新视野大学英语第三版第四册第四单元sectionAppt课件.ppt

FOREIGH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERTISY,FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS AIR FORCE ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY,Nature:To worship or to conquer,Section A,4,Achieving sustainable environmentalism,Objectives,Nature:To worship or to conquer,Listen and Talk,Pre-reading Activities,Listen to a passage about World Environment Day and then decide whether the following statements are true(T)or false(F).,1.World Environment Day falls on June 5 every year.2.San Francisco is the second city in the United States that has held events to celebrate World Environment Day.3.The main message of World Environment Day this year is“Plan for Our Cities”.4.Cities use more than 57 percent of the worlds natural resources.5.The events held this year include not only speeches from famous persons,but also fun activities such as concerts,parades,etc.,T,F,F,F,T,Listen to the passage again.Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.,1.What is your understanding of a“green city”?2.To build a green city,besides the measures given in the passage such as building more healthy parks and reducing pollution,what other measures can you think of?,Pre-reading Activities,Listen and Talk,1.What is your understanding of a“green city”?,As I understand,a“green city”is a city or town that focuses on environmentally friendly practices.It aims to improve the livability of urban surroundings and benefit the well-being of citizens living there.,Pre-reading Activities,Listen and Talk,crisis,commitments,Listen to a short passage concerning global warming.,observed,inconvenient truth,relieve,breakthroughs,projected,Listen to a short passage concerning global warming.,If energy use per person and technology remain the same,total energy use and greenhouse gas _(mainly,CO2)will be 42%higher in 2050.But thats too low,because societies that grow richer use more energy.We need economic growth unless we _ the worlds poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone elses living standards.,emissions,condemn,Listen to a short passage concerning global warming.,To be continued,Introduction:Two questions are raised to show that people have conflicting ideas about environmental protection.The introduction paves the way for the authors central argument.,Part I(Para.1),In the first section of the body,the author tries to establish a rule that people can follow when making environmental choices.,Part II Section 1(Paras.2-5),The author cites the debate about whether to drill for oil in ANWR to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument.,In the second section(Paras.6-10),the author,with the purpose of strengthening his own criterion,argues against a different rule,one which he calls a _,which he says is characterized by _.,Part II Section 2(Paras.6-_),10,excessive earth worship,sentimental environmentalism,Part three is the conclusion.The author restates his central argument:Human interests should be given _ over those of nature although human beings should _ to nature only when their own survival is being endangered by environmental changes.,Part III(Paras.11-_),13,priority,adapt,This text is an argumentative writing in which the author tries to make a contrast between two different opinions about environmental protection,through which he tries to justify his claim that human interests should be put above those of nature,and that human beings should protect nature only on the grounds that their own interests are guaranteed.,Main Idea of the Text,Main Idea&Structure,Two questions are raised to show that people have conflicting ideas about environmental protection.(Para.1),Introduction,Introduction,Main body:Section 1 and Section 2,The author tries to establish a rule for people to follow when they make environmental choices.(Paras.2-5),The author rebuts a different rule,called a sentimental environmentalism,which he says is characterized by excessive earth worship.(Paras.6-10),Body:Section 1,A rule,called a sane environmentalism,for making environmental choices is presented.(Para.5),The author defines environmental luxuries and environmental necessities.(Para.2),The author gives examples“combating ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect”to explain what he sees as an environmental necessity.(Paras.3-4),Body:Section 2,The author cites the debate about preserving the spotted owl in Oregon vs.protecting the livelihood of the logging families to justify his own argument.(Para.10),The author reviews a different rule,one which he calls a sentimental environmentalism.(Para.6),The author cites the debate about whether to drill for oil in ANWR to rebut the sentimental environmentalism and justify his own argument.(Paras.7-9),The author restates his central argument:Human interests should be given priority over those of nature.(Paras.11-13),Introduction,Main body:establishing a rule and rebutting a different rule,Conclusion,Introduction,Main body:establishing a rule and rebutting a different rule,Conclusion,Sharp concern for environmental protection,similar to the belief in _ or the opposition to plastic surgery,is a necessary _ to people in the upper class world.But people have different opinions about it.Therefore,how can we make the right choice among so many different and conflicting proposals put forward in the name of environmental _?,To be continued,democracy,attitude,protection,To answer the question,it is necessary to follow a rule for making environmental choices:the so-called _,which advocates that combating ecological changes that directly do harm to human health and safety is an _.The criterion for making environmental choices indicates that nature should _ human beings,and that human beings should protect nature only when their own interests are not affected.,To be continued,sane environmentalism,environmental necessity,serve,把区分,(fantasy/seek medical help),After staying in the net bar for several days and nights,he was no longer able to differentiate between fantasy and reality.He should seek medical help.,differentiate between,短语逆译,短语应用,在网吧呆了几天几夜，他已经不能区分虚幻和现实了。他应该寻求医疗帮助。,意群提示,呈现（某种特征）,(official visit/a new look),We firmly believe that after the leaders official visit to Britain,the relations between the two countries must take on a new look.,take on,短语逆译,短语应用,我们相信，通过领导人对英国的正式访问，两国之间的关系一定会呈现出新面貌。,意群提示,引起共鸣,(charming pictures/touching plots/young audience),With its charming picture,touching plots and beautiful music,the movies struck a chord with the young audience.,strike a chord with,短语逆译,短语应用,这部电影以它迷人的画面、动人的情节和优美的音乐在年轻观众中引起了共鸣。,意群提示,与格格不入,Out of our expectation,what he said and did in the public that day ran against the grains of his social status indeed.,run/go against the grains,短语逆译,短语应用,令我们意外的是，那天在公共场合他的言行的确和他的身份格格不入。,意群提示,(out of the expectation/social status),与不相容的,anti-virus software/computer system/update system),The anti-virus software is incompatible with your computer system,so you have to get your system updated.,be incompatible with,短语逆译,短语应用,这款杀毒软件与你的电脑系统不兼容，因此，你需要找人进行系统升级。,意群提示,安然度过,(medical skill/weak beat/dying patient),Due to the doctors excellent medical skill,the dying patient with a weak beat,was lucky enough to come through the operation.,短语逆译,短语应用,多亏了医生精湛的医术，这位生命垂危的病人心跳微弱，能够熬过手术真是幸运。,意群提示,come through,优先选择(某物)而非（另一物）,(making friends/honesty),In making friends with other people in modern society,we choose honesty over other qualities.,短语逆译,短语应用,在现代社会中，我们交友时更加看重诚实的品德。,意群提示,choose sth.over sth.else,在上流社会，对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样，是一种不可或缺的态度。,原句译文,逆译练习,句型提炼,Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is,say,belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery.,sth.is now as required an attitude in.as is,say,sth.else in or,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达比较，“说明某种态度的重要性”。,句型应用,(cultural awareness/time-consciousness,典型例句,在跨文化交际中，文化意识就如同约会时守时、社交时礼貌一样，是一种不可或缺的态度。,意群提示,Cultural awareness is now as required an attitude in cross-cultural communication as is,say,time-consciousness in keeping appointment or politeness in social exchanges.,非感情用事的环保主义是建立在普罗泰哥拉的格言“人是万物的尺度”的基础上的。,原句译文,逆译练习,A non-sentimental environmentalism is one founded on Protagorass idea that“Man is the measure of all things.”,句型提炼,sth.is one founded on ones idea that“”,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“某种思想或观点的理据”。,句型应用,(anti-racism/self-evident truth),典型例句,马丁路德金的反对种族主义是建立在这个不言自明的真理“人生来就平等”的基础上。,意群提示,Martin Luther Kings anti-racism is one founded on the self-evident truths“that all men are created equal”.,只有当人类的命运与自然的命运密不可分时,人类才应该做出让步。,原句译文,逆译练习,Humanity should accommodate only when its fate and that of nature are inseparably bound up.,句型提炼,sb.should do/does sth.only when,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“某人做某事的必要条件”。,句型应用,(conquer the outside world/inner side),典型例句,只有当一个人强大到不仅能够战胜外部世界而且能够战胜自己的内心时,他才成为真正的强者。,意群提示,A man becomes a hero only when he is strong enough to conquer both the outside world and his inner side.,2.What environmental problems does the world face?What are the causes of these problems?,Water pollution Air pollution Wildlife protection Land erosion,to be continued,Q:How much do you know about the basic view held by Chinese government towards environmental protection?,According to the government policy,promoting ecological progress is a long-term task of vital importance to the peoples well-being and Chinas future.We must give high priority to making ecological progress and incorporate it into all aspects and the whole process of advancing economic,political,cultural,and social progress,work hard to build a beautiful country,and achieve lasting and sustainable development of the Chinese nation.,to be continued,Write an argumentative essay Generally speaking,there are two ways to organize an argumentative essay featuring counter-arguments,namely,the block pattern and the point-by-point pattern.In the block pattern,the author first lists in Block 1 all of the counter-arguments and their respective rebuttals,and then in Block 2 he presents his own arguments,which function as a supplement to the rebuttals in Block 1,and show that his thesis has been comprehensively considered and discussed.,to be continued,Block pattern Introduction:Explanation of the issue Thesis statement Body Block 1 Summary of the other sides arguments Rebuttal to the first argument Rebuttal to the second argument Rebuttal to the third argumentBlock 2 Summary of your own arguments Your first argument Your second argument Your third argument Conclusion,to be continued,In the point-by-point pattern,counter-arguments are dealt with one by one.In other words,the author lists one counter-argument and rebuts it,and then he lists another counter-argument and rebuts it.,Point-by-point pattern,to be continued,Point-by-point pattern,Body Statement of the other sides first argument and rebuttal with your own counter-argument Statement of the other sides second argument and rebuttal with your own counter-argument Statement of the other sides third argument and rebuttal with your own counter-argument,Introduction Explanation of the issue Thesis statement,to be continued,Conclusion,Lets look at the following examples to see how the block pattern or the point-by-point pattern is adopted to outline the essays.,Feel free to let boys and girls attend separate classes Introduction There is some evidence that same-sex classes produce positive results among students.Body Block 1 Summary of the other sides arguments:Test scores dont show any advantage for all-girl or all-boy classes.Separate classes(or separate schools)send the message that males and females cant work together.,Example for the block pattern,to be continued,Same-sex education is a kind of discrimination against boys or girls.Rebuttal to the first argument:Research is inconclusive and some researches show opposite results.Rebuttal to the second argument:Children get to interact with members of the opposite sex outside of school,for example,their opposite-sex parent,brothers or sisters and their neighbors.Rebuttal to the third argument:Several studies have shown that discrimination is widespread in mixed classes.,to be continued,Block 2 Summary of your own arguments:Same-sex classes provide a better learning environment.Your first argument:Boys and girls become more confident in their studies.Your second argument:School children have many opportunities outside of school to interact with one another.Your third argument:Same-sex classes can better ensure equal treatment of students.ConclusionSame-sex classes or schools should be encouraged.,to be continued,Should children be sent to boarding schools?Introduction It is more helpful to children if they stay in day schools rather than boarding schools.Body Counter-argument 1:Children are under teachers supervision all the time.Rebuttal:Teachers supervision is inadequate.Counter-argument 2:Children can spend more time studying.Rebuttal:Children may idle away time.,Example for the point-by-point pattern,to be continued,Counter-argument 3:Children cant have easy access to the Internet,therefore wont become addicted to computer games.Rebuttal:Addiction to computer games may be avoided,but children may develop other problems.Conclusion Sending children to boarding schools is not a good decision.,to be continued,Read the sample essay and see how it develops in the point-by-point pattern.,Topic:Should children be sent to boarding schools?Introduction:It is more helpful to children if they stay in day schools rather than boarding schools.Body:First counter-argument:Children are under teachers supervision all the time.First rebuttal:The individual attention a child gets is little.,to be continued,Second counter-argument:Children can spend more time studying.Second rebuttal:Children may idle away time.Third counter-argument:Children cant have easy access to the Internet,therefore wont become addicted to computer games.Third rebuttal:Addiction to computer games may be avoided,but children may develop other problems.Conclusion:Sending children to boarding schools is not a good decision.,to be continued,Sample Essay:Childrens education has always been an issue that draws the social concern.As many parents now face great work pressure,they think it a good idea to send their children to boarding schools and put them under the supervision of teachers.However,I dont think this is a good idea.In my opinion,it is more helpful to children if they stay in day schools.Those who support sending children to boarding schools believe that children can develop better life and study habits if they are,to be continued,supervised by teachers all days long and enjoy advanced learning facilities.However,this may not be the case.Although teachers may be highly-trained and educational facilities well-provided,there are so many children and relatively so few teachers in most schools that the individual attention a child gets is very little.Another idea held by these people is that children can have more time for study and other activities if they stay in boarding schools.They dont have to spend much time travelin