初中英语语法—主谓一致ppt课件.ppt

网站版权所有,初中英语语法,稻田一中 李培军,主谓一致,网站版权所有,英语主谓一致，是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。主谓一致遵循三个原则：,1、语法一致：,2、意义一致：,3、就近原则：,主谓一致,网站版权所有,主谓一致的三个原则,1、语法一致：语法形式上要求一致。主语为单数，谓语也用单数；主语为复数，谓语也用复数。His pen is blue.These shoes sell well.2、意义一致：从意义的角度来处理主谓一致的关系。主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；反之，主语形式上为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。Two months is a long time.The crowd were working over there.3、就近原则：当主语被某些关联短语连接时，谓语动词的单复数与离它最近的主语保持一致。There is a chair and two desks in the room.Neither you nor I am right.,网站版权所有,主谓一致原则的具体运用,1、并列结构做主语：.两个或两个以上的单数名词或代词由and 或bothand连接时，如果指的是两个人或事物，谓语代词用复数形式。A teacher and a writer are going to speak at the meeting.注意：如果由and连接的两个词指的是同一个人、同一个事物或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。The worker and writer is from Wuhan.(那个工人兼作家)The worker and the writer are from Beijing.(那位工人和那位作家)A knife and fork is used to have meals.,网站版权所有,.由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each,every,no或many a 修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。Every boy and every girl is taught to read and write.In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Many a teacher and many a student has seen it.,网站版权所有,.一个名词后面有as well as,but,except,besides,with,along with,together with,like,including,等起连接作用的词语带其它名词,谓语动词和第一个名词一致。The teacher as well as the students likes this painting.My sister together with Jane and James is gone.He,like you and Xiao Li is very clever.All students except Tom are going.,网站版权所有,.由or,eitheror,neithernor,not only but also等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数按最接近它的主语的单复数形式而定。You or I am to go to the bus stop.Either you or he knows something about it.,网站版权所有,2、不定代词做主语,不定代词each,neither,either以及包含some,any,every,nobody的复合不定代词，在意义上都属于单数。它们做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has a dictionary.Every minute is important to us.Nobody was seen on the playground.,注意:Each of them_(have)their own room.(each作主语,谓语用单数)They each _(have)their own rooms.(each作同位语,谓语与They一致),网站版权所有,3、集体名词做主语,.people,police等词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。There are three people in my family.The police are standing there.all指人时用复数谓语动词，指事物时用单数。All are here.大家都到了。All goes well.一切都很好。,网站版权所有,.family,class,team，group等集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式；指其各个成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。试比较：,My family is a big one.我家是个大家庭。His family are all working in Beijing.他全家人都在北京工作。The class has fifty students.这个班有50个学生。The class are listening to their teacher.这个班的同学正在听老师讲课。,网站版权所有,.由两部分构成的物体名词,如trousers,shorts(短裤),pants(裤子,衬裤),socks(短袜),gloves(手套),glasses(眼镜),shoes,其它以-s结尾的名词如clothes 等,一般作复数用,连用的动词和代词也用复数形式。My trousers are being washed.但是,如果表示成双的东西的名词前面有pair of 修饰时,其谓语动词就要与pair的数一致。再如：a kind of，two boxes of，three pieces of 等。This pair of glasses belongs to him.Three pairs of shoes were lost.注意:a lot of,plenty of,a number of 不符合此规则。,网站版权所有,“a number of+名词复数”作主语,谓语动词用复数,“the number of+名词”的中心词却是number,谓语动词用单数。试比较：A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book is two hundred.,注意：a number of，The number of,网站版权所有,当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动词用单数。Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.,注意：百分数、分数作主语时,网站版权所有,4、特殊名词做主语,.国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词做主语时，形式上即使是复数，谓语动词也要要复数。The Times(泰晤士报)is an old newspaper.The United Nations(联合国)was founded in 1943.,.以-s结尾的学科名词（如maths,physics,politics等）和以-s结尾的抽象名词（如news等）做主语时，谓语动词用单数。Physics is very difficult for me to learn.The news was very interesting.,网站版权所有,5、数量概念做主语,.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等复数名词做主语时，通常被看做一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years is a long time.Five minutes is enough.Twenty dollars has been paid.Two killgrams of vegetables is enough.数学运算中的谓语动词用单数。Seven and eight is fifteen.Two times three is six.,网站版权所有,.“many a/more than one+单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Many a student goes to the cinema.许多学生去看电影。There is more than one answer.有不止一个答案。.the rest of短语做主语时，若of后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数；若of后接不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。The rest of the students are going to the park.The rest of money isnt enough.,网站版权所有,6、名词化的形容词做主语,主语由“the+形容词”结构担任，表示某表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。The rich are not always happy.The old are taken good care of in the village.,网站版权所有,7、动名词、不定式或从句做主语,动名词、不定式或从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To play with fire is very dangerous.Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.What the teacher said is helpful to us.,网站版权所有,8、在主谓语倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。,Here comes an old lady!On the wall were famous paintings.,注意：以here，there等地点或时间副词开头的句子,谓语动词是be,come,go等，而主语又是名词时，用全部倒装。如果句子的主语是代词时，则不倒装。Here comes the bus!Here it comes!Here you are。,网站版权所有,.关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who want to go should meet here.Tom likes music that has great lyrics.在某些句型中:one of the+复数名词+定语从句+复数谓语the only one of the+复数名词+定语从句+单数谓语He is one of the students who have been to Beijing.He is the only one of the students who has been to Beijing,9、定语从句中主谓一致:,网站版权所有,1.I,who_ your friend,will try my best to help you with your English.A.am B.is C.are D.be,2.The rich _ not always happy.A.are B.is C.has D.have,A,A,主谓一致巩固练习,网站版权所有,3.Neither Tom nor Jack and I _ his students.A.are B.am C.is D.was,4.Mary as well as her sisters _ Chinese in China.A.are studying B.have studied C.studies D.study,A,C,网站版权所有,5.Neither my father nor I _ at home.A.am B.is C.are D.be,6.Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting.Both of us _ good painters.,A.are;are B.am;am C.am;are D.is;is,A,C,网站版权所有,7.Every boy and every girl _ to attend the evening party.A.wish B.wishes C.is like D.like,8.Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants.A.was B.is C.would be D.are,B,D,网站版权所有,9.The population of China _ larger than that of.any other country in the world.A.is B.are C.has D.have,10.Every means _ tried but without any result.have been B.is to be C.are to be D.has been,A,D,网站版权所有,11.Alice,together with two boys,_ for having broken the rule.A.was punished B.punished C.were punished D.being punished,12.The League secretary and the monitor_ asked to attend the.meeting this afternoon.A.is B.was C.are D.is being,A,C,网站版权所有,13.The great writer and professor_.A.is an old man B.are both old men C.is an old man and a young man D.were two Chinese,14.There _ a pen,two pencils and three books on the desk.A.are B.is C.has D.have,A,B,网站版权所有,15.A large number of students in our class_ girls.A.are B.was C.is D.be,A,16.He is the only one of die students who _ elected.A.are B.have C.has D.is,D,网站版权所有,17.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A.have B.has C.have been D.has been,18.Many a man _ come to help us.A.have B.has C.is D.are,C,B,网站版权所有,19.This pair of trousers _ too long for him.A.is B.be C.are D.were,A,20.One and a half bananas _ left on the table.A.is B.are C.has D.have,A,网站版权所有,21.Ten minutes_ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A.seems B.seem C.seemed D.seemes,22._of the money_ run out.A.Three-fifth;has B.Three-fifth;has been C.Three-fifths;has D.Three-fifths;have,A,C,网站版权所有,23.The whole class _ the teacher carefully.A.are listening to B.is listening to C.are listening D.is listening,24.1 have finished a large part of the book,the rest of which_ more difficult.A.is B.are C.was D.were,A,A,网站版权所有,25.Between the two rows of trees _ the teaching building.A.stand B.stands C.standing D.are,B,26.More than one member _ against the plan.A.is B.are C.has D.have,A,网站版权所有,27.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.has not decided B.is not decided C.are not decided D.have not decided,28.Half of the fruit _ bad.A.are B.has C.is D.have,B,C,网站版权所有,29.Early to bed and early to rise _ a good habit.A.are B.is C.were D.was,B,30.Either he or I _ to attend the meeting this evening.A.is B.am C.are D.be,B,网站版权所有,31.His family _ a big one.Now the family _ watching TV.A.is,areB.are,is C.is,isD.are,are,A,32.The writer and actor _ invited to give us a report on plays in China.A.were B.have been C.was D.has,C,网站版权所有,33.Tom is the only one of the students who _ going to swim this afternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.were,A,34.All that can be done _.has done b.has been done c.have done d.have been done,b,网站版权所有,35The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A.has read B.have read C.are reading D.is reading36All but one _ in the accident A.was killed B.were killed C.will be killed D.are killed,网站版权所有,37._ is to attend our evening.both the singer and the dancer b.Either the singer or dancersc.The singer or dancers d.The singer and dancer,d,38.The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.a.had b.has been having c.are having d.were having,d,网站版权所有,39.The singer and teacher _coming now.A.isB.are C.has D.have,40.This pair of socks _for my mother.A.isB.are C.buy D.get,A,A,网站版权所有,41One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe42Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe,网站版权所有,43Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe44Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,网站版权所有,45Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been46A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come,网站版权所有,找出下列句子的错误,1.The police is comimg soon.2.The sad news make me cry.3.My shoes is new.4.The rich is going to be looked after well.5.This pair of glasses are mine.6.The first class begin at eight every morning.,makes,are,are,are,is,begins,网站版权所有,1.Mr Green together with his children_(go)to the park every day.2.Three fourth of the earth _(cover)with water.3.A million dollars _(mean)a lot of money.4.Look out!There _(come)the bus.5.One and a half apples _(eat).6.Doing exercises _(make)you healthy.7.The student who _(have)ideas,come here.,用所给词的适当形式填空,goes,is covered,means,comes,is eaten,makes,has,网站版权所有,1.Our class are going to hike next week Our class are big and clean.,2.A speaker and writer does exercise every day.A speaker and a writer does exercise every day.,3.A number of Chinese are learning English.The number of the students are forty.,哪一句表达正确？,网站版权所有,1.Behind the house _(be)some trees.2.Every student and every teacher _(come)to school on time in the morning.3.No man and no woman _(like)these shoes.4.He or she _(have)gone there.5.What he said_(sound)reasonable.6.“I”_(be)the ninth letter.,are,comes,likes,has,sounds,is,用所给词的正确形式填空,网站版权所有,找出各句中的错误,1.A number of students has seen the film.2.This kind of apples taste very good.3.Not only my classroom but also my teacher are fond of sports.4.The Greens has returned to England.5.Those who only thinks of themselves can never be happy.6.When each person come in,they must show their tickets.,have,tastes,is,have,think,comes,网站版权所有,7.Ten thousand pounds are a lot of money.8.Mary likes many other girls likes dancing.9.We are Chinese.You two are German.10.The singer and dancer look very young.11.Fish and chips are my favourite.12.Nobody but the twin sisters know the secret.,is,like,Germans,looks,is,knows,