汉译英换序和转态译法ppt课件.ppt

10 换序和转态译法,Warm-up Ex.,1.(联合国）秘书长2.第三人称单数3.第三页4.有关各方5.所犯的错误6.一个善良正直的人7.下一天8.军事法庭9.独一无二的地位,1.secretary general(of the U.N.)2.the third person singular3.Page Three4.the parties concerned5.the mistake made6.a man good and true7.the day following8.court martial9.a position unique,1.据悉2.无可否认3.最好4.已经证明5.有人主张6.可以肯定7.由此可见,1.It is learned that2.It cannot be denied that3.It is preferred that4.It has been proved that5.It is asserted that6.It may be confirmed that7.It will be seen from this that,10.1 换序译法10.1.1 主语换序10.1.2 谓语换序10.1.3 宾语换序10.1.4 定语换序10.1.5 状语换序10.1.6 复杂换序,10.2 转态译法10.2.1 汉语被动译为英语被动10.2.1.1 汉语中典型的被动句10.2.1.2“是的”句型10.2.1.3无形式标记的被动10.2.2汉语被动译成英语主动10.2.3 汉语主动译成英语被动10.2.3.1 出于习惯或礼貌上考虑10.2.3.2为了回避施事者10.2.3.2为了加强上下文连贯、衔接,语序：通常指句子中各个成分的排列顺序，它体现词语间的关系。换序的必要性：1)英汉语思维不同，词序不同2)相对而言，汉语语序较固定；英语语序有固定的一面，又有灵活的一面。,10.1.1 主语换序,汉语：意合，强调语义不言自明，因此主语地位并不十分重要，往往首个分句中出现了主语，就可以统摄多个分句，且即使逻辑发生变化，也不一定言明。英语：主语不可或缺，地位相对重要，统摄全局。所以，汉译英时，主语选择很重要，往往决定是否能一处英语习惯的句子。,10.1.1 主语换序,自然界有各种不同的元素。1.Nature has different elements2.There are different elements in nature.由气体分子式求它的密度是很简单的事。1.To find the density of a gas from its formula is a simple matter.2.It is a simple matter to find the density of a gas from its formula.,10.1.1 主语换序,发生了这样的事不是你的错。Its not your fault that this has happened.首先解决付款条件对我们是非常必要的。Its necessary for us to settle the terms of payment first.我代表中方组委会，热烈欢迎来自美国教育界的朋友，热烈欢迎来自祖国各地的教育界朋友。On behalf of the Chinese Steering Committee,I extend a warm welcome to all the participants from educational circles in America,as well as to those from all over our own country.,10.1.2 谓语换序,汉语：一个句子多个动词英语：动词连用相对较少我们可借助专门的仪器观察到电波在传播。1.We can use the special instrument and observe the electric waves travelling along.2.With the help of a special instrument we can observe the electric waves travelling along.,10.1.2 谓语换序,我们可以利用电动机把电能变为机械能。Using an electric motor,we can change electrical energy into mechanical energy.虽然这两台车床的结构不同，但其效率是一样的。Much as the two lathes differ in structure,they have the same efficiency.,10.1.3 宾语换序,汉语：宾语通常置于谓语后，可长可短英语：宾语顺序常随句意要求进行变化。必须注意汽车的保养。1.Must pay attention to the cars maintenance.2.The maintenance of cars must be paid attention to.,10.1.3 宾语换序,我们工厂正在给他们制造一种新型装置。Our factory is making them a new-type device.在这种情况下，他们必须用齿轮代替滚轮。In this case they have to substitute the gear for the roller.,10.1.4 定语换序,汉语：定语常置于中心词前英语：定语位置灵活得多另外，多个定语排列顺序也不尽相同1.Some-,any-,every-,no-的复合词，定语在后2.ible,-able结尾的形容词作定语，后置3.某个形容词与every,the only,a.最高级连用来修饰一个名词时，常后置4.起表语作用的a.作定语，后置5.某些成对形容词作定语要后置。,10.1.4 定语换序,在这里学习的多数是中学老师。Most of the people studying here are middle school teachers.国家不论大小贫富，都应一律平等。All nations,large or small,rich or poor,should be equal.他是当今最伟大的哲学家之一。He is one of the greatest philosophers alive.Cf.p194,汉语定语词序 cf.p194,英语的定语词序cf.p194,10.1.5 状语换序,汉语状语：多放在主语之后，谓语之前 强调时，也可置于主语之前。英语状语：位置变化不定，根据需要放在句首、动词前、动词间、句末。,10.1.5 状语换序,如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。（条件句）1.If samples or brochure could be soon sent to us,it would be appreciated.2.It would be appreciated if samples or brochure could be soon sent to us.英文更习惯先表明态度，再讲条件。,10.1.5 状语换序,会议代表昨天上午在会议室热烈地讨论了温总理的报告。The conference delegates discussed Premier Wens report animatedly in the meeting room yesterday morning.为此，我公司于去年2月郑重地多次向贵方表示For this reason,our company explained solemnly to your company for many times in February last year,10.1.5 状语换序 Ex.,巴金1904年出生在中国四川省的一个封建大地主家庭。Ba Jin was born in 1904 into a big landlord family in Sichuan Province in China.史密斯先生多次在紧急时刻助我一臂之力。Many a time has Mr.Smith given me a hand in emergency.,10.1.6 复杂换序,复杂换序：多种成分并存或相互交叉。这（三个）县经历了（那场中国70年代第四次极为严重的遍及数省的自然）灾害。The three counties underwent the fourth most serious natural disaster that plagued several provinces in China in 1970s.【由于受到顽强抵抗】，（吹嘘能在数小时之内就占领战略要地的）敌人，甚至还没有能占领外围地带，这一事件使我增强了信心。I take heart from the fact that the enemy,which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours,has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions,because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.,10.2 转态译法,语态有两种：主动和被动。转态译法：翻译时需要进行语态转换，即主动译成被动或被动译成主动。,10.2.1 汉语被动译为英语被动10.2.1.1 汉语中典型的被动句,汉语被动句：形式标记：被、挨、叫、让、受、给、由、为所、加以、予以汉语中显而易见的被动句译为英语被动句。（略）cf.200,10.2.1.2“是的”句型,汉语中有一类“是的”句型，以主动形式表达被动意义，汉译英时，常译为英语被动句。我的前30年是在美国西部度过的。My first thirty years were spent in western America.接见同学们的是系主任助理。The students were received by the dean assistant.空气中的含氧量是用这种方法测出的。The quantity of oxygen in the air is known in this way.,10.2.1.3 无形式标记的被动,汉语中有泪句子无被动助词，看似主动，主谓关系上有被动含义。往往为动宾结构，宾语被拿作主语。运动会什么时候开？When will the sports meet be held?这儿要修更多公路。More highways will be built here.大米主要产自南方。Rice is chiefly grown in the south.,10.2.1.3 无形式标记的被动,还有一些无被动标记的汉语无主句，用来表达观点、态度、要求、告诫、号召等，译成英语也要采用被动结构。应该教育儿童讲老实话。Children should be taught to speak the truth.发现了错误，一定要改正。Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.,10.2.2汉语被动译成英语主动,汉语：一些句式简短、形式上看似被动的句子，往往省略了主语，暗含的主语通过上下文很容易得出。这时，汉译英一般用英语主动形式表达。,10.2.2汉语被动译成英语主动,这个练习要做吗？Shall we do this exercise?我公司职工代表被授予了光荣称号。Staff representatives of this company received certificates of honor.这个句子最好这样翻译。Wed better translate the sentence this way.,10.2.3 汉语主动译成英语被动10.2.3.1 出于习惯或礼貌上考虑,必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.请旅客在此填写报关表。Passengers are requested to fill in the customs declaration form here.匆匆忙忙拟定了一个应急计划。A contingency kntindnsi plan was hastily drawn up.,10.2.3 汉语主动译成英语被动10.2.3.2为了回避施事者,汉语：不愿提及、没有必要提及、根本无从指明实施者时，会利用“人们、有人、大家、据说、众所周知”等做主语，译成英语常用被动句，句式常为：It+be+done（略）cf.p202-3,10.2.3 汉语主动译成英语被动10.2.3.2为了加强上下文连贯、衔接,英语中强调主语统帅全局的地位，一般不喜欢频繁变换主语，因此当上句主语为下句宾语时，可以把两句合译，共用一个主语，显得连贯、紧凑。,10.2.3 汉语主动译成英语被动10.2.3.2为了加强上下文连贯、衔接,约翰真的爱玛丽，而玛丽也爱约翰。John actually loved Mary and was loved in return.他出现在台上，观众热烈鼓掌欢迎。He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.人的思想形成语言，而语言又影响了人的思想。Language is shaped by,and shapes human thought.,