环境DNA的英语介绍ppt课件.pptx
Environmental DNA for wildlife biology and biodiversity monitoring,Bai Jie,CONTENTS,01,Basic Conception,02,Experimental Method,03,Practical Application,04,Future Prospect,sequencing of the total DNA extracted from a sample containing many different organisms.,eDNA,One,Metagenomics,Three,Amplification,Two,refers to any DNA that is collected from an environmental sample rather than directly from an organism,originating in cells from the body or waste products(saliva,urine,faeces)of organisms,a fragment of DNA or RNA created by replication events or amplification,either naturally or artificially,through,for example,PCR.,01,Basic Conception,S,N,L,U,non-invasive sampling that may be particularly important for threatened or endangered species,Non-invasive,and identification of target organisms using uniform,reproducible criteria that are accurate over different life stages,Uniform,sampling of locations that are unsafe or difficult to access with traditional methods,Low-requirement,achieving sensitive detection probabilities for low abundancespecies,Sensitive,eDNA history,Part Two,It is possible to obtain sequence information from the environment without isolating the target species,sampling,Studies that necessitate rapid or multiple species detection are possible and ideally suited,application,Combined with 2nd Generation Sequencing,thousands or millions of sequences can be produced simultaneously to analyze species diversity.,sequencing,Sampling,Part Three,Endangered,Invasive,Extremely,subterranean,2013,2014,Practical Application,Part Four,Miniaturization has resulted in the development of portable field instruments that can amplify,screen,and even sequence eDNA in remote settings,such as Biomeme two3,MinION.,In the future,it may be possible to implement mechanical sampling of eDNA,similar to that of oil spill-sampling buoys or military sonobuoys.,future research,The temporal and spatial distribution of eDNA in different habitats,which gives information as to what part of the biodiversity is monitored in space and time.,01,The exact sources of eDNA,whether this comes from sloughed epithelial cells,intestinal cells,faeces and urine,etc.,which might vary with life stages of the target organism and could therefore greatly influence abundance estimates.,03,More precise links between eDNA concentration and species abundance whether this is measured as total biomass or density of individuals.,02,Physio-chemical factors influencing eDNA availability and degradation such as temperature,pH and salinity.,04,summary,eDNA is on the brink of making significant contributions to our understanding of invasive species,community and ecosystem processes underpinning biodiversity and functional diversity,and wildlife and conservation biology.,Reference,1.Evans,N.T.and G.A.Lamberti,Freshwater fisheries assessment using environmental DNA:A primer on the method,its potential,and shortcomings as a conservation tool.Fisheries Research,2018.197:p.60-66.2.Rees,H.C.,et al.,REVIEW:The detection of aquatic animal species using environmental DNA-a review of eDNA as a survey tool in ecology.Journal of Applied Ecology,2014.51(5):p.1450-1459.3.Jerde,C.L.M.A.,“Sight-unseen”detection of rare aquatic species using environmental DNA.Conservation Letters,2011.4(2):p.150-157.4.TABERLET,P.,et al.,Environmental DNA.Molecular Ecology,2012.21(8):p.1789-1793.5.Bohmann,K.,et al.,Environmental DNA for wildlife biology and biodiversity monitoring.Trends in Ecology&Evolution,2014.29(6):p.358-367.,
