动名词的用法讲解ppt课件.ppt

,Grammar,动 名 词 的 用 法,一.动名的词形式,二.动名词的用法：1.作主语的用法：1）动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。2）动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3）动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用it 做形式主语，v-ing 做真正主语。,E.g.Talking mends no holes.空谈无济于事。Working with you is a pleasure.Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。Cheating on an exam ruins ones character.考试作弊毁坏人的性格。,注：it 做形式主语，v-ing 做真正主语的常用句型是：1)It is no use/no good/useless/a waste of time.doing sth.E.g.It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。It is useless talking about it with him.和他谈这件事是没用的。Its a waste of time arguing about it.辩论这事是浪费时间,2)There is no”句式来表示.E.g.There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。There is no littering about.不许乱扔杂物。There is no holding back the wheel of history.历史车轮不可阻挡。,不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如：Its no use crying over spilt milk.He realized that to go on like this was wrong.,（指抽象动作）,（指具体动作）,【考例】,What do you think made Mary so upset？_ her new bicycle（1997上海高考题）A.As she lost B.Lost C.Losing D.Because of losing 解析：losing her new bicycle是句子的主语，谓语made her so upset被省略，losing 在此表示具体的动作。,2.动名词作宾语的用法 1)有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如cant stand（不能忍受）,feel like(想要),mind（介意）,suggest（建议）,enjoy（欣赏，）,admit（承认）,appreciate（感激，欣赏）,avoid（避免）,delay（推迟）,escape（逃脱）,finish（完成）,forgive（宽恕）,imagine（想象）,keep（保持）,miss（错过）,practice（训练）,resist（抵抗，抵制）,risk（冒险）,deny（拒绝，否认）,consider（考虑）等。,Many people enjoy sunbathing on the beach in summer.夏季，很多人喜欢在沙滩日光浴。I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。Hes not very well;he doesnt feel like eating.他不太舒服，吃不下。She practices speaking English every day.,2)动名词作介词宾语 动名词作介词宾语时，通常放在由动词或形容词与介词组成的动词短语或形容词短语后。此类短语有很多。如：look forward to（渴望，盼望）,be proud of（以自豪）,be responsible for（对负责）,insist on（坚持）,think of（考虑，想到）,dream of（梦想）,object to（反对，抗议）,hear of（听说）,preventfrom（防止，阻止）,keepfrom（防止，阻止）,stopfrom（防止，阻止）,be engaged in（从事于）,depend on（依靠，依赖）,thankfor（因而道谢）,excusefor（因而道歉）,aim at（目的在于）,devoteto（献身于）,set about（着手做）,be/get used to（习惯于）,be fond of（喜欢）,be afraid of（害怕）,be tired of（对厌烦）,succeed in（成功地做）,be interested in（对感兴趣）,be ashamed of（对感到羞愧）等等。,e.g.She sat there without speaking.I look forward to seeing him again.Are you used to living there alone?When my father heard the news,he couldnt help laughing.He was busy preparing his lessons.,【考例】,I cant imagine _ that with them（MET 1986）A.do B.to do C.being done D.doing,She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden（1995上海高考题）A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in,解析：考查短语动词 look forward to 后跟动名词作宾语的用法。,注意：（1）有些动词后面，如forget,remember,stop,try,mean,regret、go on等，既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语，但是意义不一样。,forget regret remember,to do,doing,将要发生的动作,已经发生的动作,继续做同一件事情,继续做另一件事情,停止做某事,停下来做另一件事,意味着做某事,打算做某事,试着做某事,努力做某事,习惯做某事,被用来做某事,情不自禁做某事,不能帮助做某事,He forgot paying for the book.他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了)He forgot to pay for the book.他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱)Stop talking.(停止说话)I stopped to talk with Tom.（停下正在做的事开始去说话）,【考例】,Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet（MET 1985）A.study B.to study C.for studying D.studying,解析：stop studying意为“停止学习”。,Let me tell you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday？（1999上海高考题）A.told B.telling C.to tell D.to have told,解析:remember telling me意为“记得曾经告诉过我”。,（2）在有些句子中，介词常可省去。,I have no difficulty(in)communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。He used to spend a lot of time(in)playing games.过去他常花很多时间玩游戏。What can prevent us(from)going there?有什么能阻止我们去那呢？,（3）动名词可以和一些介词如in,on,after,against,before,by,for,without,besides等构成短语，在句中作状语。,He left ahead of time without saying a word.他一句话也没说就提前离开了。Besides cooking and sewing,she had to take care of four children.除了做饭和缝纫以外，她还要照顾四个孩子。On hearing the news,all the pupils jumped with joy.听到这个消息后，所有的学生都高兴得跳了起来。,（4）want（需要）,need（需要）,deserve（值得）,require（需要）等词后，我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思。后跟动名词的主动式与不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如：The window needsrequireswants cleaningto be cleaned,Your car needs filling.你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了。,(5)在begin,continue,love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。,(6)在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如：We dont allow smoking here We dont allow anybody to smoke here advise doing sth.advise sb.to do sth.,3.作表语句子结构：主语+系动词+表语 S.+be+doing e.g.His hobby is collecting stamps.Her job is looking after the old.Their task is exploring oil mines in the west.他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。注意：这时，主语和表语可以互换位置,4.动名词作定语。动名词作定语时一般前置，与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，表用途。reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池dining car 餐车 singing competition 歌咏比赛waiting room候车室,注：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别:,a walking sticka swimming poola sleeping car,区别,the walking manthe swimming girlthe sleeping boy,动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能,现在分词修饰名词表示该名词所处的状态,5.动名词复合结构：1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 在句中作主语或宾语:e.g.Marys coming late made her teacher angry.I dont mind your opening the window.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:e.g.Im sure of him coming on time.He has never heard of a woman being a pilot.,1.（2011天津卷）Passeagers are permitted _only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried2.（2011四川卷）Lily doesnt feel like _ abroad.Her parents are old.A.study B.studying C.studied D.to study,高考链接,3.（2011四川卷）Simon made a big bamboo box _the little sick bird till it could fly.A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep4.（2011陕西卷）More highways have been built in China,_it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.A.making B.made C.to make D.having made5.（2011陕西卷）Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left.A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked,Exercises1.She didnt remember _ him before.(MET88)A.having met B.have met C.to meet D.to having met 2.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.(MET89)A.to do B.doing C.With D.to be doing,3.-What do you think of the book?-Oh,excellent.Its worth _a second time.(MET89)A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being reading4.I can hardly imagine Peters _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET91)A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed,5.The salesman scolded(批评)the girl caught _ and let her off.(NMET92)A.to have stolen B.to be stealing C.to steal D.stealing6.-I usually go there by train.-Why not _by boat for a change?(MET92)A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going,7.I would appreciate _back this afternoon.(MET92)A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling8._is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(NMET92)A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk,9.How about the two of us _a walk down the garden?(MET93)A.to take B.take C.taking D.to be taking10.-I must apologize for _ahead of time.-Thats all right.(NMET94)A.letting you not know B.not letting you know C.letting you know not D.letting not you know,11.-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _that.(NMET95)A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done12.My younger sister suggested _ the Summer Palace first.A.me to visit B.mine visiting C.I visiting D.my visiting,13.Missing the last bus means _ home.A.to walk B.walking C.walked D.walk,14.My sister likes _ but she doesnt like _ this afternoon.A.swimming.to swim B.to swim.swimming C.swimming.to swimming D.swim.Swimming15.I would appreciate _ it a secret.A.that you would keep B.you to keep C.that you are keeping D.you keeping,16.Im looking forward to _your reply soon.A.receive B.receiving C.accepting D.get17.The classroom is so dirty that it needs _badly.A.clean B.to clean C.being cleaned D.cleaning,18.No one likes _ in public.A.to laugh at B.laughing at C.being laughed at D.to be laughed19.The manager is considering _another secretary.A.to hire B.hiring C.to take on D.to employ,21.The student entered the office without _.A.being asked B.asking C.ask D.to be asked22.Our teacher suggested _the exhibition once again.A.us to visit B.our visiting C.to visit D.our to visit,23._is forbidden here.Who allowed _ here.A.Smoke;you to smoke B.To smoke;you smoke C.smoking;your smoking D.Smoking;you to smoke24.Its no use _me believe you.A.trying making B.trying to make C.trying to force D.to try to make,25.No difficulty can discourage us _.A.to succeed B.succeeded C.from succeeding D.succeed26.We were lucky that we just escaped _the rain.A.being caught in B.to be caught in C.catching D.to catch,27.Dont forget _ the book to the library when you finish _ it.A.to return;reading B.to give back;to read C.returning;reading D.returning;to read28.Has the driver been used to _in all kinds of weather?A.drive B.drove C.driving D.be driving,29._made us much disappointed.A.Her not coming back B.Her not to come back C.Not her returning D.Not her being back,Thank you！,