初中英语九年级状语从句PPT课件.ppt

中考英语复习方案语法部分,状语从句,复习要点1.时间状语从句2.条件状语从句3.比较状语从句4.结果状语从句5.原因状语从句6.目的状语从句7.让步状语从句8.方式状语从句9.地点状语从句,The Adverbial Clause 状语从句 状语从句是副词性从句，其句法功能是修饰谓语动词、其他动词、定语、状语或整个句子等，在句中作状语，通常由从属连词引导。状语从句不仅是初中英语学习的重点，而且也是每年中考必考的内容之一。命题主要集中在引导状语从句的连词、状语从句的时态等方面；从九大状语从句来看，应将复习重点放在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句这四种上。,一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有：while,when,as,as soon as,till,until,notuntil,before,after,since,etc当主句用一般现在时或表示将来含义时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时表将来。Ill tell you the news when I come back.She will call me as soon as she arrives in Shanghai.,难点链接,1、在when引导的时间状语从句中，动作可以是表示延续的，也可以是表示瞬间的；while引导的从句中，动作一定是表示延续的 I was watching TV when Tom came in.Tom came in while I was watching TV.2、as“当.时；一边.一边.”,引导的时间状语从句，强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，when与while也有此用法。另外when和as常表示从句动作先于主句动作，有时when还可以表示从句动作在主句动作之后。As she was dancing,she was singing.Its getting colder and colder as the winter comes.3、before“在.以前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；after“在之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。She was so interested in the book that she had read it for three hours before she realized it.I went to bed after I finished homework.,4、until/till表示主句动作结束的时间。在肯定句中表示“直到.为止”，主句要用延续性动词。My mother waited till/until I came back.在否定句中，until/till表示“直到.才”，主句通常用瞬间动词。这时until可用before替换。常构成：notuntil结构，有时可用never,nothing代替not.He didnt leave until/before I came back.5、since，ever since引导的时间状语从句，表示主句动作开始的时间，译为“自.以来”。主句常用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，常用句型为：It has beensince从句；It is+一段时间+since从句。（对 since 引导的时间状语提问要用how long).Its ten years since I worked in the hospital.He has taught us maths since he came here.Where have you been since I saw you last？,6、由by the time引导的时间状语从句注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。By the time you came back,I had finished this book.By the time you come here tomorrow,I will have finished this work.7、由each time,every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。Each time she came to Hainan,she would call on me.Whenever you go,I will follow you!You grow younger every time I see you.,8、as soon as 表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后，意为“一就”。如果主句是一般将来时，情态动词加动词原形或祈使句时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。如：My brother went out as soon as I got home.Ill phone you as soon as I arrive in Tonghua,时间状语从句中较难掌握的几点：until(till)直到，在用 until 表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择。如动词是持续性动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard until 12 oclock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如：He didnt go to bed until his mother came back由since，for，by，before 来引导的时间状语从句。since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如：I have studied English since 1990.而由 by 引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.而before 则多用于完成时，ago 则多用于一般过去时，如：He had finished his work before twelve yesterday I left my hometown two years ago 在状语从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时表示将来。它们可能是主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，如：If it rains,they wont go to the parkon Sunday 也可以主句是一般过去时，从句用过去将来时，如：He said if it rained the next day he would not go to the park 考试中常见的考点有：要学生区别是条件、时间状语从句还是宾语从句，因在宾语从句中该用什么时态用什么时态，如：I want to know if he will come here tomorrow 在宾语从句中的条件状语从句与主句的关系，如：I want to know if it rains he will come here tomorrow,注意:在时间状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。1）主句一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（特别是用 as soon as 引导从句时）：The boy will be a writer when he grows up.Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.2)主句含有情态动词，从句用一般现在时：When the lights are red,the traffic must stop.3)主句为祈使句时，从句用一般现在时：Please dont go to bed before you finish your homework.4)主句为一般过去时，从句也用过去时态：I liked reading when I was young.5）在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”,“在以前不”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops.We wont start until Bob comes.Dont get off until the bus stops.,二、地点状语从句 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where,wherever等引导，已经形成了固定的句型，如：句型1：Where 从句，（there+）主句。Where bees are,there is honey.重点提示：此句型通常译成“哪里哪里就”；主句在从句后面时，there 可用可不用；如果主句在从句的前面时，一般都不用there.句型2：Anywhere/Wherever从句，主句。Wherever the sea is,you will find seamen.Wherever he goes,Ill go.重点提示：anywhere本身是个副词，但是，常可以引导从句，相当于连词，意思相似于wherever。anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词，表示“在何处、无论何处”。,三、原因状语从句 由because,as,since,for等词引导1）because表示的往往是读者不了解的、不明显的原因，是全句叙述的重点，语气最强，只能用because回答由疑问词why引导的疑问句。该从句一般位于主句后；He was absent from the meeting that day because he had a bad cold.Because he was ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.重点提示：because不能与并列连词so同时在句中使用。She was late for school because she missed the bus.=She missed the bus,so she was late for school.,2)Since是指分析后的原因，读者多少了解，不是全部叙述的重点，语气较弱。since比as正式，两者不回答why引导的问句，而且其从句一般放在句首。Since you have read the story,I wont tell you again.Since everyone is here,lets begin our meeting.3)As 表示读者了解的明显原因，不是全句叙述的重点，较口语化，语气较弱。As I was in a hurry,I left my book at home.As I knew he was ill,I didnt call him.,4)有because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是对多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。He is absent today,because/for he is ill.He must be ill,for he is absent today.,重点提示：（1）because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：（2）for是并列连词，引导的句子不置于句首，是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。The oil must be out,for the light went out.（3）because和becouse of 也有明显的区别。because后面要跟从句，而because of 后面要跟名词短语。He is late for school because it rains heavily.He is late for school because of the heavy rain.,四、目的状语从句 用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。表示目的状语的从句可以由that,so that,so,in order that,in case等词引导。目的状语从句常含有can,could,may,might should等情态动词。Say it louder(so)that everyone can hear you.He left early so that he could catch the train.(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that,in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you.（目的状语从句）Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest.(结果状语从句),五、结果状语从句 结果状语从句表示结果，通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的连词（词组）有：sothat,suchthat(如此.以至于），so that,that(结果）等。(1)sothat 与such.that的区别 sothat 与such.that常用句型如下：so形容词副词that从句 so形容词a an单数可数名词that从句 such a an 形容词单数可数名词 that从句 such形容词复数可数名词不可数名词that从句 例如：He spoke so fast that I couldnt follow himHe told us such funny stories that we all laughed He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.My pencil fell under the desk,so that I couldnt see it.He is so young that he cant go to school.She is such a good girl that we all like her.=She is so good a girl that we all like her.He speaks so fast that I couldnt follow himI have so much time that I can chat with you.,(2)当that引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时，sothat.可以与beenough to do转换；当从句为否定句式，可以与tooto.或be not.enough to do转换，从而使复合句变为简单句。Peter is so tall that he can reach the apple on the big tree.=Peter is tall enough to reach the apple on the big tree.The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.=The boy is too young to look after himself.=The boy is not old enough to look after himself.(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema with you.,(4)sothat和such.that在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“.so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：He was so glad that he couldnt say a word.The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever see her.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.It is such an important match that nobody wants to miss it.=The match is so important that nobody wants to miss it.,(5）结果和目的状语从句还要注意以几点：so that用在单数可数名词前，so 形容词 a 名词 that，如：She is so beautiful a girl that everyone likes her 或用 such a 形容词 名词 that,如：She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her 在不可数名词或可数名词复数前只能用 such，如：It is such good weather we want to go for a picnic 又如：They are such good players that they should win the game.在much，many，few，little 之前只能用so，如：I have so little money that I cant buy it so that 之间只有形容词时，则不能用 such，如：It is so good that I want to buy.so that 其后接从句，如：I got up earlier so that I could catch the first bus,六、条件状语从句 由if,unless 等连词引导。Unless在意义上相当于ifnot 表示“除非”“如果不”。由于本身已含有否定意义，因此不要在unless后用否定句式。若主句是一般将来时，if,unless引导的从句要用一般现在时表将来。若主句为祈使句或用一般现在时或含情态动词，从句也用一般现在时。I wont go unless Im invited.If you work hard,youll make progress.,条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴，有时它可以替代从句和主句，它就是“祈使句+and/or+简单句”。其中and 表示句意顺承；or 则表示转折，意为“否则”。If you work harder,youll pass the exam.=Work harder and youll pass the exam.If you dont hurry up,youll miss the train.=Hurry up,or youll miss the train.用介词with,without可以把条件状语从句改写成简单句：If there is no water,the fish may die.=Fish may die without water.If you help me,Ill finish my task on time.=With your help,Ill finish my task on time.,七.让步状语从句 在主句中作让步状语的从句称为让步状语从句。让步状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though,although,as,even if,even though,whetheror,no matter+疑问句，疑问词-ever.1、though，although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though较常使用，although比though正式。Although/Though his father was worn out,he kept on working.Although/Though my mother is very old,she is quite strong.重要提示：though，although不能与but在句中同时使用。Though the old man was poor,he was very happy.=The old man was poor,but he was very happy.,2、as，though表示“虽然但是”“纵使”之意。as引导的让步状语从句常以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形；though有时也用于这样的结构，但although不可以这样用。如：Hard as/though he works,he makes little progress.(=Though he works hard,he makes little progress.)Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child,he knew what was the right thing to do.)3、even if,even though表示“即使”“纵使”之意。这两个复合连词的意思基本相同，他们常可互换使用，但意义有细微差别。Even if引导的让步状语从句含有强烈的假定性，而even though引导让步状语从句时是以从句的内容为先决条件的，也就是说，说话人肯定了从句的事实。如：Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad.Even if he is poor,she loves him.(=He may be poor,yet she loves him.)Even though he is poor,she loves him.(=He is poor,yet she loves him.),4、whetheror表示“不论是否”“不管是还是”之意。由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：Youll have to attend the meeting whether youre free or busy.Whether you believe it or not,its true.5、“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“都,不管都”，它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换，如：No matter what happened,he would not mind.(=Whatever happened,he would not mind.)No matter who you are,you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are,you must keep the law.)但“no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，而“疑问词-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。如：Whatever(=No matter what)you say,I wont believe you.（whatever引导让步状语从句）Ill eat whatever(no matter what)you give me.（whatever引导宾语从句）Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever引导主语从句）,八、比较状语从句 比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。1）原级(1)asas 和.一样 Jack is as tall as Tom.(2)not so(as)as.不如.那样 She is not so(as)outgoing as her sister.2）比较级 morethan 比.更.This book is more instructive than that one.3）最高级(1)the most in/of This book is the most interesting of the three.(2)the+形容词最高级.of/in This road is the busiest street in our city.,3）要注意的是表示越来越这一概念时有两个句型：比较级and比较级，如：The days are getting longer and longer The little girl is becoming more and more beautiful 定冠词 the 比较级 the 比较级，如：The harder you study,the more you can learn归纳：no more than 只有（嫌少的意思）I have no more than two books.Its no more than a mile to the shop.not more than 不如（前者不如后者）Jack is not more diligent than John.one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数，意为“最之一”（用于最高级）。Han Mei is one of the best students in our school.,九、方式状语从句 在主句中作方式状语的从句称为方式状语从句。方式状语从句一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。1、方式状语从句通常由as,(just)asso.,as if,as though 引导 as,(just)asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句中，但在(just)as so.结构位于句首时，as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如”“就像”，多用于正式问题。如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.As water is to fish,so air is to man.2、as if,as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句的谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛似的”“好像似的”，如：He looks as if(as though)he had been hit by lighting.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.3、引导方式状语从句的as还有“按照”之意。如：I will do it as you tell me我将照你说的做。方式状语中要注意的是as(连词)与 like(介词)的区别。as 作为连词其后接从句，如：Please do it as I did it 但后面的句子常作省略，如：Please do it as I 而 like 是介词，其后要接的是宾语，如：Please do it like me,中考考点设置,1.时间状语从句(1)引导词：when,while,as,before,after,as soon as,until,since.(2)主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代替。(3)not.until的同义句替换。2.条件状语从句(1)引导词：if,unless.(2)主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代替。(3)if.not与unless及or的同义句转换。,中考考点设置,3.原因状语从句(1)引导词:because,since,as.(2)对because 原因状语提问用“why”。(3)because 不能与so连用。(4)because,since，as,for的区别：because 从句所表示的是对方不知道的直接的原因，因此在回答以why引导的特殊疑问句时只可用because,而as,since 引导的从句却不可；as，since从句所表示的往往是对方已知的原因；for往往用于附加理由证明。,中考考点设置,4.目的状语和结果状语(1)引导词：so，that.从句中常用情态动词。(2)结果状语从句引导词：so.that,such.that.(3)so与such的区别(4)so.that与too.to和.enough to间转换,so+形+a/an+名 such+a/an+形+名so+many/much/few/little+形+名such+形+不可数名词/可数名词复数,中考考点设置,5.比较状语从句(1)引导词：as.as,not as(so).as,than(2)not as(so).as与than的同义句替换。(3)as.as,not as(so).as中间用形容词或副词的 原形。6.让步状语从句(1)引导词：though,even though.(2)though不能与but连用。7.地点状语从句(1)引导词where,wherever.(2)wherever=no matter where8.方式状语从句 引导词：as if,as though.,【例1】Lucy knew nothing about it _her sister told her.2003 河北省 A.because B.until C.if D.since,典型例题解析,【例3】The young man travelled all over the world he had a man-made leg.2003 河南省 A.though B.if C.as D.because,B,【例2】Other people wont be pleased if he the queue.2003 河南省 A.will jump B.jumps C.jump D.jumped,B,A,【例4】The students will go to Summer Palace if it tomorrow.2003 甘肃省 A.dont rain B.wont rain C.doesnt rain D.isnt rain,C,【例7】David was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper.(改为简单句)2003 福州市 David was_careless _ find the mistakes in his test paper.,【例5】The driver hurt the girl_badly_she had to see a doctor.2003 新疆 A.so,that B.either,or C.too,to D.neither,nor,典型例题解析,A,【例6】Mrs Read didnt sleep well last night because the wind made too much noise.对句子划线部分提问)_Mrs Read _well last night?,too to,Why didnt,sleep,.单项选择1.He was_angry to hear the news that he couldnt say a word.A.so B.too C.very D.much2.Because his mother was ill,_he must stay at home to look after her.A./B.so C.that D.either3.Though the workers were very tired，_they went on planting trees.A.and B.but C./D.so4.They didnt watch TV_they finished their homework.A.after B.when C.until D.as,课时训练,(A),(A),(C),(C),课时训练,5.Ill write to you as soon as I_Beijing.A.get to B.arrive C.will get to D.will arrive6.Well have a trip if it_rain.A.wont B.will C.dont D.doesnt7._you hurry up,or we will be late for school.A.If B./C.Unless D.When8.He saves money_he can buy some birthday presents for his mother.A.so B.so that C.such that D.in order9.Why are you late for school?_ I got up late.A.Because B.For C.Since D.As,(A),(D),(C),(B),(A),10.The flowers_well if they_.A.wont grow,dont take good care of B.dont grow,are taken good care of C.dont grow,dont take good care of D.wont grow,are not taken good care of,课时训练,(D),11.He asked_many strange questions that the teacher didnt want to teach him any more.A.so B.such C.too D.very,(A),12.Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exercises to there are no mistake.A.look for B.make sure C.find out D.think about,(B),13.I have my own car,so I_drive where I want