初中英语语法系列 被动语态ppt课件.ppt

被动语态,1.Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.,2.English is spoken by many people.,4.Lucky 52 is watched on TV by many people.,3.The tickets about heroes are sold out.,5.Rice is planted in South China.,6.He is said a good boy.,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Many students study English.(主动语态)English is studied by many students.(被动语态),语态,助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.,被动语态的结构,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,by many students.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.Many students study English.,English,is studied,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,are made,by them,in that factory.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。,2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。,3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（by短语可以省。by短语 后跟代词的宾格。）,by the teacher.,3.The teacher often asks him questions.,He,is asked,questions,1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,are made,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语/宾语.,by them.,主变被解题步骤,宾变主,主放后,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp,They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers are often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,肯定句：主语be+过去分词(by)否定句：主语be not 过去分词(by)一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词(by)?特殊疑问句：疑问词be主语+过去分词(by),被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。,by many students.,English,is studied,1.They bought ten computers last term,by them last term.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were+过去分词,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,Ten computers,were bought,They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,This room was used for resting by them.,3.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is/am/are+being 过去分词,1.Some workers are painting the rooms now,by some workers now.,The rooms,are being painted,2.He is washing his jacket.,His jacket,is being washed,by him.,They are building a new house.He is looking for his new pen.We are cleaning our classroom windows now.They are cooking a rich dinner for Spring Festival.,A new house is being built by them.,His new pen is being looked for by him.,Our classroom windows are being cleaned by us.,A rich dinner is being cooked by them for Spring Festival.,4.一般将来时的被动语态结构：,will be+过去分词,1.They will finish the work in ten days.,by them in ten days.,The work,will be finished,2.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,We will hold a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,5.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,1.Amy can take good care of Gina,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,should be drunk,by you.,1.He can take care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构,have/has been 过去分词,1.We have made twenty more keys,by us.,Twenty more keys,have been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finished,by us.,1.We have cleaned doors and windows.2.Lucy has painted three pictures till now.3.They have mended the car for the old man.4.He has kept the book for two days.,Doors and windows have been cleaned by us.,Three pictures have been painted by Lucy till now.,The car has been mended by them for the old man.,The book has been kept by him for two days.,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,will be done,would be done,have/has been done,had been done,Such books are written for children.这些书是为儿童写的,被动语态的用法,（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.,Its said/believed/reported/known+that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake.据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。,（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。,The cup was broken by David.,（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.,如：1.He gave me a book.I was given a book by him.（以I做主语）A book was given to me by Tom.（以物book作主语）2.He teaches us English.We are taught English by him.（以人当主语）English is taught to us by him.（以物作主语）,被动语态的几种类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,hand for:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.,keep,make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。We keep food fresh in the fridge.主 谓 宾 宾补 Food is kept fresh in the fridge.I saw him go into the office building.,2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态,不及物动词没有宾语，因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后，其作用相当于及物动词，可以接宾语，因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.,They take good care of my child.My child is taken good care of.I turned off the radio.The radio was turned off(by me),3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,即feel,hear,listen,have,make,let,look,watch,see,notice，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.We heard them sing in the classroom.,They,was heard,to sing in the classroom.,4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态,（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。We often help each other.我们常常互相帮助。（2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have,like,take place,belong to）如：I like these flowers.我喜欢这些花。I will have a meeting.不说A meeting will be had.应说A meeting will be held.,5.不能用于被动语态的几种情况,