电磁场有限元分析2解读ppt课件.ppt
No.1,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,低频电磁场有限元分析（ANSYS）,孙岩桦 副教授M&ISI,School of MEXian Jiaotong Univ.Xian,Shaanxi,P.R.China,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.2,3 2D 静态分析3.1 所用单元3.2 分析区域类型3.3 常用材料属性3.4 分析步骤 3.5 实例电磁作动器,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.3,3.1 所用单元,(1)2D实体单元,(2)远场单元,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.4,(3)通用电路单元,(4)接触单元,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.5,1）空气自由度：AZ 材料属性：r(MURX),(RSVX)2）铁磁性物质自由度：AZ材料属性：r(MURX)或B-H曲线,3）永磁体自由度：AZ材料属性：r(MURX)或B-H曲线,Hc(MGXX,MGYY),3.2 分析区域类型,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.6,/PREP7HC=3000!Coercive forceBR=4000!Residual inductionTHETA=30!Permanent magnet orientation*AFUN,DEG!Angular parametric functions in degreesMP,MGXX,2,HC!X component of coercive force,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.7,!B-H curve:TB,BH,2!B-H curve for material 2TBPT,DEFI,-3000+HC,0!Shifted B-H curveTBPT,-2800+HC,500!First field defaults to DEFITBPT,-2550+HC,1000TBPT,-2250+HC,1500TBPT,-2000+HC,1800TBPT,-1800+HC,2000TBPT,-1350+HC,2500TBPT,-900+HC,3000TBPT,-425+HC,3500TBPT,0+HC,4000TBPLOT,BH,2!Plot of B vs.H,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.8,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.9,4）电流激励多股线圈自由度：AZ材料属性：r 用 BFE命令施加单元电流密度JS5）电压激励多股线圈(PLANE53)自由度：AZ，CURR材料属性：r(MURX),(RSVX)实常数：CARE,TURN,LENG,DIRZ,FILL用 BFE命令施加电压VLTG耦合区域内所有单元的CURR自由度，因为CURR是流过每匝线圈的电流,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.10,(RSVX):各向同性实常数：CARE：线圈横截面积TURN：线圈匝数LENG：线圈长度，用来计算电特性DIRZ：电流方向FILL：填充系数，影响线圈电阻,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.11,6）运动导体自由度：AZ材料属性：r(MURX)或B-H曲线,(RSVX)（各向同性）实常数：VELOX,VELOY,OMEGAZ,XLOC,YLOC导体运动时区域的空间位置和属性不发生变化，典型应用：实心转子感应电机直线感应电机涡流刹车系统磁轴承,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.12,运动导体分析时所用实常数VELOX,VELOY：全局笛卡尔坐标系中速度分量ZOMEGAZ：旋转角速度,单位：HzXLOC,YLOC：旋转轴在全局笛卡尔坐标系中位置分析时计算精度受集肤效应影响，与下面因素有关：网格剖分的精细程度相对磁导率电导率速度可以用磁雷诺数来衡量（数量级1.0之内有较高精度）：磁导率运动速度电阻率沿运动方向特征长度,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.13,7）不同网格边界自由度：AZ接触单元：TARGE169,CONTA171,CONTA172,CONTA175,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.14,ANSYS 材料库中预定义了如下材料的属性：如果同一材料同时给定B-H曲线和ur，那么使用ur可以指定各向异性相对磁导率，MURX,MURY,MURZ可以同时用ur和B-H曲线指定各方向磁导率，若ur=0,则使用B-H曲线mp,murx,2,1000 mp,mury,2,0!read B-H curve for material 2mp,murz,2,1000,3.3 常用材料属性,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.15,设置分析环境(/prep7)：建立分析模型、剖分网格并给每个区域设定属性参数施加边界条件和载荷（或激励）求解后处理（/post1）,3.4 分析步骤,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.16,1）边界条件和载荷,a）边界条件磁通垂直（缺省）：磁通平行:AZ=0远场:INFIN9,INFIN110周期性:外部场:直接给定节点AZ值b）激励源电流密度（JS）：BFE,BFA电压降（VLTG）：BFE,BFAc）标记（FLAG）力标记：FMAGBC宏可以直接给物体上施加麦克斯韦应力和虚位移表面标记，以识别需要计算电磁力和力矩的物体。无限大表面：用来表示指向无限大开区域的单元d）其它线电流（CSGX）麦克斯韦表面：在包围铁磁体的空气单元上施加磁虚位移：在和空气接触的铁磁体边界节点上施加,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.17,2）分析选项,a）分析类型：ANTYPE,STATICb）求解算法SparseFrontal solver(缺省)Jacobi Conjugate Gradient(JCG)solverJCG out-of-memory solverIncomplete Cholesky Conjugate Gradient(ICCG)solverPreconditioned Conjugate Gradient solver(PCG)PCG out-of-memory solverc）注意事项一般采用Sparse或Frontal solver模型很大是，可以采用JCG或PCG solver如果是电压激励或包含速度效应时，只能用sparse,frontal,JCG,ICCG solver电路激励时，只能用Sparse或Frontal solver,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.18,3）后处理,基本结果：节点电磁自由度(AZ,CURR)间接结果：节点磁密(BX,BY,BSUM)节点磁场强度(HX,HY,HSUM)节点电磁力(FMAG:X,Y分量,SUM)节点感生线电流(CSGZ)单元源电流密度(JSZ)单位体积焦耳热(JHEAT).等.,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.19,结果显示：磁力线：等AZ线等高线向量图电磁力、力矩：电参数：线圈电阻电感,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.20,其它宏：CURR2D：calculates current flow in a 2-D conductor.EMAGERR：calculates the relative error in an electrostatic or electromagnetic field analysis.FLUXV：calculates the flux passing through a closed contour.FMAGSUM：summarizes electromagnetic force calculations on element components.FOR2D：calculates magnetic forces on a body.MMF：calculates magnetomotive force along a path.PLF2D：generates a contour line plot of equipotentials.SENERGY：determines the stored magnetic energy or co-energy.TORQ2D：calculates torque on a body in a magnetic field.TORQC2D：calculates torque on a body in a magnetic field based on a circular path.TORQSUM：summarizes electromagnetic Maxwell and Virtual work torque calculations on element components for 2-D planar problems.,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.21,假定：没有磁饱和周围没有漏磁,3.5 实例电磁作动器,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.22,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.23,！设置分析环境/PREP7/TITLE,2-D Solenoid Actuator Static Analysis！定义单元类型和材料属性ET,1,PLANE53!Define PLANE 53 as element type KEYOPT,1,3,1!Use axisymmetric analysis option MP,MURX,1,1!Define material properties(permeability)MP,MURX,2,1000!Permeability of backiron MP,MURX,3,1!Permeability of coil MP,MURX,4,2000!Permeability of armature,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.24,！定义常量和变量参数/com,!Set parameter values for analysis n=650!Number of coil turns i=1.0!Current per turn ta=.75!Model dimensions(centimeters)tb=.75 tc=.50 td=.75 wc=1 hc=2 gap=.25 space=.25 ws=wc+2*space hs=hc+.75 w=ta+ws+tc hb=tb+hs h=hb+gap+td acoil=wc*hc!Cross-section area of coil(cm*2)jdens=n*i/acoil!Current density(A/cm*2),1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.25,！建立实体模型/PNUM,AREA,1 RECTNG,0,w,0,tb!Create rectangular areas RECTNG,0,w,tb,hb RECTNG,ta,ta+ws,0,hRECTNG,ta+space,ta+space+wc,tb+space,tb+space+hc AOVLAP,ALL RECTNG,0,w,0,hb+gap RECTNG,0,w,0,h AOVLAP,ALL NUMCMP,AREA!Compress out unused area numbers APLOT,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.26,！设定区域材料属性ASEL,S,AREA,2!Assign attributes to coil AATT,3,1,1,0 ASEL,S,AREA,1!Assign attributes to armature ASEL,A,AREA,12,13 AATT,4,1,1 ASEL,S,AREA,3,5!Assign attributes to backiron ASEL,A,AREA,7,8 AATT,2,1,1,0/PNUM,MAT,1!Turn material numbers on ALLSEL,ALL APLOT!Plot areas,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.27,！剖分单元网格SMRTSIZE,4!Set smart size meshing level 4(fine)AMESH,ALL!Mesh all areas！定义力边界ESEL,S,MAT,4!Select armature elements CM,ARM,ELEM!Define armature as a component FMAGBC,ARM!Apply force boundary conditions to armature ALLSEL,ALL ARSCAL,ALL,.01,.01,1,1!Scale model to MKS(meters)FINISH,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.28,！施加边界条件和载荷/SOLU ESEL,S,MAT,3!Select coil elements BFE,ALL,JS,1,jdens/.01*2!Apply current density(A/m*2)ESEL,ALL NSEL,EXT!Select exterior nodes D,ALL,AZ,0!Set potentials to zero(flux-parallel)ALLSEL,ALL FINISH！求解/SOLU MAGSOLV!Solve magnetic field SAVE FINISH,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.29,！后处理，检查计算结果/POST1 PLF2D!Plot flux lines in the model FMAGSUM!Summarize magnetic forces PLVECT,B,VECT,ELEM,ON!Plot flux density as vectors/GRAPHICS,POWER!Turn PowerGraphics on AVRES,2!Dont average results across materials PLNSOL,B,SUM!Plot flux density magnitude FINISH,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.30,4 2D 时谐分析4.1 导体模型4.2 振幅、初相位和频率,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.31,正旋变化的交变磁场在导体内会感应出涡流，在时谐分析中提供了更多的导体模型,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.32,1）短路实心导体自由度：AZ材料属性：r(RSVX)产生的涡流在回路内流动，无电压降,4.1 导体模型,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.33,2）开路实心导体自由度：AZ，VOLT材料属性：r(RSVX)所有的VOLT自由度需耦合,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.34,3）电流激励实心导体自由度：AZ，VOLT材料属性：r(RSVX)所有的VOLT自由度需耦合,在其中一个节点上给定电流,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.35,4）电流激励多股线圈自由度：AZ材料属性：r 用 BFE命令施加单元电流密度JS5）电压激励多股线圈(PLANE53)自由度：AZ，CURR材料属性：r(MURX),(RSVX)实常数：CARE,TURN,LENG,DIRZ,FILL用 BFE命令施加电压VLTG耦合区域内所有单元的CURR自由度，因为CURR是流过每匝线圈的电流,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.36,6）单端共地多根实心导体自由度：AZ，VOLT材料属性：r(RSVX)所有的VOLT自由度需耦合用来仿真鼠笼转子等器件，忽略端部效应,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.37,7）电路激励多股线圈自由度：AZ，CURR,EMF材料属性：r(RSVX)实常数：CARE,TURN,LENG,DIRZ,FILL 所有的CURR自由度需耦合,EMF自由度需耦合,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.38,8）电路激励实心导体自由度：AZ，CURR,EMF材料属性：r(RSVX)实常数：CARE,LENG,所有的CURR自由度需耦合,EMF自由度需耦合,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.39,9）叠片结构铁磁体自由度：AZ材料属性：r(MURX)或B-H曲线,忽略区域内的涡流10）空气（同静态分析）11）运动导体（同静态分析）,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.40,4.2 振幅、初相位和频率,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.41,5 2D 瞬态分析5.1 边界条件和载荷（激励）5.2 后处理5.3 实例,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.42,5.1 振幅、初相位和频率,边界条件和载荷都随时间变化，可以按照其变化确定载荷步，建立载荷文件。每一载荷步需指定：边界条件或载荷以及对应的时间载荷斜坡变化或阶跃变化是否自动时间步长,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.43,5.2 后处理,1）POST1 某一时间点的分析结果SET,TIME 2)POST26，变量的时间历程结果载入结果文件：RESUME 定义变量,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.44,假定：没有磁饱和周围没有漏磁,5.3 实例电磁作动器,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.45,线圈由上图所示的电压驱动，通过分析，得到如下结果：线圈电流变化作用在衔铁上电磁力的变化线圈电感的变化,0 0.01 0.03 0.06 t(s),v(V),12 0,step1 step2 step3,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.46,！step1TIME,.01DELTIM,.002OUTRES,ALL,ALLSOLVE！step2TIME,.03NSUBST,1SOLVE！step3TIME,.03DELTIM,.005TIME,.06NSUBST,1SOLVEFINISH,1/15/2023,M&ISISchool of MEXian JiaotongUniversity,No.47,！求电磁力、线圈电流和电感/POST26PMGTRAN,ARM,COIL,COILFINISH,
