*动词原形不能作主语，但动名词和不定式可以作主语；*动名词作主语默认为第三人称单数，动词也需要用第三人称单数；晚上出门是很危险的。*Going out at night is very dangerous.,6,动名词,在河里游泳很安全。Swimming in the river is very safe.在这张床上睡觉很舒服。Sleeping in this bed feels comfortable.到公园里散步是很多人喜欢做的事儿。Taking a walk in the park is somethingmost people like to do.,7,动名词,在这个时代居住在北京这样的大城市很累。Living in big cities like Beijing nowadaysis extremely tiring.在美国留学其实没有你想得那么好。_(*Studying in America is actually not asgood as you think.),8,动名词,在迪拜住旅馆要花至少1000美金。_(Living in hotels in Dubai will cost you atleast 1,000 dollars.)在这家工厂工作让我想自杀。_(Working in this factory makes me want to kill myself.),9,动名词,对她撒谎是我最不想做的事儿。*Lying to her is the last thing I want to do.保护平民百姓是我作为蜘蛛侠的责任。Protecting the public is my responsibilityas the Spider Man.玩蹦极需要勇气。Playing bungee needs courage.,10,动名词,追赶班上的好学生是我现在要做的第一件事。Catching up with those top students inmy class is the first thing for me to do.接受这个新人对我来说还需要一段时间。Accepting the new guy will cost mesome time.,11,动名词,晚上做噩梦让我感到烦恼。Having nightmares at night makes merather upset.喜欢你，没道理。Liking you needs no reason.,12,动名词,在电影院看电影感觉很不错。_(Watching movies in the cinema feelsreally good.)夏天在游泳池游泳很舒服。_(Swimming in the pool in summer is comfortable),13,动名词,每个星期六下午去打篮球是我的习惯之一。_(Playing basketball on every Saturdayafteroon is one of my habits.)睡觉之前喝水有益于身体健康。_(Drinking before sleep is good for yourhealth.),14,动名词,动名词作主语常用its.和there is.；常用于it is.后的词有：no good,no use,useless,a waste,worthwhile等；在这里等没有用。Its no use waiting here.学习不实践是非常不好的。Its no good learning without practice.,15,动名词,（2）动名词作表语：我最喜欢一段旅程就是在山里看风景。My favorite part of the trip is sightseeing amongthe mountains.他的工作是在街上拍摄感人的画面。His job is taking moving pictures in streets.,16,动名词,他的爱好之一是躺在床上听音乐。One of his hobbies is listening music on bed.这个小男孩最讨厌的就是上学。What the little boy hates most is going to school.,17,动名词,（3）动名词作动词宾语和介词宾语：常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,avoid,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,include,keep,mind,miss,practice,resist,suggest,appreciate等;常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词词组有：give up,insist on,feel like,get down to,look forward to,get used to,cant help等；,18,动名词,想不想出去逛街？Do you feel like going shopping together？你喜欢和他聊天吗？Do you enjoy talking with him？我建议一起去野营。I suggest going camping together.,19,动名词,我知道一个能够帮助她的方法。I know a method of helping her.在出门之前，记得检查一下门窗。Before going out,remember to check thewindows and the door.赢得比赛后他们举行了庆祝会。They had a celebration party after winning thegame.,20,动名词,他不断地试验新想法以帮助全中国的农民。He will keep trying out new ideas so he can helpfarmers around China.（人教4-2）每当你想要吸烟的时候，就提醒自己，你不再是吸的人了。Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette,remind yourself that you are a non-smoker.（人教6-3）,21,动名词,他们掌握了种植、狩猎和迁徙的新方法。They developed new methods of growing food,hunting and moving around.（人教5-4）顾客在她的餐馆里吃过东西以后，很快就会感到疲乏。After eating in her restaurant people wouldbecome tired very quickly.（人教3-2）,22,动名词,有些动词后面既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词，但们之间有一些区别，这些词有：like,love,prefer,hate,remember,forget,stop,regret等,23,动名词,（4）动名词作定语：*名词、分词、动名词都可以作定语，但它们之间有区别。动名词作定语多表示所修饰名词的用途和目的，如：a fishing net 一张捕鱼网 a swimming pool 一个游泳池 a killing machine 一个杀戮机器 a loving machine 一个情场高手,24,动名词,（5）动名词自带逻辑主语：他的离开伤了她的心。His leaving breaks her heart.我讨厌他帮助我。I hate his/him helping me.我喜欢她认真的样子。I like her being serious.,25,动名词,我知道他生病了。I know his being sick.他不还我钱让我感到很不舒服。His not returning me money makes me mad.我生气的是你不服从我的命令。Im mad at your not obeying my orders.你知不知道他昨天离开了？Have you any idea his leaving yesterday？,26,动名词,昨天我听说他公司破产了。皇后的背叛让国王非常的伤心。她经常梦想自己成为一个超级巨星。政府掩盖真相让老百姓非常气愤。他的出现让我大吃一惊。老师对他经常迟到感到很愤怒。,27,动名词,（6）动名词的被动语态及被动语态的完成时：没有人喜欢被别人嘲笑。Nobody likes being laughed at by others.我看到他被医生送进了手术室。I saw him/his being sent into the operation room.这个警察知道自己已经被开除了。This policeman knows his having been fired.让他担心的是他不被允许出去玩。,28,非谓语动词,29,不定式,1.不定式的形式：所有不定式的形式都是todo，但to后面不一定只跟动词原形；2.to作为介词的词组：be/get/become used to,be addicted to,be opposed to,devote oneself to,get down to,object to,put ones mind to,stick to,pay attention to,look forward to,prefer to.3.不定式可以充当：主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、后置定语、状语；,30,不定式,（1）不定式作主语：默认为第三人称单数；To see is to believe.眼见为实。To climb the mountain road was hardfor me.爬这条山路对我来说太难了。To work in this company delights me.这家公司上班让我很兴奋。,31,不定式,不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语：It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是令人兴奋的事。Its not easy to find your way aroundthe town.在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。Its useless to help him.帮助他是没有用的。Its good to see you.很高兴见到你。,32,不定式,能认识你是我的荣幸。要把一门外语学好不容易。难说！做这个家庭作业花了我3小时。我们不帮他是个错误。,33,不定式,不定式的特殊用法：和特殊疑问词连用！I dont know what to do.I dont know what to say.I dont know what to eat.I dont know when to leave.I dont know when to start.I dont know where to go.I dont know where to find him.I dont know who to blame.I dont know who to talk to.,34,不定式,I dont know who to trust.I dont know which to choose.I dont know which book to buy.I dont know how often to take a bath.你应该记住什么时候去上学。他想知道什么时候吃饭。,35,不定式,对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。对我来说回答你的问题很难。如果表语是kind,nice,right,wrong,clever,polite等描述行为者的性格、品行的形容词，则应在不式前加一个of 引起的语。Its very kind of you to help me.你能帮我，真好,36,不定式,你真聪明，能解决这个问题。和你父母这样说话非常不礼貌。这样处理问题是很不对的。,37,不定式,（2）不定式作表语：我的理想是成为一个演员。My dream is to be an actor.他的目的就是让我讨厌你。His purpose is to let me hate you.我现在想做的是出去走走。What I want to do now is to go out for a walk.,38,不定式,老师的愿望是帮助学习成绩不太好的学生提高他的成绩。他最不想做的事情是呆在家里。我今天的工作就是在家里照顾孩子。这个护士的梦想是成为一个全球知晓的大明星。,39,不定式,（3）不定式作宾语：常见的接不定式作宾语的动词有：afford,agree,ask,begin,bother,care,choose,continue,decide,determine,expect,fail,forget,hate,hope,intend,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,refuse,remember,try,want,wish等；,40,不定式,（4）不定式作宾语补足语：a.常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,command,direct,enable,encourage,expect,forbid,force,instruct,invite,order,permit,persuade,press,remind,request,teach,tell,train,urge,want,warn等；b.有些感官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式作补语：,41,不定式,b.有些感官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式作补语：四看（see,watch,notice,observe），三使役（let,have,make）二听（hear,listen to）一感觉（feel）c.help后面可以带to，也可以不带：My computer helps me(to)work everyday.,42,不定式,常见的跟不带to不定式的：Let/make/have sb.do sth.see/watch/notice/observe sb.do sth.Why not/Why dont you do sth.(对比：how about/what about doing sth.)had better(not)do sth.,43,不定式,（5）不定式作定语：不定式作定语，放在所修饰词的后面：Im always the first person to get to the office.I think its the best time to tell the truth.Can you think of any ways to help me out？You are not a man to rely on.,44,不定式,I have nothing to do right now.There is nothing to be done.There is nothing to see.没有什么可以值得骄傲的。你有可以吃的东西吗？,45,不定式,你最好想出一个挣钱的好办法。我无话可说。没有什么可怕的。我想找个能睡觉的地方。现在不是你玩的时候。,46,不定式,特别注意：（1）如果不定式与所修饰的词之间还有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，则用不定式的主动形式表示被动。I have a lot of work to do today.Do you have anything to say now?,47,不定式,我有很多需要联系的朋友。老婆向老公抱怨说她总是有做不完的家务活。你还有三分钟。我还有两个星期可以浪费。我有一封信要写。你仍然还有很长的一条路要走。,48,不定式,特别注意：（2）如果不定式与所修饰的词之间还有逻辑上的动宾关系，而句子主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，用不定式的被动式。I have a lot of work to be done today.Do you have anything to be taken to your son?,49,不定式,我去邮局，你有信要寄吗？她不喜欢被当做小孩子对待。还有很多的事情要做。*当不定式在There be.句型中用作定语修饰主语而表示被动意义时，一般情况下，既可以用主动形式，也可以用被动形式。在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些,50,不定式,特别注意：（3）作定语的不定式动词如果是不及物动词，动词后面要加介词或副词构成及物动词词组；Will you find me a pen to write with?She has no one to talk to.,51,不定式,生活如此美好，我没有什么可以抱怨的。-他昨天告诉我他还有许多的事情要处理，所以他今天不能来聚会了。-太可惜了。他应该提前把事情处理好的。我不知道该为什么而哭泣，也不知道该为什么而高兴。,52,不定式,特别注意：（4）当不定式所修饰的词是time,place,way时，不定式后面的介词通常省略。He had no money and no place to live(in).,53,不定式,（6）不定式作状语：不定式通常作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。不定式作状语，要保证不定式的逻辑主语和主句主语一致。目的状语：(in order to.in order that.)He killed her to get her money.Her mother flies to Beijing at least four times a year to visit her.,54,不定式,To make friends easily,you need to be very kind.为了帮助我，他用光了身上所有的钱。我每天都要去菜市买菜给我妻子做饭。幼稚的他希望通过沉迷于游戏而忘记现实生活中的烦恼。为了尽快到达那里，我们选择了打的。,55,不定式,结果状语：不定式作结果状语通常用在“so.as to”，“such.as to”，“enough.to”，“too.to”，“only to.”句型中；Im not so stupid as to trust him.Jane hurried back only to find her mother dead in the hospital.He ran all the way to the station only to learn that the train had already gone.,56,不定式,He is so cute(a boy)as to be liked by many girls.He is such a cute boy as to be liked by many girls.Scientists believe that the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs to live on any more.He is strong enough to pick up this rock.Im rich enough to buy a Lamborghini.,57,不定式,58,不定式,特别注意：so as to既可表示目的，又可表示结果，其位置一般在句中，否定结构用so as not to；He ran quickly so as to catch the last bus.他跑得很快以便赶上那末班车。so.as to只能表示结果，否定结构用so.as not to.,59,不定式,特别注意：不定式短语还可以作独立成分，位于句首、句中或句末，作状语。常见的有：to be exact,to begin with,to be justice,to be sure,to be honest,to tell you the truth等；To tell you the truth,Im not that into music as you thought.To begin with,smoking should be banned in public areas.,60,不定式,To be honest,a lot of people attach greatimportance to becoming rich and famous.The earth,to be sure,is just a teeny-tiny part of the universe.The reason why I hate him so much,to be exact,is that he is just a small person.,61,非谓语动词,62,分词,1.分词的形式：分词有两种，现在分词v-ing和过去分词v-ed；2.分词的语法功能：分词兼具动词、形容词和副词的性质，在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补足语。考试重点一般在时态和语态的判断以及作状语和补足语的使用方面。3.分词有语态（主被动）和时态的变化；4.分词是形容词，动名词是名词；,63,分词,现在分词：1）分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成 一种主谓关系，即主动态。2）现在分词表示一个正在发生的动作；或是表示一个在现在或过去一段时间内经常化的动作。,过去分词:1）分词和与其相关的名词、代词之间构成一种动宾关系，即被动态。2）过去分词表示一个已完成的动作或是表示一个在以前某个未知时间发生的动作。,64,分词,The sleeping baby is my son.那个正在熟睡的婴儿是我的孩子。I really do like the movie called Titanic。我真的很喜欢那部叫做泰坦尼克号的电影。China is a developing country whileAmerica is a developed country.中国是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。,65,分词,现在分词：由动词原形+ing形式组成。具有双重性，一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词的特征，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，是非谓语动词的一种。所有否定式都是在ing前面加not，包括独立主格形式。,66,分词,67,分词,现在分词的两个特点：1.在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如：a developing country.一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较：a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water沸水，risen sun 升起的太阳）2.在语态上表示主动。例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级）,68,分词,（1）现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。Did you see the flying bird？The wind blowing from the North is so cold.Soccer is a sport requiring great durance.,69,分词,The man living in the mountains is old.The house standing on the hill is mine.Did you see a boy running that way?I heard a rumor saying exactly the same thing.,70,分词,这个戴眼镜的女孩是我妹妹。你能看到天上闪烁的星星吗？（闪烁：shine）你认识要来参加会议的人吗？站在那边的男孩是个残疾人。活鱼比死鱼贵。,71,分词,72,分词,The gilr being scolded is my sister.The movie being watched is Transformers.The computer being fixed is mine.The problem being discussed is very serious.The robbery being warned kept running.,73,分词,那个总是谈论政治的人是个白痴。你认识那个穿白衣服的女人不？即将来临的春天让我很高兴。这个哭泣的女人失去了丈夫和孩子。,74,分词,那个正在被研究的生物是一个外星人。（研究：research；生物：creature；外星人：alien）我从来没有听说过这个在被讨论的谣言。（谣言：rumor）快看那只正在被狮子追杀的羚羊。（追杀：hunt；羚羊：antelope）这辆正在被清洗的车是宝马X6。,75,分词,我花了很多精力在这个正在被你们学习的PPT上。这些正在被展览的画是毕加索的真迹。（毕加索：picasso；展览：exhibit）,76,分词,The room having been cleaned is her bedroom.The body having been found turns to be a scientist.The cup having been broken two days ago has been thrown away.I dont like the teacher having been fired.,77,分词,这个已经被送往医院的人是他的弟弟。,78,分词,exciting(令人興奮,刺激的),interesting(令人有興趣的),tiring(令人疲倦的),satisfying(令人滿意的),boring(令人無趣的),confusing(令人困惑的),embarrassing(令人難堪的,