高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）语法考点ppt课件.ppt

高等学校英语应用能力考试（A级）语法考点,测试项目、内容、题型及时间分配表：,英语A级语法大全：第一节 大学英语三级考试语法部分简介一、大纲要求大学英语三级考试大纲对语法的要求是：进一步加深和扩大中学学过的语法知识，侧重其在阅读和翻译中的应用。二、考查范围三级语法考题的涉及面广。考试范围为浙江省高等学校英语三级考试大纲所附结构表的内容。在语法结构表中，详细列出了高等专科英语课程教学阶段需要进一步巩固加深的语法项目，主要涉及如下语法点：限定词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、一致关系、句子种类(简单句、并列句和复合句)、强调句型、省略、倒装、构词法和标点等十七个方面。本书逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧。在大学英语三级考试中，虽然题目千变万化，但是万变不离其宗，只要仔细分析，就会发现这些题目其实基本上都是时态、形容词与副词、名问、一致关系和虚拟语气、非谓语动词、倒装句、复合句(连接手段)的各种变化形式。本书在逐一介绍各类试题的设计特点(题型)及解题技巧的同时，还侧重对上述几类语法变化形式在历届真题中的考点作详细分析。,非谓语动词虚拟语气名词性从句倒装句（部倒）时态词形转换,最常考点：,1、非谓语动词考查特点1)谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主要集中在独立主格结构，如：All things _ because of the snowstorm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A.had been canceled B.have been canceledC.were canceled D.having been canceled,非谓语动词：,四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。,2)谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题眼。如：I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.A.you to delay making B.you delaying makingC.your delaying to make D.you delay to make Had I remembered _ the windows,the thief would not have got in.A.to close B.closing C.to have closed D.having closed Your hair wants _.Youd better have it done tomorrow.A.cut B.to cut C.cutting D.being cut(1997.6),非谓语动词：,这类题涉及三个方面：谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别?不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?,3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如：The project _ by the end of 2000，will expand the citystelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A.accomplished B.being accomplishedC.to be accomplished D.having been accomplishedIf I correct someone,I will do it with so much good humor and self-restraint as if I were the one _.A.to correct B.correctingC.having been corrected D.being corrected,非谓语动词：,同学们只要掌握非谓语动词作定语的一般的规律，就可以判断题答案为C，题答案为D。,3)做定语的非谓语动词的选择(2)对固定结构的考查，如：The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ his arguments in favor of the new theory.A.to be based on B.to base onC.which to base on D.on which to base The pressure _ causes Americans to be energetic，but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A.to compete B.competingC.to be competed D.having competed,非谓语动词：,题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means，way，time，moment，reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。,4)做状语的非谓语动词的选择做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如：_ the earth to be flat,many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.A.having believed B.believing C.believed D.being believed _ a teacher in a university,it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.A.to become B.become C.one becomes D.on becoming Realizing that he hadnt enough money and _ to borrow from his father,he decided to sell his watch.A.not wanted B.no to want C.not wanting D.wanting not _ it or not,his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A.believe B.to believe C.believing D.believed,非谓语动词：,从以上各题来看，考查的侧重点有：(1)状语类别的判断不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同，目的状语要求用不定式，如。(2)非谓语动词与句子属于之间的逻辑关系根据主谓关系或动宾关系的不同来确定用现在分词还是用过去分词。(3)非谓语动词的否定形式not否定非谓语动词时置于非谓语动词之前，如。(4)独立成分有些非谓语动词的使用不受与主语关系的限制，称为独立成分，这类成 分只记忆即可。如：generally speaking，judging from，to tell the truth，等,虚拟语气：,一虚拟语气1.if 句中虚拟形式if 引导的非真实条件句（纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大）：条件 从句 主句与现在相反 did(be were)would/should/might/could do与将来相反 did(be were)would/should/might/could do与过去相反 had done would/should/might/could have done例句If we left(leave)now,we should arrive in time.If they hadnt gone on vacation,their house wouldnt have been broken(break)into.,虚拟语气：,2.原形虚拟：a.表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中，用动词原形。suggest,demand,advise,propose,order,arrange,insist,command,require,request,desire that(should)do例如 He suggested that we should leave early.My suggestion is that we should tell him.b.It is(was)形容词/名词that(should)do例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first.,虚拟语气：,3.一些句型中的虚拟形式：1.Its(high,about,the first,etc.)time(that)动词过去时 例如 Its time we left.例如 It is time we went to bed.2 would rather/sooner 宁愿 as if/though 好像would rather/sooner 谓语用过去时 与现在或者将来相反as if/though 谓语用过去完成时 与过去相反,练习1.I _ try it again if I_you.will；am B.should；am C.would；were D.would；had been2.If it _ not for the water，the plants _live.were；would not B.is；could not C.were；could D.did；could not3.If I _ that chance to show my ability,I _the president of this school.A.have not had；could not become B.had not had；would not have become C.did not have；could not become D.doesnt have；will not become4.He _ by that burglar if you _ to save him.A.might have been killed；hadnt come B.will be killed；didnt comeC.may be killed；didt come D.could be killed；havent come5.If it _for your help，I _that hard time with so little money.A.were not；would not spend B.is not；can not spendC.had not been；would not have spent D.have not been；will not spend,选C。表示与现在事实相反的假设(指现在的假设)(译文;如果我是你我会再试一次),选A。表示与现在事实相反的假设(指现在的假设)。(译文：要是没有水，植物就不能存活),3.选B。表示与过去事实相反的假设。,4 A。表示与过去事实相反的假设。(译文：要不是你来救他，他早就被那个窃贼杀了。),5.C。与过去事实相反的假设。(译：要没有你帮忙，我那点儿钱是无法度过那段艰苦岁月的。),6.Where _ you go if war _?A.will；breaks out B.do；will break outC.would；were to break out D.will；is to break out7.She wishes she _ that humiliating thing.doesnt do B.didnt do C.havent done D.hadnt done8.The chairman suggested that the meeting _ put off.can be B.be C.is D.will be9.It is vital that he _ immediately.should go B.must go C.goes D.went 10.It is time we _do our homework.A.begin to B.can begin to C.began to D.will begin to,10.选C。虚拟语气用于定语从句It is time(that).句型。(译文：我们该开始做作业了。),6.选C。表示与将来事实相反的假设。(译文：要是战争爆发了，你会上哪儿去？),7.选D。虚拟语气用于宾语从句。(译文：她真希望自己没有做过那件丢脸的事情。),8.选B。虚拟语气用于表示“建议”等意义的动词后。(译文：主席建议会议延期举行。),9.选A。虚拟语气用于主语从句(It is was+形容词+that 引导的分句)。,1.各个时态动词基本变形,动词的时态,2.时间状语与动词时态的搭配一定的时态往往和一定的时间状语连用。always,usually,sometimes,last week,yesterday,a few days ago next week,tomorrow,in a week,this year now,at present,at this moment so far,up to now,by the time,since的主句,一般现在时 do/does am is are,一般过去时 did was/were,一般将来时 will do,现在进行时 be+doing,现在完成时 has/have done,3.练习，用动词的适当形式填空1.He _(be)eighteen next year.2.It _(rain)every day so far this month.3.Mozart _(write)more than 600 pieces of music.4.If it _(rain)tomorrow，well have to stay at home.5.How fast _ he _(drive)when the accident happened?6.By the time Mr.Smith left school，he _(teach)that course for twenty-five years.7.Perhaps he _(finish)reading the book by this time tomorrow.,1.填will be。next year为表示将来时态的时间状语 2.填has rained。so far是“到目前为止”的意思，常和现在完成时搭配使用。3.填wrote。Mozart(莫扎特)是已去世的音乐家，故应使用过去时。4.填rains。在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情。5.填was.driving。表示过去某一时刻发生的动作要用过去进行时。6.填had taught。句中有by the time Mr.Smith left school，主语的谓语应用过去完成时。7.填will have finished。句中有by this time tomorrow，主语的谓语应用将来完成时,1.各个时态的被动语态,动词的被动语态,被动练习,1.The construction of the library_ before the end of next month.must have completedB.must have been completedC.must be completed D.must complete2.The subject of these lectures _ by the lecture committee.announces B.have been announce C.announced D.has been announced3.My pictures _ until next week.wont develop B.arent developingC.dont develop D.wont be developed4.They _ so that we wouldnt recognize them.costumed B.disguised C.were disguising D.were disguised 5.All the apparatus(器械)_ before the experiment began.had been prepared B.were prepared C.had been prepared D.had prepared,1.C。情态动词的被动语态为：情态动词+be+done。(译：到下月底图书馆的修建必须完工),2.D现在完成时的被动语态为：have been+done(译：讲座的课题已由讲座委员会宣布了。),3.D。一般将来时的被动语态为：will be+done，其否定形式为：will not be+done,4.D一般过去时的被动语态为was/were+过去分词(译:为了不让我们认出来,他们伪装了起来),5.C。过去完成时的被动语态的构成为：had been+过去分词。,9.B。(译文：运动会因天气不好被取消了。),6.The worlds supplies of copper _.A.have been gradually being exhausted B.has gradually exhaustedC.are gradually exhaustedD.are being gradually exhausted7.The goods _ when we arrived at the airport.A.were just unloading B.were just being unloaded C.had just unloaded D.were just been unloaded 8.Tom _ the best student in his class.regards B.regards as C.has regarded as D.is regarded as9.The sports meeting _ because of the bad weather.A.put off B.was put off C.was putted off D.has put off,6.D现在进行时的被动语态为：are/is/am being+过去分词。(译:世界的铜资源正逐渐被耗尽),B。过去进行时的被动语态为：waswere being+过去分词。(译:我们到机场时正在卸货物。),8.D。(译文：汤姆被认为是班里最好的学生。),定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。,定语从句：,选B。因为前面有two，所以不能选D，A没有连接手段，也不能选。,关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。,例题：The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds，_ could go penniless by next year.A.the large one B.the larger of whichC.the largest one D.the largest of which,三级试题中定语从句的考题：1、I tried to get of the business _ I found impossible to carry on.A)why B)which C)what D)where 2、Once more I have to leave Beijing,_ I have been living for eight years.A)that B)where C)which D)as 3、This book is designed for the leaners_native languages are not English.A)whose B)which C)who D)what 4、She got to know the young man very well_she had worked for so long.A)to whom B)in whom C)whom D)with whom 5、The hotel_during the vacation was rather poorly managed.A)as I stayed B)where I stayed C)which I stayed D)what I stayed 6、There are so many dresses there that I really dont know_to choose.A)whether B)when C)which D)why 7、I think that Anna is_far the most active member in our group.A)with B)at C)as D)by,1.当only 放在句首，表示强调时，要用倒装例：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法，你才可以解决这个问题。Only yesterday did I finish the book.到昨天我才读完那本书。,倒装：,2.具有否定意义的副词或词组用于句首，要用倒装，助动词，情态动词放主语之前。常见的否定词有：never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,not until,by no means,not only,neither,no sooner,hardly等。,例句：Never shall I forget the days when you were with us.,练习：1、Only when we had finished all the work_that it was too late to take a bus home.A)did we realize B)informing C)informed D)to inform 2、Not until the day before yesterday_to give a speech at the meeting.A)he agreed B)does he agree C)he agrees D)did he agree 3、Young_he is,he has proved to be an able sale sman.A)that B)who C)as D)which 4、Not until yesterday_anything about the project that will be completed soon.A)did I learn B)have I learnt C)I learnt D)that I learnt 5、He is used to flying by air and on no occasion_frightened.A)he has ever felt B)he ever feels C)ever does he feel D)has he ever felt 6、So_after she learned the good news that she could hardly fall asleep that night.A)excited the mother was B)was the mother excited C)the mother was excited D)excited was the mother 7、So loudly_that people could hear it out in the street.A)did the students play the music B)the students playing the music C)the students played the music D)have the students played the music,1.it作形式主语或者形式宾语It is necessary for us to learn English.it这里指代to learn EnglishIt was not very clear what she meant.it这里指代 what she meant,it的用法：,2.it 在强调句型强调句型的结构为：It is/was+被强调部分+that(who)+句子的其余部分,练习1.It was only when I read his poems recently _ I began to appreciate their beauty.untilB.thatC.thenD.so2.It was about 600 years ago _the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when,选B。强调句型强调when引导的时间状语从句。,选A。强调句型强调时间状语。,1.不规则变法 good/well better best bad worse worst many/much more most little less least2.形容词比较级结构形容词+than 例句：Real friendship is more valuable than money.(2)the+形容词比较级，the+形容词比较级 例句：The more medicine I take,the worse I feel.,形容词比较级最高级：,词组：1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listen to、look at(感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2（比较级 and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake=easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world=the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with同一道，伴随 eg:I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for 求助 向要（直接接想要的东西）eg:ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在岁时 eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of 的起初；的开始 15 at the end of+地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg:At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候,17 be/feel confident of sth/that clause+从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg:I am/feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be+doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to(+v 原)=can(+v 原）能够 eg:She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do(of sth 恐惧，害怕 eg:Im afraed to go out at night Im afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg:Im allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg:Dont be angry with me 24 be angry with(at)sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as原级as 和什么一样 eg:She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg:Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from=come from 来自 eg：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing?Does he come from Bejing?37 be full of 装满的 be filled with 充满 eg:the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water,38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to+v(原）将来时 40 be good at(+doing)=do well in 在某方面善长,善于 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg:Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg:Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg:She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for=come late to 迟到 eg:Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像 eg:Im like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气 50 be made from 由制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51 be made of 由制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表*的缩写 eg:陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg:I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg:I am sorry to trouble you,61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg:Hes strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg:Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg:He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg:Im sure of my head(my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg:Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg:We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of+名/动doing 害怕 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg:My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel)afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句,76 because+句子 because of+短语 eg:He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do=start to do 开始做某事 startwith=beginwith 以什么开始什么 eg:Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 betweenand 两者之间 79 borrow sth from sb 向借 lend sth to sb(lend sb sth 借给什么东西 eg:I borrowed a pen from him he