初中英语中的“主谓一致”全面复习 吐血整理ppt课件.ppt

初中英语中的“主谓一致”,This is It was built inThere are two floorsThe food there isThe goods there areMost people like,英语中主语和谓语保持一致叫主谓一致，即谓语动词的形式必须随着主语单、复数形式变化而变化。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择和时态填空等。突破这类题目的方法是熟练掌握主谓一致的原则做题时仔细比较，分析，以提高做题的精确度。,一、最基本的主谓一致规则最基本的“主谓一致”规则是：“单则单，复则复”，即主语为单数时，谓语动词也用相应的单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。但要注意：当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时，常将其看作是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数形式。另外，加减乘除也常当作整体对待，谓语动词也用单数形式。,e.g.I am a teacher.They go to the movies once a week.,e.g.Four plus six is ten.,e.g.Ten dollars is enough.,二、集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的使用family,class,team等集体名词作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；但若指其成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。,e.g.The family is very big.Their family are watching TV now.,三、politics,physics,works,the United States,news,maths等词作主语时，谓语动词的使用这类词语貌似复数，意义上却是单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。但要注意有些名词，如：people(人；人们),police等形式为单数，意义是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式。,e.g.The news is very exciting.Physics is a bit difficult for me.,e.g.People there are very friendly.,四、并列结构作主语时。1.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：A young man and a girl want to go there.但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语 动词要用单数形式。如：A needle and thread was found on the floor.,2.当each.and each.；every.and every.；no.and no.；many a.and many a.结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：No man and no animal is to be found on the moon.Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work.,3.由not only.but also.；notbut;either.or.；neither.nor.；or连接的并列主语，谓语动词与就近的名词或代词保持一致。如：Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat.bothand表示“和都”，谓语动词一般用复数形式。,Both his father and mother are doctors.,4.当主语由as well as,with,along with,together with，rather than,no less than,but,except,besides,in addition to,like,including等词连接时，其谓语动词与前面的名词或代词保持一致。如：An iron and steal works,with some satellite factories,is to be built here.Tom,along with his friends,goes skating every Saturday.,五、number；many a.等作主语时。the number of.(的数目)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；a number of.(许多)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：The number of mistakes is surprising.many a,more than one单数名词构成的短语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Many a comrade has that kind of opportunity.,六、表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词作主语时。当主语是most,the rest,the last,the remainder等时，其谓语一 般应遵循意义一致的原则：如果of后面的名词是单数，则用单 数；如果of后面的名词表示复数，则用复数。如：Three of us will go,the rest are to stay here.After the big fire,the remainder is nothing.,百分数、分数作主语时。当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓 语动词用复数；如果是单数名词(或不可数名词)或代词，谓语动词用单数。如：Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls.Threefourths of the surface of the earth is sea.,None of+做主语时，如果其后的名词是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果是可数名词，谓语动词单、复数均可。None of the water was left.None of the students has/have ever been to the island.,七、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的使用1.something,everything,anything,nothing,everybody,anybody,nobody,everyone,anyone等不定代词，以及either（either of),neither(neither of),each(each of),each one,no one等代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.Neither of the answers is right.Something is wrong with my computer.,2.both,few,a few,many,several,other等它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。e.g.A few people live to 100,but few people live to 150.Many of them have computers.3.all 表复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式；all 表单数时，谓语动词要用动词的第三人称单数形式。All planets do not have a satellite.All is not gold that glitters.,八、从句、动词不定式、ing形式作主语时。在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数；动词不定式、ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：What caused the accident is a complete mystery.To learn English well is difflcult.,九、在定语从句中，关系代词who,which,that 作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致。Those who want to go should meet here.Tom likes music that has great lyrics.,十、“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中的主谓一致。在“one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。如：This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire.在“the only one of复数名词定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。如：Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band.,十一.There be 结构的就近原则 There be 句型中的be动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。,There is a teacher,a desk,some desks and some chairs in the classroom.,十二、“the形容词/过去分词”作主语时。当“the形容词/过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数；如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词则用单数。如：The sick here are very well cared for.The true is to be distinguished from the false.,主谓一致正误辨析同学们在主谓一致问题上经常会犯判断失误的错误，现将有关主谓一致现象的难点归纳如下：,一、主语为单数集体名词，谓语动词用复数的情况例1警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。误 The police is searching the city for a thief.正 The police are searching the city for a thief.析 police，people，cattle(牛)等词虽然形式上是单数，但意义上却为复数，谓语动词需用复数形式。例2在我国老人受到很好的照顾。误 The old is taken good care of in our country.正 The old are taken good care of in our country.析某些形容词前加上定冠词the，如the old，the young，the dead，the rich，the sick等，用以表示一类人时，其意义为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。,二、主语为复数形式，谓语动词用单数的情况例1纽约时报是流行于美国各地的报纸。误 The New York Times are read all over the United States.正 The New York Times is read all over the United States.析当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，通常把它们作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。例2这条裤子是他哥哥的。误 This pair of trousers are his brothers.正 This pair of trousers is his brothers.析一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词，如trousers，glasses，shoes等，作主语时，若前面有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的量词，则谓语动词用单数，不带量词时，则谓语动词用复数形式。,三、主语为单数形式，谓语动词有时用单数，有时用复数的情况例1他家里人正等着他。误 His family is waiting for him.正 His family are waiting for him.析有些集体名词，如family，class，group，team，nation，couple等，作主语时，若作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如果就其中一个个成员考虑，谓语动词则用复数形式。例2我们需要许多食物。误 Lots of food are needed by us.正 Lots of food is needed by us.析 a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数依据名词的数而定。,四、并列主语与谓语动词数的一致的情况例1那位教师兼作家来参加会议了。误 The teacher and writer have come to the meeting.正 The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.析由and连接的两个(或两个以上)单数主语，指同一人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。例2每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。误 Every boy and every girl have the right to education.正 Every boy and every girl has the right to education.析由and连接两个单数主语，若前面有every，each等限定时，谓语动词用单数形式。,五、几种特殊结构的主谓语一致例1和这些孩子们交谈是一件愉快的事。误 To tallk with the children are a great pleasure.正 To talk with the children is a great pleasure.析该句是不定式作主语，表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例2一切都准备好了，是吗?误 Everything are ready，arent they?正 Everything is ready，isnt it?析 everything，something，nothing等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词用单数形式，附加疑问句中谓语动词和相应代词都只可用单数形式。不定代词everybody，someone,anyone，nobody等作主语时，陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是，在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。Everyone is having fun,arent they?,单项选择1.Lingling is away.She with her mother _ to Beijing to see her grandparents.A.has gone B.have gone C.has been D.have been2.Physics _ more interesting than maths,I think.A.are B.is C.was D.were,4.The mother with two children often _to the town.A.go B.goesC.Are going D.is going Ten days _ not enough for me.A.is B.areC.am D.be 6.Neither my sister nor I _ computer games just now A.played B.playsC.play D.playing,7.The singer and teacher _coming now.A.isB.are C.has D.have 8.His family _a large one.The whole family _watching TV.A.isis B.areare C.are.is D.is.are 9.Each student and each teacher _to the concert A.go B.hopeC.areD.wants,10.None of that books on the table _mine A.isB.are C.been D.were 11.All _done now A.have B.has C.has been D.have been 12.This pair of socks _for my mother.A.isB.are C.buy D.get,13.There _a desk,two beds and four chairs in the room A.is B.areC.has D.have 14.Nothing but grass and trees _the hill.A.covers B.cover C.coveringD.is covering 15.The box of rubbers _white A.is B.areC.be D.were,巩固练习1.A woman with a baby_ coming here.A.is B.are 2.The girl as well as the boys _learned to drive a car.A.has B.have 3.Whenever anything_,please stay here quietly.A.happens B.happen 4.Many a man_ the story.A.believe B.believes“many a单数可数名词”形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(意为“许多”)，若用作主语，其谓语通常与形式一致而不与意义一致(即谓语用单数)。5.A year and a half_ already passed.A.has B.have 6.Twelve percent of the workers here_ women.A.is B.are,A,A,A,B,A,B,7.His family_ watching TV.A.is B.are 8.Bread and butter_ their daily food.A.isB.are 9.Not only a pen but also two books _lost.A.wasB.were 10.The boy and the girl each_ their own toys.A.has B.have each作the boy and girl的同位语，中心词是the boy and girl,因而是复数 11.Maths_ not easy to learn.A.is B.are,B,A,B,B,A,12.To master the spirit of a foreign language_ not easy.A.is B.are 13.A number of the students_ going to visit the History Museum.A.is B.are 14.The number of the girl students in that school_ smaller than that of the boy students.A.is B.are 15.The doctor and scientist_ to the meeting.A.was invited B.were invited,A,B,A,A,