第12课新文化运动ppt课件.ppt
第12课 新文化运动,目标导航,识记新文化运动兴起的背景、标志、代表人物、主要内容和历史意义。理解新文化运动中“新”的含义。了解新文化运动在近代中国思想解放运动中的地位和作用。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一、新文化运动的兴起,新生的中华民国很快陷入政治混乱的局面之中。一部分先进知识分子经过痛苦的反思认识到：仅有政治制度的革新不足以救中国，必须启发国民新的伦理道德意识，培养国民的独立人格，彻底荡涤封建旧文化的毒害，进行一场思想文化领域的革新运动。,1.背景：,1915年，陈独秀在上海创办青年杂志（从第二卷起改名为新青年）。,2.标志：,陈独秀、胡适、李大钊、鲁迅等。,3.代表人物：,西方的民主与科学思想。,4.宣传：,封建的旧道德、旧文化。,5.抨击：,新青年和北京大学。,6.重要阵地：,相关史事：,新文化运动提倡男女平等、个性解放。大学是否应该开放女禁，成为当时社会普遍关注的问题。蔡元培、胡适等人都赞成大学开放女禁，很多女性也积极争取接受高等教育的权利。1920年春，北京大学首次招收9名女生入学旁听，开创了中国国立大学男女同校的先例。,人物扫描：,蔡元培，浙江绍兴人，中国近代著名民主革命家和教育家。蔡元培在1916年出任北京大学校长之后，着力营造“兼容并包”和“思想自由”的学术研究氛围，聘请了一大批具有新思想的学者到北京大学任教，使得北京大学不仅成为人才鼎盛、学术兴旺的全国最高学府，也成为中国新文化运动的大本营。,蔡元培（1868-1940）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,二、新文化运动的内容与意义,抨击旧道德和旧文化：针对北洋政府统治时期猖獗一时的尊孔复古逆流，新青年发表了大量文章，猛烈抨击封建的旧道德和旧文化。鲁迅的白话小说狂人日记，以新文学的形式深刻揭露了封建礼教的吃人本质，号召人民起来推翻“黑漆漆的”吃人社会。,1.内容：,提倡民主与科学：民主与科学是新文化运动所标举的两大口号，由陈独秀首先提出。他还将它们形象地称为“德先生”和“赛先生”。,文学革命的表现,人物,胡适,陈独秀,鲁迅,文章,影响,文学改良刍议,文学革命论,狂人日记,以白话文作为新文学的语言,提出了“文学革命”的旗号,以新文学的形式深刻揭露了封建礼教的吃人本质,进步性：它打开了遏制新思想涌流的闸门，掀起了一股思想解放的潮流。它动摇了封建道德礼教的统治地位，使中国人民接受了一次民主与科学的洗礼，为随后爆发的五四运动起了思想宣传和铺垫的作用。,2.意义：,局限性：新文化运动对于中国传统文化的看法带有一定的片面性。,新文化运动,开始：1915年，创办青年杂志,代表：陈独秀、李大钊、胡适、鲁迅,阵地：新青年和北京大学,口号：民主、科学,内容：思想革命、文学革命,影响：掀起了一股思想解放的潮流，动摇了封建道德礼教的统治地位,
