查尔斯狄更斯的个人简介ppt课件.ppt

The greatest representative of English critical realism,Charles Dickens（1812-1870）,19世纪是英国自第一次工业革命后的巅峰时期，因为当时英国女皇是维多利亚，所以 当时也叫维多利亚时代。英国国力鼎盛，四海升平，海外殖民地是本土面积的100多倍，美誉为日不落帝国。英国小说也步入了繁荣昌盛的时代。,Major Works,Bleak HouseHard TimesLittle Dorrit A Tale of Two CitiesGreat ExpectationsOur Mutual Friend Oliver Twist,荒凉山庄艰难时世小杜丽 双城记远大前程我们共同的朋友雾都孤儿,Plot of Oliver Twist,Olivers birth：of unknown parentagemistreated by Bumble,the parish peopleIn London,he falls into the hands of a gang thieves.Rescued by Mr.BrownlowKidnapped by the thievesWounded in a burgling，rescued by Mrs.Maylie and Rose.Adopted by Mr.Brownlow。A happy ending。,Characteristics of the novel,The novel exposes the inhumanity of city life in London.It shows the extreme cruelty and corruption the helpless suffernings of the poor.Oliver is the only one who becomes happy and successful in the end.The happy ending comes as a result of Dickenss optimistic belief in the triumph of good over evil.,狄更斯作品的思想内容,对维多利亚时代英国资本主义社会的批判对伦理道德的提倡和弘扬对人性的广泛而深入的探索狄更斯的人道主义思想：努力企求人的本性的复归以及人们之间的和谐关系，因而对资本主义社会使人性“异化”表现出强烈的抗议，对善良贫困的妇女，儿童及社会底层人民抱有极大的同情。,His achievement was in fact in presenting the underworld and problems of poverty to the well-off in a way rarely attempted previously.,Life Experience Major WorksDistinct Features of His Novels,His Life Experience,Dickens was born on February 7,1812,in Portsmouth and spent most of his childhood in London and Kent,both of which appear frequently in his novels.His father,a poor clerk in the Navy Pay office,was put into prison for debt when young Charles was only 12 years old.He had to give up schooling to work in a underground cellar.His bitter experience was reflected in many of Dickens novels.In 1827,Charles entered in a laywers office,and two years later,he become a Parliamentary reporter for newspapers.From1833,Dickens began to write occasional sketches of London life,which were later collected and published under the title Sketches by Boz.,The First Period,In 1836-1841,period of youthful optimist;fun,high spirit,nave optimism.At this stage,Dickens believed that all the evils of the capitalist world would be remedied if only men treated each other with kindliness,justice,and sympathetic understanding.Dickens thought that the whole social question would be solved if only every employer reformed himself according to the model set by the benevolent gentlemen in his novels.This native optimism is characteristic of the pretty-bourgeois humanitarians of the time.,Major Works,Sketches by Boz(The first book)The Pickwick Papers Oliver Twist Nichois NicklebyThe Old Curiosity ShopBarnaby Rudge,Plot of Oliver Twist,Olivers birth：of unknown parentageMaltreated by Bumble,the parish peopleIn London,he falls into the hands of a gang thieves.Rescued by Mr.BrownlowKidnapped by the thievesWounded in a burgling expedition，rescued by Mrs.Maylie and Rose.Adopted by Mr.Brownlow。A happy ending。,Characteristics of the novel,The novel exposes the inhumanity of city life under capitalism.It shows the extreme brutality and corruption of the oppressors and their agents and the helpless suffernings of the poor and oppressed。Oliver is the only one who emerges happy and successful in the end.The happy ending comes as a result of Dickenss optimistic belief in the inevitable triumph of good over evil.,His achievement was in fact in presenting the underworld and problems of poverty to the well-off in a way rarely attempted previously.,The Second Period,1842-1850,Period of excitement,irritation and frustration:exposing the corrupting influence of wealth and power,optimism turned into dissatisfaction and irritation.Dickens second period began from 1842,the year after his first visit to America.Before the visit,Dickens thought of the United States as a world in which there were no class divisions and human relations were humanitarian.But what impressed him most during his visit there was the rule of the dollar and the enormously corruptive influence of wealth and power.Dickenss nave optimism toward the capitalist society was profoundly shaken.,Major Works,American Notes Martin ChuzzlewitA Christmas CarolThe ChimesThe Cricket on the HearthDombey and SonDavid Copperfield,David Copperfield,Charles Deckens,Someone who is kind to others will be paid with kindness and evil willnot.,The story deals with the life of David Copperfield from childhood to maturity.David is born in England in about 1820.Davids father had died six months before he was born,and seven years later,his mother marries Mr.Edward Murdstone.David dislikes his stepfather and has similar feelings for Mr.Murdstones sister Jane,who moves into the house soon afterwards.Mr.Murdstone thrashes David for failing behind with his studies.Following one of these thrashings,David bites him and is sent away to a boarding school,Salem House,with a ruthless headmaster,Mr.Creakle.Here he befriends James Steerforth.,David returns home for the holidays to find out that his mother has had a baby die and David has to return home immediately.Mr.Murdstone sends him to work in a factory in London,of which Murdstone is a joint owner.The grim reality of hand-to-mouth factory existence echoes Dickensown travails in a blacking factory.His landlord,Mr.Wilkins Micawber,is sent to a debtors prison after going bankrupt,and is there for several months before being released and moving to Plymouth.David now has nobody left to care for him in London,and decides to run away.,FirstDavid-the main role of the novel.His father died before he could be give a birth.His mother married Murdstone and became his stepfather.That is the start of his hard life.However after his endeavor,he married his lover Doraa beautiful and innocent girl.But not long after their marriage,Dora died of disease.At the end of the novel,he lived with Agness.,Second,Betsey Trotwood-Davids aunt.She is the key person who changed Davids life a lot.She is a rich,a little strange but also a kind woman.Her poverty was once conquered by Uriah.But just as the saying goes The evil will not triumph over the virtuous.she finally recapture her money by their efforts.,Third,Peggotty-Davids servant.She is very kind to David and his mother.She married a honest and also kind man,Barkis.And then they had a happy life.,The examples of evils bad results,One is Steerforths-He is handsome and brilliant.But he took Emily away even if she had already engaged with Ham.His life was finished by sea.Another is Uriah-the biggest evil in the story.He is the assistant of Agness father in lowers office.He conquered the office and robbed Betsey Trotwoods poverty in a mean way.There is no doubt that he got a bad result for his greedy.,The Third Period,1851-1870，a period of more steadily intensifying pessimism,showing underlying tone of bitterness,loss of hope for English bourgeois society.In his novels of this period,Dickens,consciously and subconsciously,shows himself more and more at bourgeois society.,A Tale of Two Cities,In“A Tale of Two Cities”,Dickens takes the French Revolution as the background of his novel,and the two cities are Paris and London in the time of revolution.,这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代；这是明智的时代，这是愚昧的时代；这是信任的纪元，这是怀疑的纪元；这是光明的季节，这是黑暗的季节；这是希望的春日，这是失望的冬日；我们面前应有尽有，我们面前一无所有；我们都将直上天堂，我们都将直下地狱,It was the best of times,it was the worst of times;it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness;it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity;it was the season of Light,it was the season of Darkness;it was the spring of hope,it was the winter of despair;we had everything before us,we had nothing before us;we were all going directly to Heaven,we were all going the other way.,18 years before in 1757,because of knowing a terrible secret,Dr.Manette was picked up and sent to the Bastille-one of the most terrible prisons in the world,by the noble Marquis St.Evremonde.18 years after in 1775,His only daughter,Lucie Manette,fell in love with Charles Darnay,the nephew of the Marquis St.Evremonde,which abandoned the noble degree to live by himself.“Let the past be past.”Thought Dr.Marnette,and was preparing to have a happy new life with his daughter and her husband.But the revolution of France broke,and because of his family,Charles Darnay was denounced-denounced by a letter which was wrote by Dr.Marnette himself 18 years ago!What a cruel strike!Isnt it?Though he was innocent,poor Charles would have been sent to the guillotine.The story seems to be over thus far,but,There is another man we might refer to,that is Sydney Carton,the lawyer of England,the good friend of Manettes families,who took after Charles very much.It was he,finally be killed instead by his own mind.When Sydney was killed as Charles,there was much hope on his face.What was he thinking about as he went to his death?If we could have listened to his thoughts,we might have heard beautiful things:“Its the time.May God forgive me.But I see the death of all who hate.I see a new France,growing from out of the old.I see a beautiful Paris filled with happy people.And I see the lives which I have saved.They are happy in England.There is a boy-child in lucres arms.And he is named Sydney.He will grow old and bring love to my name.It is a far,far better thing that I do than I have ever done.It is a far,far better rest that I go to than I have ever known.,A Tale of Two Cities,Subject:the French RevolutionTheme：Where there is oppression，there is revolution.The fate of Dr.Manette is typical of bourgeois intellectuals who had hoped for a revolution,but retreated before the French Revolution.The novel shows that peoples lust for vengeance，it is the direct product of the ruling classes monstrous atrocities。The novel takes the side of the common people against that of the privileged classes.It adds a warning of an Avenging Fate.,What impresses the readers,His writing style is florid and poetic,with a strong comic touch.His satires of British aristocratic snobbery are often popular.Comparing orphans to stocks and shares,people to tug boats,or dinner-party guests to furniture are just some of Dickenss acclaimed flights of fancy.Many of his characters names provide the reader with a hint as to the roles played in advancing the storyline,such as Mr.Murdstone in the novel David Copperfield,which is clearly a combination of murder and stony coldness.His literary style is also a mixture of fantasy and realism.,狄更斯作品的思想内容,对维多利亚时代英国资本主义社会的批判对伦理道德的提倡和弘扬对人性的广泛而深入的探索狄更斯的人道主义思想：努力企求人的本性的复归以及人们之间的和谐关系，因而对资本主义社会使人性“异化”表现出强烈的抗议，对善良贫困的妇女，儿童及社会底层人民抱有极大的同情。,狄更斯式的人道主义,三位一体：他的儿童观纯真与善良，基督教的泛爱思想资产阶级的人道主义思想。其人道主义的核心内容是：倡导自由平等,博爱，希望实现儿童那样的天真，善良，自然，淳朴的人性和人与人之间的关系，从而使邪恶的世界变得光明而美好.,Features of his work,A character sketches and exaggerationBroad humor and penetrating satireComplicated and fascinating plotThe power of exposure,Character Sketches-Exaggeration,Dickens was skillful in drawing vivid sketches by exaggerating some peculiarities,to give them exactly the actions or words that fit them.That is right words and right actions for right person。These characters are so typical that they become representative of a whole group of similar person。,Dickens describes the characters mainly through their dressing and outlook instead of its inner heart。如匹克威克，和蔼可亲，天真可爱的胖绅士，他的圆眼镜，白背心和紧身裤子，他的圆圆的肚子和翘起在背后的上衣尾巴。,Broad Humor and Penetrating Satire,Dickens is well known as a humorist as well as a satirist.He sometimes employs humor o enliven scene or lighten a character by making it eccentric,whimsical or laughable.Sometimes he uses satire to ridicule human voices,with the purpose of laughing them out of existence or bring about reform.,Complicated and Fascinating Plot,Dickens seems to love complicated novel constructions with mirror plots beside the major one novel.He is also skillful at creating suspense and mystery to make the story fascinating.,The Power of Exposure,As the greatest representative of English critical realism,Dickens made his novel the instrument of morality and justice.Each of his novels reveals a specific social problem.What is more,hed like to write his own feelings on different things.,His Literary Achievements（一）,Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realistic writers of the Victorian Age.It is his serious intention to expose in his works all the poverty,injustice,corruptness he saw all around him.In his works.Dickens sets a large-scale criticism of the 19th-century England,particular London.A combination of optimism about people and realism about society is obvious in these works.His representative works in the early period include Oliver Twist,David Copperfield and so on,His Literary Achievements（二）,Charles Dickens is a master story-teller.His language could.In a way,be compared with Shakespeares.His humor and wit seem inexhaustible.Character-portrayal is the most outstanding feature works.His characterizations of child(Oliver Twist etc.),some grotesque people,some comical people are superb.Dickens also employs exaggeration in his works.Dickens works are also characterized by mixture of humor and pathos.,谢谢！,