状语从句(完整版)课件.ppt

复合句,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,形容词性从句-定语从句,副词性从句-状语从句,状语从句,状语时用来修饰 词，词，词或 的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从句。分类如下：,动,形容,副,句子,什么是状语？,Ill meet you at 4 oclock.The children are swimming in the river.He was sent to prison for robbery.Can you see without your glasses?With all his efforts,he lost the match.We go to school by bus.He works hard.To help my disabled aunt,I spend an hour working in her house every day.Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.He got to the station finally,only to find the train had left.,状语从句,1.时间状语从句,2.地点状语从句,3.原因状语从句,4.条件状语从句,5.让步状语从句,6.目的状语从句,7.结果状语从句,8.方式状语从句,9.比较状语从句,1.时间状语从句,引导词可分为两部分,as while when whenever before after until(till)since as soon as,every timenext timethe first/timethe momentthe minute/instantlyimmediatelydirectly(一就),as,while,when的区别,as表示“当的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。When(at or during the time)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。从句既可以用延续性动词，也可以用短暂性动词while强调一段时间，仅表示从句和主句的动作同时发生，并且有延续意义，该从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词，从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；当when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。,When,既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可以表示在某一段时间内，表示在某一点的时候when从句用短暂性动词，表示在某一段时间内when从句和延续性动词连用；when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；When+一般过去时（短暂性动词）,主句+过去完成时（从句动作在后,某一点）When+过去完成时（短暂性动词），主句+一般过去时（从句动作在前，某一点）when+一般过去时（短暂性动词），主句+过去进行时（同时发生，某一段）When+过去进行时（延续性动词），主句+过去时（同时发生，某一段）when+一般过去时（延续性动词），主句+过去时（某一段）,while,while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）从句中常用过去进行时态或一般过去时态；While+过去进行时（延续性动词），主句+过去进行时（同时发生）While+过去进行时（延续性动词），主句+过去时While+过去时（延续性动词），主句+过去时While they were watching TV,I was preparing myself for the coming examination.While he was in London，he studied music.当他在伦敦时，他学习音乐。,as,as引导的时间状语从句,可以表达“正当”，“一 边一边”，“随着”等意思。As she grew older,she became more beautiful.,When he had finished his homework，he took a short rest（finished先发生）当他完成作业，他休息了一会儿。When I got to the airport，the guests had left（got to后发生）当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。When he left the house,I was sitting in the garden.当他离开家时，我正在院子里坐着。(短暂性动词)When（while）she was typing the letter,the telephone rang.当她在用打字机打那封信时，电话响了。While they were watching TV,I was preparing myself for the coming examinationAs she grew older,she became more beautiful.,只能用when/while/as,when:(1)主句与从句的动作或事情有先后发生的顺序，只能用when(2)表示“就在那时”,“突然”I was about to start when it began to rain.while(1)While+过去进行时（延续性动词），主句+过去进行时（同时发生）(2)While 表示趁 Strike while the iron ain is hot.趁热打铁。as“随着”As the day went on,the weather got worse.,since引导的时间状语从句,since引导的时间状语从句，常译为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。,例句翻译：我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。,We havent seen each other since we parted.,常用句型：It has been(is)+时间段+since从句“自从有多长时间了”,例句翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了。,It has been(is)six years since she graduated from the university.,until/till引导的时间状语从句,until/till 引导的时间状语从句，常译为“直到时”，表示主句动作发生在从句之前。,当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式。,例句：我会待在这里，直到你回来。,Ill stay here until you come back.,当主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时,主句常用否定形式 not until“直到才”,He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework.Not until he finished his homework did he go to bed.,他直到做完作业才睡觉。,主倒从不倒,as soon as引导的时间状语从句,as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，译为“一就”，表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。从句用一般现在表示将来时,例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。,I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.,相当于as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：immediately,directly,instantly instntli（一就）等.,Will you look for it immediately you get there?,Directly I had done it,I knew I had made a mistake.,名词短语引导的时间状语从句,the(very)moment,the minute,the instant=as soon as the(first)time,the hour,the day,by the time,every time,each time,next time,any time等也可以引导时间状语从句。,I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.,By the time you arrived,the lecture had already ended.,Ill tell you about it the moment you come.,Every time I catch a cold,I have pain in my back.,1.When every time I was in trouble,he would come to help me.2.At next time you come,do remember bring your son here.3.For the first time I met the girl.I felt in love with her.4.You are welcome to come back at any time you want to.5.At the last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.语法规则：,every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名词短语引导状语从句不加介词。,考点:名词短语引导时间状语从句,其他连词引导的时间状语从句,no sooner than(一就)hardly/scarcely/barelywhen刚一就/还没就时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时当no sooner,hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，从句不倒装。,I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off.No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.我还未来得及讲话，他就挂断了电话。He had scarcely entered the room when the phone rang.Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang.,地点状语从句用连接副词 where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。,e.g.a.Just stay where you are.b.Where there is a will,there is a way.c.You can sit wherever you like.d.Wherever you go,Ill be right here waiting for you.,When he reads a book,his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him.A.there B.wherever C.the place D.in which,2.地点状语从句,有时，-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：Everywhere they went,they were kindly received/warmly welcomed.Well go anywhere the Party directs us.,原因状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态所发生的原因。引导这种从句 常用的连接词是：because,as,since,for,now that(既然)considering that（鉴于）seeing that（鉴于，由于),in that（因为）这七个连词都用于表示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱。,He didnt come to school because he was ill.,表示“直接”原因。,3.原因状语从句,Seeing(that)all the guests have arrived,lets have dinner.Considering that they are just beginners,they are doing quite a good job.Now(that)he is absent,youll have to do the work by yourself.,because,since,as,for 用法比较：,because:语气最强，回答why提出的问题，所表示的是直接的因果关系，不能同so连用。Why are you late?Because there is a traffic jam.since:“既然.”表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Since you havent got enough money with you now,you can come and buy it next time.,as:“由于.”语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。（不谈自明的原因，语气最弱）As he had been ready for the worst,he was not disappointed at the result.for放句中，引导后半句表原因,或补充推断的理由。for不能放在句首。It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.,条件状语从句表示主句中的某一动作或状态是在什么情况或条件下发生的。条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示将来。,条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,unless(除非),as/so long as(只要),in case 万一的话 on condition that(假如；在条件下)supposing(that)(假设)=if given(that)=ifprovided(that)=if 倘若；在条件,4.条件状语从句,As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.In case anything important happens,please call me up.Ill come on condition that my parents are invited,too.Given that he supports us,well win the election.如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举。I will come again tomorrow provided(that)I have time.(=if)Supposing(that)it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?(=if),条件状语从句中通常不用将来时态，要用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时，一般过去时或过去完成时代替过去将来时。,在复合句中表示让步概念的状语从句被称为让步状语从句。常用引导词：though,although,even if,even though(即使)no matter+疑问词(what/who/where/when/which/how)疑问词-ever whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever,特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，whether or,whether()or not,5.让步状语从句,考点,though,although,判断以下句子是否正确：Although he is rich,but he is not happy.Although he is rich,yet he is not happy.Although we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.,要点归纳：though,although当“虽然”讲,都不能和 but 连用.但是他们都可以同yet(still)连用.,ever if,even though,even if 和 even though 表示“”,即使,Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.,as引导让步状语从句,as 引导的让步状语从句，必须将从句中的、以及谓语中的 提前至从句句首，作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需。,表语,状语,动词原形,省略,Though he works hard,he makes little progress.,Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.,Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.,Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.,Though you may object,Ill go.,Object as you may,Ill go.,adj./n./adv./v.+as+主语+其他成分,注意：（1）句首名词，名词前不能带任何冠词。（2）句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。“动词+as+主语+助动词”Try hard as he will,he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.,no matter+疑问词 疑问词-ever,No matter what happened,he would not mind.Whatever happened,he would not mind.,替换：no matter what=whatever no matter who=whoever no matter when=whenever no matter where=wherever no matter which=whichever no matter how=however,no matter+疑问词 疑问词-ever,no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever都可以引导让步状语从句但是疑问词-ever还可以引导主语从句，表语从句等名词性从句，而no matter+疑问词则不能。,判断正误：No matter what you say is of no use now.Whatever you say is of no use now.,2.however/no matter how 等引导的让步状语从句中,常将从句中的形容词.副词提到句首,紧跟在however 之后,但从句的主谓语序不倒装.however/no matter how+形容词/副词放在句首,此时主谓不倒装。However difficult computer science is,I will try my best to master it.,whether or,whether()or not,whether or,whether or not 表示“尽管”情况，“不论是否”，“不管是还是”。其引导的从句旨在说明正反两方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果,Whether you believe it or not,it is true.,Youll have to attend the party whether you are free or busy.,while 也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，语气比though/although弱。其引导的从句一般位于。,句首,例句：我尽管喜欢它的颜色，但不喜欢它的形状。,While I like its color,I dont like its shape.,引导目的状语从句的连词:,in order that,用于正式文体中，所引从句可于主句前或后。,so that,a.较常用，一般用于主句后,有时可分开，so 有时可省;从句中要有情态动词,b.无情态动词则引导结果状语从句。,for fear that;in case;lest(以免)等。,6.目的状语从句,We set out early so that we could see the sunrise.我们很早出发以便能看到日出。I put down his address for fear that I should forget it.（生怕，以免；以防万一）Take an umbrella with you,in case(=for fear)it rains/it may rain/it should rain.I shall write it down lest I should forget it.,结果状语从句常位于主句之后，由 so that,such that;so that 等引导。,a.So quickly did he run that I couldnt catch up with him.b.The bus broke down so that we had to walk home.c.She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.,7.结果状语从句,要注意以下几个问题:(1)五种结构：so+adj./adv.+that.such(a/an+adj.)+n.+that.such+(adj.)+n.(u/pl.)+that so+adj.+a/an+n.+that=such a/an+adj.+n.+that.so many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that.He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.他说的太快，我跟不上他。It was such a lovely day/so lovely a day that we all went swimming.今天天气特别好，我们大家都去游泳了。,(2)so或such置于句首时，主句常用倒装。It was such a lovely day/so lovely a day that we all went swimming.Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming.今天天气非常好，我们大家都去游泳了。(3)注意以上结构与定语从句so/such.as的区别。This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.这是一部很有趣的电影,每个人都想去看。This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see.,描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导:as,just as,as if,as though,the way(that),in the way(that)等。,a.We must do as the Party tells us.b.Leave the things as they are.维持现状 c.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.d.It sounds as if it is raining.e.They did it in a way that I had never seen before.他们以我从没见过的方式行事。f.As water is to fish,so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水,8.方式状语从句,as,just as,这两个连词的意思是如，正如一样。just as 比as 语气要强一些。Leave things as they are.Please do as you are told.（也可说Please do as told.）Balloons float in the air just as boats do on the sea.,2.as if,as though由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气的过去式表示现在不符的或与事实相反的情况。She looks as if she is ill.They talked loudly as if nobody were around.He acted as if though nothing had happened.She stood at the door as if(she was)waiting for someone.,比较状语从句常由下列词语引导：as as,not so/as as,morethan,less than,the more+adj./adv.,the more+adj./adv.,a.He is not so/as healthy as his brother.b.They jumped up and down as hard as they could.c.John is less clever than Peter.d.The busier he is,the happier he feels.e.The job is not so difficult as I thought it would be.f.Send for a doctor as soon as(it is)possible.,9.比较状语从句,考点,as.as,the same as,用于同等程度级的比较。否定句用 not so/asas,not the same.as.Our country is as big as the whole of Europe.The result was not as/so good as I had expected.She works in the same building as my sister.,the more.,the more.这是表示比例的比较，意思是越就越。第一个the more 也可以看成是一个条件。The busier he is,the happier he feels.The more difficult the questions are,the less likely I am to be able to answer them.,morethan,肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，与其说还不如说”，“不是.而是”The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar.这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。与其说她聪明,不如说她勤奋.Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.,句型：一些常见的倍数比较句型Our new school is three times bigger than the old one.我们的新学校比老学校大三倍。Our new school is four times as big as the old ne.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。Our new school is four times the size of the old one.我们的新学校是老学校的四倍。,1.“A+be/谓语+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”A 是B 的几倍大/小/高 This tree is three times as tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。His father is twice as old as he.他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。,2.“A+be/谓语+倍数+形容词比较级+than+B”A 比B几倍The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River p:l.长江差不多比珠江长两倍。The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.这本字典比那本恰好贵5倍。,3.“A+be/谓语+倍数+the size/height/length/width+of+B”，表示“A正好是B的多少倍”。This street is four times the length of that one.这条街是那条街的四倍长。This hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。,10.程度状语从句,程度状语从句可用 to such an extent that/to such a degree that 来引导（达到这样的程度以致于）The temperature rose to such an extent that the firemen had to leave the burning building.温度太高,以致于所有消防队员被迫离开那座燃烧的房屋。The temperature lowered to such a degree that the water froze.,试比较：The temperature rose so high that the firemen had to leave the burning building.The temperature lowered so much that the water froze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。,“as”用于不同的状语从句中1.She sang as she worked.（一边一边）2.As children get older,they be come more and more interested in everything.(随着，时间状语从句)3.Smart as he is,he doesnt study hard.(虽然,让步）4.You must try to do as I did.（正如，方式状语）5.As she was late for class,she had to say sorry.（因为，原因状语）6.I dont speak English as well as he does.(像，比较状语从句),While I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.(while=_)时间While I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.(while=_)（让步）While there is life there is hope.(while=_)（条件）He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.（并列连词，表对比，译为“而”）,when,although,as long as,While 在句中的不同含义:,一.状语从句的时态问题1、The football match will be put off if it _(rain)2.He will go with you as soon as he _(finish)his homework.3.He _(get)to the station than the train left.(他一到达车站火车就开走了，过去完成时)在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时.,rains,finishes,had no sooner got,二.状语从句的倒装和省略_,(虽然他聪明),he doesnt study well.So clever _(he,be)that we all like him.Though_(praise),she was still very modest.4._(如果有必要),you may keep the book for another week.,is he,Clever as he is,praised,If necessary,当状语从句和主句从句的主语一致时，一般省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。(1)连接词+过去分词 Unless repaired,the washing machine is no use.除非洗衣机被修好了，否则它就没用了。(2)连词+现在分词 Look out while crossing the street.过马路时，要小心。(3)连词+形容词 When(she was)very young,she began to learn to play the piano.,状语从句中的省略现象,（4）连词+名词He acts as if a fool.他表现得就好像是个傻子一样。注意：当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句主语是 it，从句中又含有系动词be 的某种形式时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。常见的有if necessary,if possible,when necessary,if any等。If(it is)necessary,ring me at home.如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。,常见状语从句可用省略形式：even if,if,once,while,though,unless,when,as if The flower his friends gave him will die unless(it is)watered every day.Even if(I am)invited,I wont go there.Once(you are)caught sleeping in class,youll be punished by your head-teacher.Though(he was)surprised to see us,he gave us a warm welcome.When(it is)compared with the old one,our new house is really like a palace.These young man volunteered to go wherever(they are)needed.Before leaving,turn off all the lights.She has finished the work earlier than(it has been)expected.,注意区分不同从句 引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where和as为例，能引导多种从句。1.You are to find it where you left it.（地点状语从句）2.Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句，句中有先行词）3.I dont know where he came from.（宾语从句）4.Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）5.This place is where they once