专升本英语主谓一致课件.ppt

,主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.,并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Reading and writing are very important.读写很重要。注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。The worker and poet has published many peoms recently.,往年例题The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A.isB.was C.are D.were注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。,常考：主谓一致中的靠近原则 1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。2）当either or 与neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：Either you or she is to go.不是你去，就是她去。Here is a pen,a few envelops and some paper for you.给你笔、信封和纸。,谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with,together with,like,except,as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：The teacher,together with some students,is visiting the factory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。He,as well as I,wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。,常考：谓语需用单数 1）代词each以及由every,some,no,any,neither等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每人都有录音机。Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.Neither of them drinks coffee.2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English.天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。,3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.用三个星期来做准备。Ten yuan is enough.十元够了。4).a pair of,a couple of,a series of（一系列），作主语时。A pair of shoes is what he needs.A series of TV programs is on today.There is a couple of questions I want to ask you.,意义决定谓语的单复数 主语的单复数意义决定谓语的单复数：The class are doing the exercises.The class which I teach is a very good one.The family is the basic unit of society.家庭是社会基本单位。The family have agreed to spend their vacation in Italy.Our team has won the game.Our team are discussing the matter of how to win.All is right.一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。,可见：集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew船员,crowd,class,company等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：His family isnt very large.他家成员不多。His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。注意：但集合名词people,police在任何情况下都用复数形式。Are there any police around?附近有警察吗？,易考：特殊情况：1.A number of+复数名词The number of+复数名词A number of students have been able to use English to enjoy themselves.一定数量的学生已经能用英语得到快乐。The number of students who dont enjoy learning English in China is still rising.在中国得不到学习英语快乐的学生的数字还在增加。,An average of+复数名词The average of+复数名词An average of 3000 letters a month are received by the government.The average of letters received each month is 3000.,2.many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。More than one questions was asked.不止问了一个问题。3.a+单数+or two 用单数。A day or two is needed to complete this project.完成这项任务需要一两天。4.Not only-but also:要和but also 后一致：Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.(就近原则）,5.As well as 与第一个名词一致：The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.I as well as they am ready to help you.6.one+of+复数结构后的定语从句要求与复数一致。This is one of the best books that have appeared.这是出现的最好的书之一。但也有跟one 的情况：She is one of those women who doesnt know a thing about English.她是丝毫不懂英语的妇女之一。,6.短语、从句,句子,不定式，动名词作主语要求用单数。No news is good news.Reading in the morning is best for me.“How do you do?”is not a question but a greeting.To master at least a foreign language is very necessary at present.When they will start the journey has not been decided.,Exercises,B,D,C,1.Ten percent of the workers in this city _ now on strike.A.is B.are C.is to be D.are to be2.Not only you and I but Peter,the top student in our grade _ not able to solve the problem.A.areB.wereC.amD.is3.The government _ hoping to make their findings known soon.A.isB.has beenC.areD.be,Exercises,4.Today there _ a number of telephone calls from the applicants for the position.A.have been B.is having C.has been D.are to have5.The nation wants peace;only a minority _ the war to continue.A.want B.wants C.wanted D.hast wanted6.The play writer and director _ promised to attend our tea party.A.Have B.has C.are D.is,B,A,A,Exercises,7.Another three weeks _ necessary for us to finish the work.A.are B.was C.is D.will have been8)Whether or not the new plan will yield any positive results _ to be seen.A.remain B.is remained C.remains D.have remained,C,C,Exercises,10)Collecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past ten years.A.became B.becomes C.has become D.have become11)Half of the audience _ foreigners.A.was B.were C.had been D.has been,B,c,Exercises,14）E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication A.are playing B.have played C.is playing D.play 15)A new TV series _ handicapped残疾的 children that they can and should think about career development.A.have taught B.teaches C.teach D.were taught,B,C,