现在完成时讲解 ppt课件.ppt

上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have gone to/have been to/have been in比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,一 现在完成时的构成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,have/has+动词过去分词（have/has是助动词）否定：havent/hasnt+动词过去分词疑问句：把have/has 提前,二 现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑),-Are you free?-I have finished my homework.I am free(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空),主菜单,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（动词可以是短暂性或者延续性动词）,上一页,下一页,I have learnt English for ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。(从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游),主菜单,2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态.动词只能使用延续性动词。常与since+过去的时间点，for+一段时间，so far 等表示时间段的时间状语连用。,3.短暂性东西用于否定句，可以与时间段连用。,他买这本书已经有两个月了。He has bought the book for two months.He _ the book for two months.他已经有两个月没有买书了。He _any book for two months.,(错的）,has had,hasnt bought,二.现在完成时的时间状语,1.already,never,ever,just,yet2.before以前,recently最近，这段时间these days这些天来，这段时间，these years 这些年来 over the years 这些年来in the last/past few years 在过去的几年里for+时间段；since+过去时间点since then从那时起；so far 到目前为止；次数,上一页,下一页,主菜单,三 短暂性动词与延续性动词的代换,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词常见有become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave,等。,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。,主菜单,become be,begin/start be on borrow keep,buy have,come(go,arrive,get)to be here/there/in，die be dead,finish be over,join be in=be a member of join the army be in the armybe a soldier leave be away(from),put on-wearcatch a cold-have a coldfall asleep be asleep go to school be a student,下一页,上一页,主菜单,.我们买这本书三年了.,We have had the book for three years.,他感冒三天了.,He has had a cold for three days.,We bought the book three years ago.,He caught a cold three days ago.,一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句,自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.,I have kept the book since last week.,我成为一个学生两年多了.,I have been a student for over two years.,I borrowed the book last week.,I became a student two years ago.,Mr Black死了三年了。,Mr Black has been dead for three years.,Mr Black died three years ago.,Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.,Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.,We went to school eight years ago.,The class has been over for ten minutes.,电影开始了一小时了,The film began one hour ago.,We have been students for eight years.,The class finished ten minutes ago.,The film has been on for an hour.,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。如：I havent bought the bike for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,翻 译 练 习：1.我买了这块手表五年了。2.这位老人已经死了十年了。,I have bought this watch for five years.I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago.,The old man has died for ten years.The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.我离开家乡已十年了。,He has come back for 3 days.He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,He has come here since 6 oclock.He has been here since 6 oclock.,I have left hometown for 10 years.I have been away from hometown for 10 years.,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,四.have gone to/have been to/have been in的比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？You have never been there,have you?你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？I have been in Nanjing for two years.他已经在南京待了两年了 She has gone to Nanjing.她已经去南京了。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,五.for 和since 用法比较,1.for:+一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years,过去的时间点,since last year，since two weeks ago，since three years ago,since nine oclock 一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came,since you got home.,注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.,2.对for/since 提问都用How long,Since,他是两个小时以前买的这本书。He _ the book two hours ago.He _ the book since two hours ago.He _ the book for two hours.,bought,has had,has had,3.since的其他句型（他离开这里已经有三年了）“It is+一段时间since 一般过去时从句”It is three years since he left here.“一段时间have/has passed+since+一般过去时从句”Three years have passed since he left here.,六.现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较,1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。,上一页,下一页,主菜单,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。,上一页,下一页,第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”。,第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。,主菜单,2当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时:,上一页,下一页,eg:I saw the film on television yesterday.,但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。,eg：They have known each other since 1950.,Since he was a child,he has lived in England.,主菜单,3常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语:,上一页,下一页,yesterday(昨天),the day before yesterday(前天),just now(刚才)，时间+ago,last+时间 等;,eg:The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week.,主菜单,上一页,现在完成时练习,主菜单,Exercises,()1.Youve never seen such a wonderful film before,_?A.havent you B.have you C.do you D.dont you()2.I have watched the game.When _ you _ it?A.have;watched B.do;watch C.did;watch D.will;watch,()3.Mr.Green _ in China since five years ago.A.lived B.has lived C.lives D.is going to live()4.His grandma _ for two years.A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead,B,C,B,D,()5.Where is Han Mei now?She _ to Shanghai.She will be back in two days.A.has gone B.has been C.goes D.had gone()6._ you _to the United Stated?No,never,but I went to Canada a few years agoA.Have;been B.Have;gone C.Did;go D.Do;go,()7.You havent changed your mind,_?A.do you B.are you C.have you D.did you,()8.How long have you _ the football team of the school?A.played B.been at C.joined D been on,A,A,C,D,()9.Where have you _ these days?I have _ to Kunming with my friends.A been,gone B been,been C gone,been D gone,gone()10.How long have you _ this book?A.bought B.borrowed C.had D.lent()11.Excuse me,_ you seen the film yet?Yes,I _ it last night.A have,see B have,have seen C have,seen D have,saw()12.He has never ridden a horse before,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.hasnt he D.has he,B,C,D,D,动 词 填 空：1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that already.When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it an hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film yet?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?He _ it last week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一页,上一页,主菜单,选用 for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Where is Peter?I dont know where he _.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改 错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,The house is dirty.We _it for weeks.A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2.-_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes,it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh,not at all.I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be4.You dont need to describe her.I _ her several times.A.had met B have met C met D meet 5.-Will you go to Beijing for vacation?-I _ to go,but I dont know if I can go.A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning,6.-When will they leave?-They _very soon.A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave7-Was he studying for an exam?-Yes,hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9.She _ such an interesting book before.A was never reading B will never read C had never read D has never read 10.How long do you think the meeting _ A is lasting B is lasted C will last D lasts,、翻译下列句子：1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。4.他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。8.自从1992年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。10.他离开中国三年了,1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.I have lost my Chinese book.3 I have never been to that park.4.He has already had lunch.5 Have you seen this movie yet?6 My brother has not returned.7 I have seen this movie since last week.8 He has lived here since 1992.9 I have had this dictionary for three years.10 He has been away China for three years.,Thank you,everyone!Good-bye!,