虚拟语气倒装 强调句 固定搭配ppt课件.ppt

虚拟语气,Contents,if虚拟条件句,wish后的虚拟语气,表示建议等词语后的虚拟,能引出虚拟的词语和特殊句型,4,1,2,3,大学英语四级汉译英对虚拟语气主要涉及以下几方面,if虚拟条件句,虚拟条件句一般是表示与事实相反的情况，我们应熟悉其主、从句的谓语形式。,.If it were to rain,the game would be put off.If I were you,I should wait till next weekIf you had followed my instruction,you would have succeeded.,If the whole operation had not been planned beforehand,a great deal of time and money would have been lost.If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you couldnt be smiling like this now.,exercises,1.The victim _(本来有机会活下来）if he had been taken to hospital in time.would have had a chance to survive2.You would not have failed if you(按照我的指令去做）_ had followed my instructions/orders3.If he had returned an hour earlier,Mary_（就不会被大雨淋湿了）wouldnt have been caught by the rain,4.If the reaction were to take place,_(巨大的能量就会被释放出来）(2012.12.1(91题）tremendous amounts of energy would be released,Wish后的虚拟语气,用were或者动词的过去式,had+过去分词 would/should/could/might have done,would/should/could/might+动词原形,Wish后面的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，表示的是无法实现的愿望，宾语从句的谓语动词主要有三种形式：,对现在的愿望,对过去的愿望,对将来的愿望,I didnt go to the party last night,but I do wish I had been there.I wish I were there.I wish I had wings.I wish you had paid a lot attention to grammarHe wishes his daughter would come and see him,More Exercises,1.He didnt go to the party,but he does wish he _（当时在那里）had been there 2.Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she_(能被分配做另一项工作）could be assigned to anther job.,表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语后的虚拟语气,有些词语由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，所以后面接的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句的谓语动词往往用should do的形式，且should 常省略。,表示这种概念的词语,动词,名词,形容词,动词：decide,demand,insist,move(提议),order,propose,recommend,request,require,suggest,vote等。He ordered that all the books be sent at once.We propose that somebody neutral take the chair(担任主席).,（2010.6）90.It is suggested that the air conditioner _(要安装在窗户旁).答案：(should)be fixed/installed by the window(2006,6)89.The prefessor required that_(我们交研究报 告)by Wednesday.key:we(should)hand in our research reports,形容词：advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper等It is essential that all the facts be examined first.It is necessary that he come back without delay.,It is highly desirable that a new president _(被任命)for this college.答案：be appointed译文:大家非常希望任命一位新校长来管理这所大学。It is essential that these application forms _(尽早寄出去).（2000.1）答案：be sent as early as possible译文:重要的是把这些申请表尽早寄出去。,名词：decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等。We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.Your advice that she wait till next week is reasonable.,The suggestion that the mayor _(颁奖)was accepted by everyone.(2000.6)答案：(should)present the prizes译文：每个人都接受了让市长来颁奖的建议.解析：此题考查的是suggestion 后的同位语 从句,句中谓语动词要采用should型虚 拟式.,It is Harolds desire that he(和妻子合葬).答案：(should)be buried next to his wife 译文：Harold 希望死后和妻子合葬.解析：本题考查的是desire后面的表语从句,句中谓语动词应该用should型虚拟语 气,should可省略.,More exercises,1.It is necessary that everyone_(take)in the activities.2.It is essential that we student_(learn)English well.3.It is important that the task_(finish)on time.4.He suggested that Alice_(come)back later.5.The doctor insisted that the sick worker_(take)a good rest,but he insisted that he _(feel)well,能引出虚拟语气的词语,除了if以外，另一些词语也能引出虚拟语气，如lest(唯恐，以免),in case(以防),but for(要不是因为),otherwise,without等。But for your kindly help,I couldnt have done that job so well.,The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he(伤害自己)_(1998.1)答案：injure himself89.Youd better take a sweater with you_(以防天气变冷)答案：in case it(should)turn cold.解析：lest/in case/for fear that 引导的目 的状语从句中谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。,一些特殊的虚拟语气句型特殊的虚拟句式，常见的包括：if only(要是就好了),would rather that(宁愿),it is high time that(该是的时候了)。I would rather that you hadnt told him that news.,Id rather you(不带那些重要文件)with you.(1993.6)答案：didnt take those important documents 译文：我宁愿你不带那些重要文件在身上.解析：此题考查would rather 后的宾语从 句中对现在情况的虚拟,谓语动词用 一般过去时.,Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I(听从了你的建议)(1993.6)答案：had followed your advice 译文：看看我所处的糟糕情形！我要是听从了你的建议就好了。,专项练习1.I wish_(我的家乡四季如春)2.If you had not run the red light,_(事故就不会发生了)3.but for his help,_(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了)4.It was necessary that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店)5.They requested that _(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.,keys,1.it were spring in my hometown all the year around2.the accident would not have happened3.we could not have rent a house at such a low price4.more mobile shops be set up in the residential area.5.the books I borrowed be returned to the library,(二)倒装结构 倒装结构分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装指谓语中的一部分,如助动词do,does,did,have,has,had 情态动词 can,could,may,might,should would,ought to,must,need 等,系动词be(am,is,are,was,were)等放在主语前面,其余部分包括谓语动词仍在主语后面。,部分倒装应用于下列情况中:(1）有否定含义的副词或短语位于句首作状语 这类词有:neither,never,no,nor,not,seldom,rarely,barely,scarcely/hardly.when.,little,few,under no circumstances,by no means,in no case,in no way,on no account,on no condition,no sooner.than.等,例1 The organization had broken no rules,but neither(它也没有负责任地行动).,答案：had it acted responsibly译文：该组织没有违反任何规定,但是它也 没有负责任地行动。解析：否定副词neither 引出的句子要部分 倒装。注意时态。,例2 The manager never laughed;neither _(她也从来没有发过脾气).(2010.6)答案：did she become angry/did she lose her temper before译文：经理从来没有笑过，她也从来没有 发过脾气解析：否定副词neither 引出的句子要部分 倒装。,例3 Little _(他关心)what I said.答案：does he care about译文：他很少关心我所说的话。解析：有否定含义的副词little 放在句首，其后的句子要部分倒装。,（2011.06）The university authorities did not approve the regulation,_(也没有解释为什么).答案：nor did they make any explanation/nor did they give the reason for doing so,（2012.12）（一）90.Hardly had John finished his introductory remark_(他就被观众给打断了).答案：when he was interrupted by the audience,（2012.12）（二）87.I finally got the job I dreamed about.Never before in my life _(我感到如此激动）答案：had I felt so excited,（2012.12）（三）87.Only when you have passed the tests required _(你才能申请驾驶执照）答案：can you apply for a driving license,（2）only 位于句首修饰状语或宾语例1 Only under special circumstances _(允许大学一年级学生)to take make-up tests答案：are freshmen permitted译文：只有在特殊情况下才允许大一新生 补考。解析：only 位于该句句首，并且修饰句中 状语，主谓要部分倒装。only位于句 首修饰主语时，句子则不倒装。,(3)虚拟倒装 虚拟语气的让步状语从句中，在省略了if 的情况下主谓部分倒装例1 Had(我如果听了你的话)，all this misery might have been avoided.答案：I taken your advice例3 Were _(如果他们在我们出发前到达的话)we should have a wonderful dinner party.答案：Were they to arrive before we depature,解析：句首是had,结合需要翻译的部 分，本句是使用虚拟语气的让 步状语从句，且省略了if，所以从 句主谓部分倒装，had I taken your advice=If I had taken your advice。,(4)not until放在句首 例1 _(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.(2008.6)答案：Not until he finished his mission 译文：直到他完成使命,他才意识到自己病 得很严重。解析：这道题考察的是not until的用法。注意not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装，因此，从主句的倒装可判断前面用not until。,More practice1.It annoyed him that no sooner_(他刚上车，就发现忘了带钱包)2._（直到所有的证据都摆在他面前）did he confess his crime.3.Were I in your position,_(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会)4.Not only_(他们不仅做了音乐表演),but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of Western brass instruments.5.Only after the accident_(他才让人对他的车进行了仔细地检查).,Keys to the exercise.1.had he got on the bus than he found he forget to take the wallet with him.2.Not until he was showed all evidence3.I would size the opportunity without hesitation4.did they present a musical performance.5.did he have his car inspected carefully.,（三)强调结构 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+原句中的其他部分。在使用强调句型时要注意,指人时可以用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。例1 It(直到天黑)she realized it was too late to go home.答案：was not until dark that,译文：直到天黑,她才意识到太晚了,无法回家解析：“直到”与瞬间动词(如realize)连用时要用否定not until。it提示此处要用强调结构。(2011.06)90.George called his boss from the airport but it _(接电话的却是他的助手).答案：was his assistant who answered/picked up the phone；turned out that his assistant answered/picked up the phone,(2011.12)89.Its my mother _(一直在鼓励我不要灰心)when I have difficulties in my studies.答案：who/that keeps encouring me not to lose heart,(2012.12)(一）88.It is mans intellect _(才使他区别与其他高等动物）答案：that distingusihes him from other higher animals.,1.Many people think that _（体育锻炼的确直接有助于身体健康）。2._(你的工作能力才是最重要的)，not where you come from or what you are.3._(正是Jefferson写下了)the Declaration of Independence.4.Many people do not realize that_（正是这种经常性的体罚）that lays the groundwork for child abuse.,More practice,1.physical exercise does contribute directly to a persons health2.Its your ability to do the job that matters most3.It was Jefferson who wrote4.it is the regular use of physical punishment,常考词汇要点,一、动词短语,动词与虚词的搭配是中译英的考查重点，其中包括：动词+副词、动词+介词、动词+副词+介词。这类动词主要有：break,bring,call,come,count,get,go,hand,hold,keep,lay,let,make,put,run,set,take,turn等,例1 Compute technology(会给工商管理带来革命).答案:will bring about a revolution in business administration译文：计算机技术会给工商管理带来革命解析：表达“带来”的常用短语为bring about；情态动词 will 表示将来的趋势“会”，常考的含bring的动词短语还有bring around/round“说服，使信服，使恢复知觉（或健康）”；bring back“带回，使想起”；bring forth“生（孩子），开（花），结（果）,提出”；bring off“圆满完成”；bring out“出版，推出，使显出，激起，引起”；bring up“养育，教育，提出”。,例2 We have(得尝试各种方式以降低)down the costs of the construction project.答案:to try every means to bring 译文：我们得尝试各种方式以降低建筑工程的费用解析：have to do sth.意为“不得不/必须要做某件事”；短语bring down可表达“降低；打倒”。在解答该题时，空格前后的提示对正确翻译很重要,二、名词短语,例3 Niagara Falls is(一个绝好的旅游胜地)drawing millions of visitors every year.答案：a great tourist attraction译文：尼亚加拉瀑布是一个绝好的旅游胜 地，每年都引上百万的游人。解析：固定短语。tourist attraction 旅游胜地,例4 The traditional approach(处理复杂问题)is to break them down into smaller，more easily managed problems。答案：to dealing with complex problems译文：传统的处理复杂问题的方法是把它们分解成更小的、更易解决的问题。解析：空格前的approach提示用固定搭配 approach to doing sth.。牢记与名词搭 配的介词及其用法是翻译名词短语的关 键。,三、形容词短语,例5 Its very(你很体谅人)not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep.答案：considerate of you译文：你很体谅人,在孩子睡觉时不大声说话解析：同源形近词considerable 表示“(程 度,数量等)相当大(或多)的”,例6 Young people(不满足于)stand and look at works of art,they want art they can participate in.答案：are not content to 译文：年轻人不满足于只站在那里观看艺 术品,他们还希望自己能参与其中。解析：content 表示“满足的”,常用以下搭 配:be content with sth./be content to do sth.。联系句子前后,用后者。,四、介词短语,例7 Finding a job in such a big company has always been_(做梦也想不到的).答案：beyond his wildest dreams译文：在这样一个大公司里找到工作一直 是他做梦也想不到的。解析：介词固定搭配beyond ones wildest dreams,beyond 表示“超 出”beyond ones means“入 不敷出”.,例8(如果没有帮助)of their group,we would not have succeeded in the investigation.答案：But for the help/If there was no help译文：如果没有他们组的帮助,我们的调查 不会成功。解析：介词固定搭配but for 含虚拟语气,符 合句意。另外也可使用“without the help”。,五、固定搭配,例9 Not only the professionals but also the amateurs_(将受益于)the new training facilities.答案：will benefit from译文：专业运动员和业余选手都将受益于 新的训练设施 解析：benefit from“受益于”。benefit作 及物动词时表示“使受益”，后接受益者。,例10 Having spent some time in the city,he had no trouble _(找到了去历史博物馆的路)(2006.6)答案：finding the way to the history museum译文：在该市住了一段时间后，他毫不费 力地找到了去历史博物馆的路。解析：本题考查的是have no trouble(in)doing sth.结构，同时又需兼顾the way to.的表达。,（2007.06）The finding of this study failed to _(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).答案：take peoples sleep quality of sleep into account/consideration（2007.12）_(多亏了一系列的新发明),doctors can treat this disease successfully.答案：Thanks to/because of a series of new inventions,