商务英语自考报名 第11单元 根据句意的变通翻综课件.ppt

根据句意的变通翻译法,第十一单元,Warm-up,After witnessing the uninterrupted ascent of the US economy over the past decade without any sharp rises in wage costs or inflation,many Americans thought their economy had developed into a so-called“new economy”.witness 见证 vt.uninterrupted 不间断的 adj.ascent 上升、攀登 n.wage cost 工资成本inflation 通货膨胀 so-called 所谓的在见证了过去十年中美国经济持续上升而工资成本或通货膨胀未见急剧增加之后，很多美国人就认为，美国经济已经演进成一种所谓的“新经济”了。,翻译方法解释：变通翻译法,变通是指在翻译过程中，在保证原文主题意义不变的前提下对局部的灵活处理，或者说是在不能采用常规手段实现对应转换的情况下，而摆脱常规、采取不同程度和形式的代偿手段。变通手法的使用必须以传达原文的精神实质为目的。,两种变通翻译法,词汇层面的变通手段：增益翻译法、凝练翻译法、词类转换翻译法、词义引申翻译法。句法层面的变通手段：正说反译、反说正译、视角转移、级转移、语序转换(倒装语序向自然语序)翻译法等,1.词汇层面变通 例析,The dollar buying increased Japans foreign exchange reserves(外汇贮备)by 50 percent on a year-on-year basis.与去年同期的数字相比，美元的购入给日本增加了50%的外汇贮备。Multinational corporations(跨国公司)have become so dominant in some foreign market that they are now the object of political economic scrutiny(监视).各跨国公司在一些国外市场上已充分占据了主导地位，它们现在变成了在政治上、经济上受到监督的目标。,1.词汇层面变通 例析,As a good corporate citizen,the Company actively contributes to each community(社区)in which it conducts business.作为一个好的市民企业，该公司在其所经营业务的每一个社区都在做着积极的贡献。At the financial statement date(财政结算日)of December 3,2010,the corporation signed an agreement to borrow up to 1 million dollars to refinance(再融资)the notes payable(到期应付的票据)on a long-term basis.在2010年12月31日的财政决算日，该公司签署了一项借款高达1百万美元的协议，以便长期对到期应付的票据进行再次融资。,2.句法层面变通：1）正说反译、反说正译,1）正说反译、反说正译翻译法：在翻译过程中,所涉及的两种语言 在概念命名、话题表述、情态表达、强调分布时的角度、侧重面、着眼点及特征选择或描摹方式等方面存在差异，所以翻译时，需要在正说和反说的陈述方式上进行转换。eg.self-service banking（正说）：自助银行服务（正说）self-service bookstand（正说，主观）：无人售书摊/处（反说，客观）中英文正、反说表达列举 P103,1）正说反译、反说正译 例析,Huge investment costs,such as those for developing environment-friendly(环保的)technology,have made it difficult for an automaker(汽车制造商)to survive competition on its own.高额投资成本，如开发环境保护技术等，使得汽车制造商难以靠自身在竞争中立于不败之地。(正说反译)Authors of books and magazines have been denied lending rights(借阅权)in light of(鉴于)the fact that small book rental stores(出租书店)have contributed to the development of the nations publishing industry(出版业).鉴于各家小型出租书店对国内出版业做出了贡献这一事实，法律不允许书籍和杂志的作者们享有借阅权。(正说反译),1）正说反译、反说正译 例析,One of the intentions of the government to introduce various regulation measures is to discourage excessive competition.政府出台不同管制措施的意图之一就是为了防止过度竞争。（反说正译）The government should not hesitate to intervene(干预)in the currency market through bold yen-selling and dollar-buying operations.政府应通过大胆的日元卖出和美元买进的运作方式及时干预货币(汇兑)市场。（反说正译）,2.句法层面变通：2）视角转换翻译法,2）视角转换翻译法：在翻译中，由于英汉语言差异而导致描述事物时出现视角差异，为使译文忠实、通畅，将译文以不同于原文的叙述视角但却充分传达原文精神实质的方法。在此主要是指时空站位方面的转换，即从何处着眼。Problems arising from the declining(下降)birthrate and graying of the population were recognized nearly half a century ago.半个世纪以前，人们就已经注意到出生率下降和人口老龄化所带来的各种问题。,2.句法层面变通：2）视角转换翻译法,Acceleration of the disposal(处理)of bad loans(不良贷款)has been criticized as causing the current economic plight(困境),with falling stock prices and financial uncertainty.一直以来，人们批评对不良贷款的加速处理是造成当前股票持续下跌、金融没有稳定性、经济出现困难的根本原因。Unemployment in America(as of mid-1990)was running near 5.25%.That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment,but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。按以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。,2.句法层面变通：2）视角转换翻译法,The conviction was growing in economic and financial circles(界)that the Union would have withstood the recession(衰退)more successfully if the single currency had existed.To this end,Eurozone(欧元区)member must also make significant progress toward convergence(趋同)of their economies.经济圈和金融界越来越相信，如果已经有了单一货币的话，欧盟就能更成功地抵御因衰退而带来的影响。为了这个目标，欧元区的成员也必须致力于更高程度的经济共通性。,2.句法层面变通：3）级转移翻译法,3）级(rank)转移翻译法：英语中的级,如词素-词汇-短语-小句-句子，不一定能在汉语找到对应的级别表达，需要进行级转移。在翻译中，因翻译所涉及的两种语言之间存在着“级”差异而采用与原文中的“级”不对应的表达方式的做法。We recognize that Chinas long-term modernization(现代化)program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.我们认识到，中国长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点，这是可以理解的，也是必要的。（把原文的副词改变为独立的句子来译出）,3）级转移翻译法例析,Yet it is painfully apparent that millions of Americans who would never think of themselves as law-breakers,let alone criminals,are taking increasing liberties with the legal codes that are designed to protect and nourish their society.然而，显而易见的是，成百上千万不认为自己是违法人员，更不用说是罪犯的美国人，对于旨在保护和养育他们社会的法律条款，却越来越肆意妄为地进行曲解，这真是令人心痛。,2.句法层面变通：4）语序转换翻译法,4）语序转换翻译法：在翻译中，将原文中的自然语序向目的语中的倒装语序进行转换；或者将原文中的倒装语序向目的语中的自然语序进行转换。英语中常使用倒装语序，第二种情况更常见。,4）语序转换翻译法例析,Should the seller fail to effect delivery(交货)on time as stipulated in this Contract owing to causes other than Force Majeure(不可抗力)as provided for in Clause V of the Contract,the Buyers shall have the right to cancel the relative quantity of the Contract.若因本合同第五条款所规定的不可抗力因素之外的其他原因，卖方未能及时按照本合同要求交货，则买方有权取消本合同中相应的数额。,4）语序转换翻译法例析,Enclosed here please find a full range of catalogues covering the textile accessories inquired in your letter dated August 16.随函附上贵方8月16日来函中有关纺织品询价的全套价目单。对比两译文 P108,不同译文鉴赏P109,market share 市场份额acquisition 获得、习得technological prowess 技术本领economic slowdown 经济衰退merger and acquisition 并购Which one is better?,下页：Exercise 将下列英语词汇译成汉语,economic slowdowntake liberties withforeign exchange reserves on a year-on-year basismultinational corporationto conduct businessfinancial statement dateexcessive competitionbook rental storethe declining birthratedisposal of bad loansfinancial recession merger and acquisitionmerger considerationsynergyprowesstechnological prowesswithdraw depositswithdraw from marketwithdraw of capitalshut outloading portstorage expenseinsurance premium,经济减缓随意对待外汇储备与去年同期(的数字)相比跨国公司经营业务过度竞争财政决算日书籍出租店出生率下降对不良贷款的处理金融衰退并购、企业的吸收合并合并的报酬协同作用、增效作用非凡能力、高超本领技术高超能力提取存款退出市场撤回资本退关装货港保管费、堆存费保险费,Preparation for exercise:expressions,withdrawn 撤销replace 替换delay 延迟shut out 退关eventually 最终in good time及时delivery of cargo 交货calculation 计算storage expense管理费insurance premium 保险费sustain 遭受be based on 依据、按照loading port 装货港notify/inform 通知agent 代理人,Exercise,Should the vessel be withdrawn or replaced or delayed eventually or the cargo be shut out etc.and the seller be not informed in good time to stop delivery of the cargo,the calculation of the loss in storage expenses and insurance premium thus sustained at the loading port shall be based on the loading date notified by the agent to the seller.若船只最终被撤换或延误或者货物被退关，而买方又未得到及时的通知停止交货，则因此而在装货港内发生的在管理费和保险费方面的损失应根据由代理人通知卖方的装运日期来计算。,Finish the remained exercises,Thank You!,更多自考课件可登陆http:/,