初中英语动词不定式ppt课件.ppt

,动词不定式用法归纳,动词形式基本分类（除去时态）,动词原形：do 如：swim,动词不定式：to do 如：to swim,动词ing形式：doing 如：swimming,不定式的结构：,to+do(动词原形)He plans go to Jinan for a holiday.,to,注：to只是一个符号，起结构作用，无任何实际意义,He told me not to close the door.He asked me not to close the door.,不定式的句式：,He told me to close the door.He asked me to close the door.,not+to+do,肯定式：to do,tell sb.to do sth.,ask sb.to do sth.,tell sb.not to do sth.,ask sb.not to do sth.,否定式：,不定式的特点：She wanted to be a teacher.We decide to give some money to the poor.,1)动词不定式在句子中不能做谓语,2)没有人称、数、时态的变化。,不定式的句法功能：动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补,句子的基本结构:To learn English is easy.To get up early is important.,返回,主语+谓语+宾语+状语。,主语:,主语过长，头重脚轻,主语过长，头重脚轻。用it代替其做形式主语。常见句型：Its+adj+to do sth.学英语很容易。早起是重要的。对我们来说学英语很容易。对他来说早起是重要的。以前还学过类似的句子：Its very kind of you to help me.Its nice of him to take care of his young brother.,Its easy to learn English.,Its important to get up early.,Its easy _to learn English.,Its important _to get up early.,句型：Its+adj+of sb.to do sth.,如果说对某人来说做什么事是怎样的怎么办？也就是需要体现这些行为的逻辑主语，那怎么办？,for us,for him,句型：Its+adj+for sb.to do sth.,形式主语,真正主语,区别：Its+adj+for sb.to do sth.Its+adj+of sb.to do sth.注:for形容词修饰的是动作；of形容的是人：,Its foolish _ you to ask such silly questions.Its important _ me to learn maths well.Its polite _ you to knock on the door before you come in.,for,of,of,宾 语 I would like to see your photos.Kevin planned to visit his uncle.特殊(一）：,类似词:want,agree,hope,decide,agree,start,begin,love,like,hate,prefer等。注意：斜体既可以to do 也可以doing,但区别不大,like doing指经常性动作，like to do指一次性的动作 I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now 我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。,宾 语特殊（二）：stop,forget,remember,等词或短语后面可以接to do 与doing,但意思大不相同。stop to do sth.:停下来去做另一件事 stop doing：停止正在做的事情 forget to do:忘了去做某事 forget doing sth.:忘记做过某事 remember to do sth.:记着要做某事 remember doing sth.:记着已做了某事 When the teacher came in,the students stopped_；when he came out,the students stopped _(talk),talking,to talk,特殊句式：在findfeelitadj.to do sth句型中，it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。The man found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text,宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:I asked a friend to read it to me I tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to read and write(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(feel,listen to,hear,make,let,have,notice,see,watch,find,help等)后不带to 的不定式作宾补。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next room,返回,表 语主语+系动词+表语 His wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the environment.判断：My work is _(teach)in this school now.I _(teach)in this school now.,返回,这些行为不是wish、duty发出的，而这些行为的发出 者只能是人，所以不能用进行时这种结构。,to teach,am teaching,His wish is becoming a scientist Our duty is protecting the environment.,定语 动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例:He is the first person to sail around the world.I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy,返回,Have you got some pens to write with？,特殊情况:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。I have a small bedroom to live in,作状语 a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面.如：I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。如：I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble youc.作结果状语。如:Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 特殊情况：too to She is too young to look after herself.,返回,“疑问词不定式”用法 不式前可带what，who，which，where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:He didnt tell me where to go.（直宾）I dont know what to say now.（宾语）I dont know what to do next.（宾语）He taught us how to use the computer(宾补）Its still a question how to get there(主语),返回,练习：1.Its time for us _(have)supper 2.Would you like _(go)shopping with me？3.It took us half an hour _(work)out the problem 4.He is old enough _(join)the army 5.I feel it strange _(have)a twin sister 6.I am very glad _(meet)you here 7.We saw them_(come)into the room just now 8.What he said made me_(feel)sorry 9.I am sorryI forgot_(tell)you the news 10.His plan is _(spend)a few days in the mountains 11.Have you got anything _(say)?12.Have you decided which one _(choose)?13.He is too weak _(carry)the big stone,动词形式基本分类（除去时态）：原形、to do、doing不定式的结构：to do不定式的句式：肯定及否定句式不定式的特点：无人称、数、时态变化；不能作谓语不定式的句法功能：主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补,小结：,THANK YOU,Hi,relax yourself!,