2020雅思阅读词汇积累技巧.doc
2020雅思阅读词汇积累技巧 雅思阅读词汇涉及的范围很宽，所以大家在做雅思阅读的时候很容易遇到生词。下面就和大家分享雅思阅读词汇积累技巧，来欣赏一下吧。雅思阅读词汇积累技巧一. 雅思阅读遇到生词先猜词雅思阅读因为涉及的词汇量比较多，所以在做雅思阅读的时候遇到生词很常见，大家只要在备考的过程中注意积累就可以了，不必过于慌张。那么，阅读中遇到生词应该如何积累呢?是否应该立即查词典呢?其实直接查词典是不利于记忆生词的，大家可以在查词典之前先猜测生词的意思。猜测生词释义的方法有很多种，比如根据你积累的词根词缀来猜词，根据上下文猜测，根据文中对应词汇猜测等等。猜词完成以后再去查单词不仅能够加深对词汇的印象，还能在猜词练习中提高自己的猜词能力，考试中遇到不认识的词汇时也有更大概率猜出生词的意思。二. 雅思阅读词汇积累之分类记小站雅思君想给大家分享的第二个雅思阅读词汇积累技巧是分类记忆。词汇分类记忆对于提升记忆效果和阅读做题速度都很有帮助。如果你将所有的生词集中到一起时来背很容易记混乱，如果你将词汇按类别分开，不但背起来省力很多，下次遇到该类型阅读*的时候还能迅速回忆起这些词汇，做题速度会大大提升。另外，雅思阅读中涉及的生词有的也会在听力口语或写作中涉及到，不同版块涉猎的词汇背记要求不同，如果是一些只会在阅读中涉及的长难词，做到认识即可，如果在口语和写作中也有涉及的话，不仅要认识还要掌握词汇用法。三. 雅思阅读词汇积累之常复习雅思阅读词汇虽然要要求不高，但是也不能一遍过。通常情况下，如果我们记忆词汇只记一遍的话，忆效果不牢靠很容易遗忘。所以，积累雅思阅读词汇时也要常常复习。建议第一天复习频率高一些，总体达到6-7遍，之后重点记忆难记的词即可。另外一个复习的方法就是多做题，在题目中再次遇到生词也相当于是对词汇的复习。雅思阅读：常用技巧之同义转换雅思阅读同义词转换一、词的转换1. 相同词性的同义替换：相同词性的同义替换一般指的是只涉及单个单词的转换。单个单词的转换包括词性转换及同义词转换。其中词性转换是相对简单的一种，词汇量可观的考生自然可以游刃有余，轻松应对;即便不认识被转换了的单词的考生，也可以通过词根词缀以及上下文进行猜测。例如：Example 1:One of the brainsmost difficult tasks is toA. react to their ownthoughtsB. helped createlanguage in humansC. respond instantlyto whatever is happening题干中的核心信息most difficult应该在读题的过程中被考生捕捉到，在定位时应充分考虑到被代换的可能性;另外备考时训练充分有素的考生还会考虑到句子结构的整体顺序的不同。这样，当定位到原文的对应信息句：Making a rapidemotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding jobfor the brain, animal or human.考生应该能够敏锐地发现extremelydemanding是most difficult的代换，由此确定该句所表达的意思是正确答案，在list中搜寻正确的选项时，句子中的内容被再一次代换，其中原文中 rapidemotional assessment of the events被代换为respond instantly towhatever is happening, 至此，答案为C。Example 2:It has been suggestedthat children hold mistaken views about the pure science that they study atschool. 根据pure定位到文中第二段第一行Manystudies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about pure science,curriculum science. 短短一句话我们可以发现有三组四处同义替换，分别为suggested-shown;hold-harbour; mistaken views-misconceptions; science that they study atschool-curriculum science. 因此答案为TRUE。Example 3:Some people maybelieve that the teacher- subjects behavior could be explained as a positivesurvival mechanism.可以看出句中positive和survival是关键词，由句中出现的survivalmechanism可判断为是从生物角度来谈论的，又因为原文的F段首句：Onesfirst inclination might be to argue that there are must be some sort of built inanimal aggression instinct that 中提到了相关内容，所以定位到该段。迅速扫描，搜寻和两个关键词对应的信息，除了在该段第六行出现了原词重现的survival, 还在上一行出现了advantageous, 显然是positive的代换。由于原文跟题目中的信息吻合，所以答案是TRUE。2. 不同词性的同义替换：不同词性同义代换顾名思义，就是在代换时不受词性的限制，比如：obvious换成clearly; similar换成resemble等。Example 1:Despite substantialfunding, results (of this program) have been disappointing.代换为：This program failedalthough they received sufficient funding.因为把disappointing换成了failed, “although”代换了“inspite of”, 通过词的代换就会很自然的实现英文中提倡的句式多样性。雅思阅读同义词转换二、词组的转换词组的转换一般情况下是同义词转换的一个衍生。当一个词无法用另一个同义词到位地解释时，可能会出现用词组解释的情况。另外如果本身就是词组的形式，那么通常来讲还是会用词组的形式进行解释。例如：Example 1:原文：Computers are gainingin popularity, despite their cost.题目：Computers are morepopular than they used to be.原文当中的gaining in popularity题目中用morepopular than they used to be作为替换。两者在意思上属于完全一致的同义转换，因此答案为TRUE。Example 2:原文：Biologically, aspecies becomes extinct when its last individual dies.题目：In biological terms,a species is said to be extinct when only one individual exists.原文当中的biologically用题目的inbiological terms作为替换。Become则由issaid to be作为替换。但是原文当中的die在题目中变成了exist, 直接相反的意思。介于最后这一处的转换与原文信息不符，可以判断出此题答案是FALSE。Example 3:There were severalreasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, among themthe great advances that had been made in the field of _and the search foralternatives to natural resources like ivory.解析：根据nineteenth century定位到文中第二段.Theimpetus behind the development of these early plastics was generated by anumber of factors- immense technological progress in the domain ofchemistry,.其中，in the field of意思等同于inthe domain of“在.领域”，因此答案为chemistry。In recent years, manyof them have been obliged to give up their _ lifestyle, but they continueto depend mainly on _ for their food and clothes.解析：根据上下文定位到文中 Overthe past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in theterritorys 18 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature toprovide food and clothing. 因为大多数同学都认识abandon, 更知道giveup是“放弃”的意思，属于单词与词组的替换，因此第一个空填nomadic,lifestyle“生活方式”与ways替换，dependmainly on与rely heavily on属于词组与词组的替换，意为“依赖.”，答案为nature。综上所述，同义词替换在雅思阅读中的重要作用显而易见。提醒广大考生在平时一定要注意多积累，比如在背单词的时候，就不能只满足于记住单词本身，还应该多想想这个单词有什么同义、近义词，以及词组的代换，这样在雅思阅读中就能取得好的成绩。雅思阅读材料：谁来解救乌克兰The Ukrainian crisis is quickly becoming a geostrategic conflict. The Crimean parliaments declaration of independence from Ukraine ahead of the March 16 referendum indicates Crimea may possibly join Russia. As Russian President Vladimir Putin maneuvers to restore Russias right to behave with a superpowers impunity-particularly in its own backyard-the West pushes back.But economic forces also have shaped this confrontation, especially Ukraines record as the worlds worst performing industrial economy over the last 20 years.It was popular discontent with this disastrous performance that fomented the recent dissent. This, in turn, triggered a bloody response from ousted Crimean President Viktor Yanukovych. His response consolidated the opposition-and ultimately cost Yanukovych his job.Beyond this weeks political and military maneuvers, the outstanding question is: Who will bail out the Ukrainian economy? Russia, or the EU and the United States? A bailout will be the price of drawing Ukraine into one of the two trading systems on offer.Stated simply, Ukraine is the economic equivalent of a failed state. After gaining independence in 1991, the country moved briefly to liberalize its economy along the same lines as most of Eastern and Central Europe.However, Ukraine soon jettisoned its reforms in favor of the state-oligarch model, which was also evolving in Russia. Some 20 years later, Ukraines GDP has shrunk 30 percent.Even Russias sorry economy is 20 percent larger than it was in 1991. And Polands economy, which looked much like Ukraines in 1991, has grown 130 percent over the same period.Ukraines economic performance has been so terrible and for so long that its sovereign debt issues are now considered the equivalent of junk bonds. Even before the crisis, Ukraines credit rating was worse than Greeces. And it was no better than that of Argentina, a global financial pariah for its mismanaged debt defaults and summary expropriations of foreign-owned companies.Ukraines debts will soon be due, with some $15 billion in sovereign bonds maturing this year and another $15 billion in 20XX. With a current account deficit equal to 8 percent of its GDP, Ukraine cannot pay off and refinance those debts without large-scale aid-$20 billion to $25 billion-and affiliating itself with a larger trading system.An economic and trade alliance with Russia would deliver the bailout, but with little prospects of improving the underlying economy.The European Union and the United States (through the International Monetary Fund) also are prepared to provide the bailout if the Ukrainian government accepts far-reaching economic reforms. The EU-US/IMF reforms should lead to better economic times down the road.But they also would mean more short-term hardships for ordinary Ukrainians. Thats why Yanukovych sided with Putin.With a new, pro-Western government in charge in Kiev, Ukraines fate may well lie in the hands of Europe and the United States. Their choice is simple to state, if difficult to execute: Do they put sufficient economic and diplomatic pressure on Putin, to convince him to pocket his own bailout-and let the West pick up the pieces?The author is co-founder and chairman of Sonecon, LLC, a private company that advises US and foreign businesses, governments and non-profit organizations.乌克兰危机正迅速成为一个地缘战略冲突。克里米亚脱离乌克兰的独立宣言是要表明克里米亚真有可能入俄。俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔普京竭力恢复俄罗斯超级大国免责权尤其在自家后院西方国家则迎头反击。乌克兰的经济状况也引发了这一冲突，乌克兰过去20年沦为世界上最落后的工业化国家。正是民众对经济糟糕状况的不满激起了最近这场抗议活动。反过来，这又引发时任总统维克多亚努科维奇的残酷镇压，反对派于是众志成城最终把亚努科维奇赶下了台。除了经济军事较量，最突出的问题是：谁将解救乌克兰经济?俄罗斯、欧盟还是美国?解救乌克兰的代价便是把乌克兰带入其中一个现有的贸易体系。简单地说，乌克兰经济上等同于失败的国家。1991年独立后，该国迅速实行经济自由化，但很快放弃了改革，转投国家寡头政治模式，而当时这也在俄罗斯盛行。大约20年后，乌克兰GDP缩水30%。即便糟糕的俄罗斯经济也比1991年增长了20%。与此同时，1991年酷似乌克兰状况的波兰经济同期增长130%。如今，乌克兰国债已被视为垃圾债券。即使在危机之前，乌克兰信贷评级比希腊还要低，比阿根廷也好不到哪里去。阿根廷由于管理不当，拖欠债务并没收外资企业，沦为全球金融弃儿。乌克兰150多亿美元国债将在今年到期，还有150亿美元20XX年到期。目前乌克兰经常账户赤字相当于GDP的8%。如果没有巨额援助-200亿美元到250亿美元-或不加入到一个更大的贸易体系中，乌克兰不可能筹资偿还债务。成为俄罗斯的经济贸易盟友会保证得到救助，但经济根本改善的希望渺茫。如果乌克兰政府愿意接受广泛深度的经济改革，欧盟和美国(通过国际货币基金组织)也愿意提供救助金。这应该会带来更好的经济发展。但与西方联合也意味着普通乌克兰人会陷入更多的短期困境。这也是为什么亚努科维奇站在普京一边。随着基辅亲西方政府执政，乌克兰的命运很有可能掌握在欧洲和美国的手中。他们的选择简单但难以实施：用足够的经济外交压力迫使普京收回自己的救助资金，而让西方国家来收拾残局?
