医学英语的词缀类别医学医药ppt课件.ppt
医学英语的词缀类别,1.炎:the inflammation of/-itis,肝炎，动脉炎，扁桃体炎，血管炎，肾炎，喉气管支气管炎，胰腺炎，盲肠炎，卵巢炎，毛囊炎，结肠炎，前列腺炎，膀胱炎，脊髓灰质炎，脑炎，心内膜炎，胸膜炎，滑膜炎，全关节炎，肺炎。,hepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:liver arteritis动脉炎;arter/o:artery tonsillitis扁桃体炎;tonsill/o:tosilvasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:vas/o:vesselnephritis肾炎;nephr/o:kidney,laryngeotracheobronchitis喉气管支气管炎;(larynx)(trachea)(bronchus)pancreatitis胰腺炎;pancreat/o:pancreas cecitis盲肠炎;cec/o:cecum,ceca ovaritis;oophoritis卵巢炎;ovary=oophron,folliculitis毛囊炎;follicul/o:follicle colitis=colonitis结肠炎;col/o:colonprostatitis前列腺炎;prostat/o:prostatecystitis膀胱炎;cyst/o:bladder,cystpoliomyelitis脊髓灰质炎;poli-:grey;myel/o:bone marrow,spinal cord(骨髓),cephalitis脑炎;cephal/o:head endocarditis心内膜炎;cardi/o:heart pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleura synovitis滑膜炎;synov/o:synoviapanarthritis全关节炎;pan-:all;arthr/o:joint pneumonia肺炎,2.痛,headache,stomachache.the pain of;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynia神经痛,胸痛,乳突痛，乳痛，心痛，足痛风，胃痛，关节痛，头痛，腹痛，腿痛，胸骨痛，剑突痛,neuralgia神经痛;neur/o:nerve;thoracalgia=pectoralgia胸痛;pector/o:thorac/o:chest mastoidalgia乳突痛;mastoid:乳突 mastalgia乳痛;mast/o:breast algometer测痛仪,cardiodynia心痛podagra or podalgia足痛风;pod/o:foot;gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:gaster,stomacharthralgia关节痛;arthr/o:jointcephalodynia头痛;cephal/o:headabdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:abdomen,skelalgia腿痛;skel/o:skelos,legsternodynia胸骨痛;stern/o:sternum,breat bonexiphoidalgia,xiphodynia剑突痛;xiphoid/o:xiph/o:xiphoid,3.术operation of.,缝合术，固定术，切除术，切开术，造口术，穿刺术，碎石术，折骨术，灌洗术，成形术，结扎术，造影术,缝合术:-orraphy aneurysmorraphy(suture);动脉瘤缝术 aneurysm:动脉瘤切除术:ectomy:removal pharyngectomy咽切除 pharyng/o:pharynx;,固定术:-pexy:fixing hysteropexy(fixing);hysteropexia(fixing)子宫固定术 hyster,uterus,womb(子宫)rectopexy直肠固定术 rect/o:rectum,appendectomy:阑尾切除术 append/o:appendic/o:appendix阑尾 gastrectomy:胃切除术；gastr/o:gaster;stomach splenectomy:脾切除术；splen/o：spleen,切开术:-tomy:process of cutting tracheotomy:气管切开；trache/o:trachea;windpipe 气管 hysterotomy:子宫切开；craniotomy:颅骨切开；crani/o:cranium,skull,nephrotomy:肾切开术;nephr/o:ren/o:kidneyceliotomy 剖腹术celi/o:abdomen;belly结扎术:-desis：binding together aneurysmodesis:动脉瘤结扎,切器，切刀-tome:instrument for cutting thoracotome开胸刀；thorac/o:thorax,chest胸碎石术:-tripsy：crushing lithotripsy：碎石术；lith/o:stone:结石,造口/吻合术:ostomy:process of making an opening or a connection between)gastrostomy胃造口术 esophagogastrostomy;食管胃吻合术 esophagus:食管(asfgs)duodenoenterostomy:十二指肠吻合术 duoden/o:duodenum十二指肠；enter/o:intestine;small intestine 肠，小肠,穿刺术:-centesis:surgical puncture to withdraw fluid;或者 nyxis:pricking穿刺 amniocentesis:羊膜穿刺术 amni/o:amnion羊膜 hyalnyxis:玻璃体穿刺术;hyal/o:glass,glasslike,transparent玻片样的;透明的,折(骨)术:-clasia：fracture，breaking osteoclasia：折骨术 oste/o:bone 灌洗术:-clysis：washing bronchoclysis：支气管灌洗术；bronch/o:bronchus支气管,造影术:-graphy:process of recording arteriography:动脉造影；arteri/o:artery phlebography：静脉造影 phleb/o ven/o:vein angiography:血管造影 angi/o:vessel vas/o:vessel 血管，输精管 nephrography:肾造影 nephr/o:kidney,成形术:-plasty:surgical reshapingvalvoplasty:瓣膜成形术;valv/o:valve瓣膜 osteplasty骨成形术；myoplasty 肌成形术 my/o:muscle肌整形术：ortho-:straight;orthopedic 整形外科的；orthopod整形外科医生；orthotherapy整形疗法,4.方位/时间方面的词缀,上：upper/superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮组织；supracostal上肋的；cost/o:rib肋骨 epicondyle上髁;condyle:髁 supercerebellar小脑上的;cerebell/o:cerebellum下：lower/inferior;infra-;sub-subcutaneous 皮下的；cutane/o:skin infratracheal气管下的;trachea=windpipe,前：front/anterior/prior/fore-;ante-;pre-;antero-forehead前额；anteroposterior前后的 precirrhosis前期肝硬化；cirrh/o:orange硬变 antepartal产前的;part/o:give birth prodroma/prodrome前驱症状:an early symptom that a disease is developing or that an attack is about to occur,后：back/posterior/post-;retro-postheptical肝后的；heptic/o:liver;postprandial餐后的；prand/o:meals retrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heartpostpharyngeal咽后的;pharyng/o:pharynx咽,内：inner/internal/in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;inhale,inhalation吸入 endoscopy内窥镜检；-scopy：visual exam entocranial颅内的；crani/o:skull,cranium intra-arachnoid 珠网膜内的 encelitis内脏炎;celi/o:abdomen腹腔,外：outer/external/ex-;exo-;ultra-；extra-；extract抽出；exhale呼出 excretion排泄物；exocardial心外的 ultraviolet紫外线;ultra-:beyond 腹膜外的:extraperitoneal;peritoneum腹膜,间：inter-;between;intermuscular肌肉间的；intercostal肋间的 interchondral软骨间的;chondr/o:chartilage软骨,副，旁：on the side of;para-;parathyroid甲状旁腺 pararenal肾旁的 ren/o：kidneyparenteral肠胃外的;enter/o:intestine,small intestine,反；对立：opposite;conter-;contra-;counterpart对等物或人；countershock抗休克 contraindication禁忌症,全：pan-:whole,all pancarditis全心肌炎;pancolectomy泛结肠切除；col/o:colon结肠 panmyelosis全骨髓增生中:mid;midabdomen中腹部中心：central;centri-,centra-;centro-centrifugation离心；centralize v.centronucleus中心核,周：around;peri-;perioperative手术期间的，peritoneum腹膜 periadenitis腺周炎;aden/o:gland pericarditis心包炎,5.颜色方面的词缀,颜色：colour,chrom-;chromo-;chromat/o;chromosome染色体；-some:body chromatin染色板 chromatometer比色计;-meter:instrument for measuring,白：white；leuk/o:alb/o:,albin/o:album-:leukocyte白细胞；leukemia白血病 leukocyteuria尿白细胞症 albinism白化病 albumin白蛋白;leukoderma白斑;derm/o:skin leukonychia白甲;onych/o:nail leukopoiesis白细胞生成(-poiesis:生成production,formation,黑：black;melano-;melanoderma黑皮病 melanoma黑色瘤 melanin黑色素;-in:substance(素)melanosarcoma黑肉瘤;sarc/o:flesh nigrometer黑度计;nigr/o:nigra(黑质),紫：purple purpura紫癜粉色：pink;pink frothy sputum粉红色泡沫痰青铜色：bronzed bronzed diabetes青铜色糖尿病,棕色：brown;brown mixture甘草合剂 brown sugar红糖橙色：orange;ethyl orange乙基橙蓝色：blue；cyan/o：cyanhidrosis(蓝)汗症 hidr/o:sweat cyanosis紫绀；cyanopsia蓝视症 cyanemia蓝血症,红色：red；erythro-;rub/o;erythema红斑(Greek)erythroderma=erytherodermia;红皮病 erythromycin红霉素;myc/o:fungus霉菌 rubefaction发红(皮肤发红)n.erythrochloropia红绿视症;chlor/o:green-opia:vision bilirubin=cholerythrin胆红素;chol/o:,bil/o:bile,erythrocyte红细胞 erythrocyturia血尿 erythrometer红细胞计数灰色：grey;poli-；poliomyelitis骨髓灰质炎;myel/o:bone marrow,青：glauc/o:greenish,grey glaucoma青光眼;glaucobilin胆青素;bil/o:bile chloroquine氯奎 chlorophyll叶绿素;-phyll:leaf,黄色：yellow;xantho-;xanthoma黄瘤;xanth/o:yellowxanthine黄嘌呤jaundice黄疸xanthosis黄疸xanthoma脂肪性纤维瘤,6.脏器方面的词缀,心 heart,cardio-carditis 心脏炎；cardiopuncture心穿刺术 cardiology 心脏病学；cardiologist脑 brain encephalo-；cerebral cerebrum大脑；encephalitis大脑炎 cerebellum小脑；cerebritis小脑炎,肺 lung pulmon-：pulmonary pulmonitis 肺炎；pneumonia肺炎pulmonectomy肺切除；pulmonology肺学肝liver，hepato-；heptatic hepatitis肝炎；hepatology肝学 hepatobiliary 肝胆的；bil/o:bile,胃 stomach，gastro-；gastric gastritis 胃炎；gastrointestinal胃肠的 gastrology胃学胆gallbladder;chol/o:biliary,bile cholecystits 胆囊炎;cyst/o:cyst,urinary bladder囊，膀胱 cholecyst 胆囊；gall-stone胆结石,肠 intestine；entero-；intestinal enteritis肠炎；enterectomy肠切除脾spleen splen/o:spleen;splenalgia脾痛 algia:pain splenectomy 脾切除术胰腺pancreas，panreatic；pancreat/o:pancreatits胰腺炎；pancreatopathy胰病,肾 kidney；nephro-；rena-；nephritis肾炎；nephropathy肾病 renal failure肾衰竭；renal portal vein肾门静脉血 blood hem/o:;hemat/o:hematology 血液学；hemoglobin血红蛋白 hematoma 血肿；hemorrhage 出血，失血,血管 blood vessel；vaso-；cardiovasology心血管学；cerebrovascular脑血管的静脉vein；ven-；venography静脉造影；intravenous静脉注射的；静脉内的 venoconstriction静脉收缩；venodilation静脉扩张,动脉artery；arterio-；arteriology动脉学；arteriole小动脉 arteriosclerosis动脉硬化肌肉muscle；my/o:muscle myology 肌肉学；myocarditis心肌炎骨髓bone marrow；myel/o:myelitis骨髓炎；myeloma骨髓瘤,神经 nerve；neur/o:neuro-neurology 神经学；neuritis神经炎 neuron神经元 细胞cell；cyte-；-cyte cytology细胞学；leukocyte白细胞 cytoma细胞瘤,尿urine uro-；ur-urology泌尿学；urosurgery泌尿手术 urogenital 泌尿生殖的体 body，somat/o:-some somatology 躯体学；somatopsychic身心的 chromosome染色体,7.与检查有关的词缀,镜检：-scopy镜检法;scope镜 gastroscopy 胃镜法；celioscope；laparoscope体腔镜；腹腔镜 celi/o:lapar/o:abodomen,belly peritoneoscopy腹膜镜检法 cardioscope心脏检查镜，,量具：-meter:instrument for measuring cardiometer心力计；thermometer温度计 blood pressure meter血压计 densimeter密度计；density密度,心电图：electrocardiogram=ECG;eletrocardiograph心电图仪脑电图:electroencephalogram=EEGB超:type B ultrasonicCT：computerized tomography计算机x射线断层同位素:isotope;isotopic examination 同位素检查,尿检 urine analysis血常规 blood routine,8.数字方面的词缀,一：mon/o:uni-Monday;carbon monoxideunidirection单向的 monoclone单克隆,二：bi-；di-bilateral两侧的 biphasic双向性的 carbon dioxide dipoptide二肽,三：tri-trilateral三边的 tricycle四：tetra-tetracycline四环素 tetraplegia四瘫 tetramer 四聚物,五：penta-Pentagon五边形 pentachromic五色的 pentachloride五氯化钠六：hexa-hexachromic六色的 benzene hexachloride 六氯化苯（六六六）,七：hepta-;sept/o:seven;septum(隔膜)heptachromic七色的 heptaploid七倍体 septangle 七边形；septotomy 房隔切开术 septostomy 房隔造口术,八：octa-octahedral八面体的octal system八进制,九：nona-nonapeptide九肽 nonagon九边形十：deca-decade十年 decagram十克 deciliter十分升,多：poly-；multi-；polyuria多尿；polymer聚合体 polyopia复视症；multimedia polyp=polypus息肉;pus:脓polyoposia饮水过多;-posia:drinkingpolyphagia贪食症(杂食);phag/o:eating,少：-penia：-penic：deficiency,lack；olig/o:deficiency,few agranulocytopenia粒细胞缺乏症 oliguria小便减少;hypomenorrhea=oligomenorrhea月经过少;(men/o:menstruation;-rrhea:flow,discharge)osteopenia骨质稀少,大：macro-;-megaly macronucleus巨核；macrophage巨噬细胞splenomegaly脾肿大；hepatmegaly肝肿大小:micro-;-let microorganism；microscopy micronucleus微核；droplet小滴；platelet血小板 leaflet小叶；booklet小册,肥大:hypertrophy:-trophy:nourishiment萎缩:atrophy下垂:hypophysis:physis:growth eg.cerebri hypophysis:脑垂体 pharyngeal hypophysis:咽垂体,9.其他方面的词缀,1.怕，畏惧 phobia:fear photophobia phot/o:light畏光 noctophobia;noct/o:night怕黑hydraphobia恐水症(狂犬病)hydro-water xenophobia怕生客;xen/o:stranger,困难 dys-：bad,difficulty dysfunction功能障碍;dyspepsia消化不良 peps/o：digestion dyspnea呼吸困难-pnea：breathing dysuria排尿困难dystrophy;-trophy:nourishment营养不良,dystocia难产-tocia：birth dystopia=dystopy异位,错位 top/o：positiondysplasia发育不良;plas/o:-plasia:formation,growth,development hypogenesis(formation)发育不全,不良 mal-：bad malnutrition营养不良；malpractice事故 malfunction机能障碍 malignant恶性的maladministration管理不善,好，正，eu-：good eupepsia消化良好（正常）peps/o:digestion eutopic正位的:top/o:position,location eutocia顺产(正常分娩;-tocia/-toscin:labour,delivery 分娩 euesthesia感觉良好（正常）:esthesi/o:feeling eugenic优生的adj.eugenics优生学;gen/o:producing euthanasia安乐死;-thanasia:death,瘤，肿块 oma:tumor;cancer;swelling lymphoma淋巴瘤；adenoma腺瘤 hematoma血肿血症 emia：blood condition leukemia白血病；septisemia败血症 bacteremial菌血症 anemia贫血 an-：without,高：hyper-：high，above;hyperdynamia:肌力过度;hypertension高血压（high blood pressure）hypertonia张力/压力过高 hypertonic adj.hypersensitive hyperplasia增生-plasia：growth,低：hypo-;low;below hypotonia hypotonic张力/压力过低（的）hypodynamia乏力（力不足）;dynam/o:power,force;dynamic adj.dynamics hypotension;low blood pressure,hyposensitive,急促：tachy-:quick tachypnea 呼吸急促 tachycardia(心动过速)急性：acute attack急性发作急诊：emergency慢性：chronic,麻痹 plegia:being senseless；paralysis hemiplegia 半身不遂；panplegia全身瘫痪 pan-：whole myoplegia肌瘫 facioplegia面瘫,坏死 necrosis：death，necro-；death hepatonecrosis肝坏死；necrospermia死精症；osteonecrosis骨坏死;oste/o:bone,流出 rrhea：flowing；bursting out diarrhea 腹泻；menorrhea行经(flow,discharge)hemorrhage出血(bursting forth of blood)entorrhagia内出血(bursting forth of blood)ent/o:inside,inner,狭窄-stenosis:narrowing arteriostenosis动脉狭窄软化 malacia;softening cerebromalacia脑软化 cerebr/o:cerebrum,brain,硬化-sclerosis:hardening cerebrosclerosis脑硬化 疏松-porosis:passage osteoporosis(passage)骨质疏松扩张,增大-ectasis:dilation,stretching bronchiectasis支气管扩张,止血-schesis：holding back,suppression of discharge)hemoschesis闭塞：rhinocleisis(closure,blockage闭)rhinocleisis鼻腔堵塞；rhin/o：nose,冲洗 clysis:washingrhinoclysis(washing)鼻冲洗 弯曲-cyllosis:-cyrtosis:crookingbrachiocyllosis=brachiocyrtosis臂弯曲brachi/o:brachium,arm;,疗法：-therapy radiotherapy放疗;radiotherapist(放疗专家)chemotherapy化疗 physiotherapy理疗 psychotherapy心理疗法 therapist治疗师,无，没有 a-an-:without atypical 非典型性的 asexual无性的 asymptomatic无症状的 anemia贫血 anorexia厌食症 orex/o:appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感觉缺失:esthesi/o:feeling,perception,肥胖:fat?obese adj.obesity n.夜间盗汗;night sweats 血常规:routine blood test,休克:shock:(pathology)bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells;characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor(苍白);loss of blood is an important cause of shock,中风:卒中（拉丁语）stroke cerebrovascular accident(CVA)apoplexy:a sudden loss of consciousness resulting when the rupture or occlusion/closure/blockage of a blood vessel leads to oxygen lack in the brain,假卒中，pseudoapoplexy;pseud/o:false痉挛:spasm：a painful and involuntary muscular contraction/constriction尸体解剖:autopsy=autopsia;-opsy:-opsia:view(an examination and dissection of a dead body to determine cause of death or the changes produced by disease),舞蹈病:chorea:degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs 假舞蹈病:pseudochorea嗜钙:calciphilia;calc/o:calcium;-philia:love,attraction,创伤（损伤）:trauma n.traumatic adj.水肿:swelling?edema:swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue 疹子:eruption:1.the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material 2.symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible,厌油腻:being tired of/dislike of oil?satiety:the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more 恶心:nausea:(sickness)the state that precedes vomiting,脱水:dehydration:dryness/waterlessness resulting from the removal of water hydr/o:water 溃疡:ulcer:a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating(causing to ripen and discharge pus)lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue,指压性的:pitting;pit：hole,hollow,cavity坑心悸:palpitation：a rapid and irregular heart beat palpitate v.tremble,shake,quiver,vibrate,
