当代医学英语ppt课件.ppt

当代 医学英语综合教程,English Course of Contemporary Medicine,The Personal and Professional Stories of Nobel Prize-Winning Scientists,Chapter 2,B.Listen to the passage“Barbara McClintock”twice and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.,Section I.Asking,listening and watching,1.Which of the following is NOT an interest mentioned about McClintock when she was a child?A.sports B.music C.science D.literature2.When studying at university,McClintock received training in _.A.geriatrics B.genetics C.geoscience D.geoponics,3.Gregor Mendels experiments _.A.showed how genetic qualities are passed to living things.B.helped scientists re-discover the theory of heredity C.led to widespread acceptance of genetics as a subject D.allowed experiments with genes to be accepted,4.In 1951,McClintock presented her findings,which _.A.seemed to be understood only by conference organizers B.enabled her to become a leading expert in genetics C.brought about a mixture of argument and criticism D.were accepted silently by most scientists,5.McClintocks work at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory was recognized in 1970,when _.A.she went to South America to study different kinds of maize plants B.she assisted younger scientists and students in genetics C.she was given the American governments highest science award D.she proposed her ideas of controlling elements in genes,6.McClintock won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1983,which _.A.was shared with other two scientists B.was first awarded to an American woman C.was the first Nobel Prize she won D.was an unshared Nobel Prize,C.Listen to the passage“Rosalind Franklins Contribution to the DNA Discovery”three times and fill in each blank with the word or sentence form the audio clip.,There was great competition to find the secret of life.This was before scientists had todays(1)_.Francis Crick and James Watson made mistakes.But in April 1953 Nature magazine published a one-page letter in which they(2)_ the structure of DNA.At first,the world did not(3)_.Several years later,scientists proved that DNA can(4)_ itself.In 1962,James Watson and Francis Crick won the Nobel Prize for Medicine.,computers,described,react,copy,They(5)_ it with Maurice Wilkins,a British scientist who also studied DNA.Looking back,both scientists(6)_ they never would have made their discovery without(7)_ and help.One person whose work they used was a British(8)_.Her name was Rosalind Franklin.Rosalind Franklin had investigated the shape of DNA molecules.She hit them with X-rays.As she recorded images,one of them showed a,shared,agree,luck,chemist,a molecule in the shape of an X.(9)_ _.Maurice Wilkins worked with Rosalind Franklin,but they were not friends.(10)_ _Mr Watson and Mr Crick said nothing about this picture in their famous paper.,It provided strong evidence of the structure of DNA as a double helix.,He did not tell her that he showed the pictureknown as Photograph Fifty-Oneto James Watson.,Some say that,(11)_ _.She might have shared the Nobel Prize with Watson,Crick and Wilkins.But Nobels only go to living people.Rosalind Franklin died of cancer of the ovaries in 1958,at the age of thirty-seven.,because she was a woman,Rosalind Franklin never got as much recognition as she should have for her research,D.Watch a video clip“Advice from Susume Tonegawa,a Nobel Laureate”twice and decide whether each of the following statements is true(T)or false(F).,1.Susume Tonegawa is now a professor doing cutting-edge research on molecular biology.2.In the early 1960s molecular biology was an emerging discipline in which Tonegawa took no interest.3.Tonegawa always tries to find interesting cutting-edge questions and technology.4.Tonegawa won Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1978 because of his ground-breaking work in antibody diversity.,_T_F_T_F_,5.According to Tonegawa,wonderful approaches are to be used in increasingly specialized science.6.There isnt plenty of room for discovery in such a discipline as neuroscience.7.Neuroscientists have known a lot about how babies learn language.8.Tonegawa encourages young scientists to go into neuroscience.9.Younger people will get bored of studying neuroscience for many years before mysteries are resolved.,_T_F_F_T_F_,Section II Theme ReadingRead and Discuss“A Peek into the Remarkable Mind Behind the Genetic Code”,focusing on the following questions.,1.What were Francis Cricks major discoveries?2.Who were his collaborators for each?3.Why is the book by Matt Ridley significant?4.Who influenced him to change his career and why might this change have been considered risky?5.In what ways did Crick forge his own path through life?,6.How did Crick work with his contemporaries to advance his thinking?8.How did Crick use visual information to solve problems?9.Why was it significant that he balanced theory and empiricism?10.Why did Crick have a falling out with James Watson?11.How does the author characterize the biography?,Reading Comprehension Complete the following unfinished statements or give a short answer to the question in no more than six words.,1.Francis Cricks major discoveries were the genetic code as well as _.2.Francis Cricks collaborator for the discovery of double helix of DNA was _.3.The biography of Crick written by Matt Ridley provides sharp insights into _ _.,the double helix of DNA,James Watson,the nature of Cricks remarkable creativity,4.Cricks embarkment on a career in biological research might have been considered risky because _.5.The fact that Crick seldom read newspapers shows one way Crick _ _.6.A cogent motive in Cricks scientific career was to _.7.Crick forged his thinking in the challenge of argument with _ _.,he was already in middle age,forged his own path through life,undercut religious obscurantism,constant interlocution with his contemporaries,8.One feature of Cricks mind was his excellence in _ _.9.Another special feature of Cricks approach to science was that _ _.10.What caused Crick to have a falling out with James Watson was _ _.,visualizing the physical relationship of objects,he always balanced theory and empiricism,Watsons gossipy account of their discovery,11.Mr.Ridley attributes Cricks great discovery to _ _,calculation and intuition.12.In the author view,Mr.Ridleys deft narration and analysis provides us with a considerably more_.,his dedication,hard work,long hours reading,complete and colorful portrait of Crick,Extension Reading Alfred Nobel and the Nobel Prize,A.Poor Health Experienced in LifeB.Contents of the Nobels WillC.Persistence in DiscoveryD.Possible Reasons for Nobel Prize CategoriesE.Unfortunate Life As a LonerF.Nobels Explanation for His ChoiceG.Nobel Prizes in Five FieldsH.Tragedy in a Laboratory ExperimentI.Nobels Vagrant Life,Para 1Para 2Para 4Para 5Para 7Para 8,_G_ _ I _ _C_ _A_ _D_ _E_,Extension ReadingThe Next Einstein?,1.Which of the following is NOT true about little Albert Einstein?A.He was fat and had a big head.B.He was misshapen and damaged.C.He had the patience to build card houses.D.He chased his violin teacher from the house.,2.It is implied in the passage that Albert Einstein _.A.was the greatest genius in physics B.proclaimed a new theory of nature C.didnt expect his image to be on posters D.was a source of comfort to hopeless parents,3.The question whether there can be a new Einstein is _.A.a question unlikely to be asked by nonplussed scientists B.a confusion of what constitutes public and scientific fame C.a question about the role of the individual in modern science D.nothing more than demoralizing some young researchers,4.According to Dr.David Gross,there is no next Einstein because _.A.an individuals role in modern science is no longer important B.there is a confusion about what constitutes a personal charisma C.a scientific genius is unlikely to appear in different circumstances D.no person can dominate in physics the way Einstein did a century ago,5.In the Dr.Edward Wittens view,_.A.Einstein solved problems in an unexpected way B.there are already many Einsteins in modern physics C.no big questions in physics can be asked by new Einsteins D.no one can come along with a completely new way of thinking,6.By saying“general relativity wont last another 200 years,Dr.Turner probably means _.A.Isaac Newton beats out Einstein in physics B.there will be someone with the impact of Einstein C.general relativity will be outdated in 100 years D.Einsteins influence will disappear within 200 years,Further Topics for Discussion and Oral Presentation,1.Who was Rosalind Franklin?Where did she study?What role did she play in genetic research?How did she collaborate with Francis Crick?2.Why is the discovery of the double helix of DNA and the genetic code important?3.To whom does a scientists discovery belonghimself,the scientific community,the university or lab where it was developed,or to the public domain?4.How and why might a scientist claim intellectual rights to a discovery?5.What attributes may contribute greatly to a scientist success in research?,Language Practice,A.Match each word in the grid with its definition,meaning description or synonym.,1.The combining of separate elements or substances to form a coherent whole2.Clearness of thought or style;lucidity3.To refuse politely;to cause to slope or bend downward.,_E_ I_K_,4.Fundamental components of all living cells and include many substances,such as enzymes,hormones,and antibodies,that are necessary for the proper functioning of an organism5.Full of or characterized by extreme anger;raging,_A_M_,6.Careful forethought to avoid danger or harm,close attention or vigilance to minimize risk,prudence or restraint in action or decision7.To form a picture of someone or something in your mind,in order to imagine or remember them,_B_F_,8.To turn around on an axis or center9.A place providing protection or shelter,as from danger or hardship 10.A measure or action taken to counter or offset another one11.An account of a persons life written,composed,or produced by another,_J_N_C_D_,12.Of,relating to,or consisting of molecules13.Quickly and skillfully,adroitly 14.Of or relating to sound,the sense of hearing,or the science of sound15.A mineral,especially a transparent form of quartz,having a crystalline structure,_G_O_L_H_,B.Fill in the blank of the following sentences with a suitable word in the grid,changing its form if necessary.,1.He was not so much interested in surgery as in medicine,which,a more _ science,offered greater scope to the imagination.2.The animals are potentially dangerous and should be approached with _.,empirical,caution,3.Their _ comments about the dangers of lead were made some six years before research showed that lead in drinking water harms children.4.I dont have very _ memories of that periodits all a bit vague.,prescient,vivid,5.The more attentively I consider their reasons,the more I become convinced that they are _ and conclusive.6.Hes _ about the way hes been treated.7._ enough,she recovered from her second heart attack quickly.,cogent,furious,Astonishingly,8.The fact that the spokesman _ avoided answering the journalists questions shows that he is very good at handling awkward situations.9.Though seriously ill,the cancer patient still clings _ to life.,deftly,tenaciously,10.They had hesitated until the last moment to tell us this curious story,which our _ minds were certainly not prepared to entertain.,skeptical,C.Complete each of the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English,using the words and phrases in the grid.,1.Before going ahead with the project,you ought to _(算出成本).2.The scientists enjoyed success on a scale _(以前任何研究所无法比的).,work the costs out,unparalleled by any previous research,3.In his speech,he _ _(大谈了团队合作的重要性)in interdisciplinary studies.4.People tend to _ _(把过去的日子与好时光联系在一起),and seem to forget the hardship they endured.,dwelt on the importance of teamwork,associate the old days with good times,5.His ambition was to become a director as quickly as possible,so he knew he had to _ _(在职业生涯中早出成就).6.In the 1980s China _ _(开始了一项大规模的计划)of industrialization and urbanization.,make a mark early on his career,embarked on a massive program,7.Although he was jumping so well,he failed to win the first prize and _ _(不得不接受第2名).8._(无论你擅长什么),we will consider you to be one of the candidates for the position.,had to settle for the second,Whatever you excel in,9._(与他们邻居相比),they lived modestly.10.I like _(你们办公室布置的方式)it is still open-plan,but everyone has some privacy.,In contrast with their neighbors,the way your office is laid out,D.Translate the following passage into English.,一生孤独、多病的诺贝尔，在生前并无多大荣耀，但根据他的遗愿在他去世后设立的诺贝尔奖却给活着的科学家带来巨大声誉。,Although most time in his life Alfred Nobel was not glorious but ailing and lonely,the Nobel Prize set up after his death according to his will brings enormous fame to the living scientists.,英国生物学家克里克(F.Crick)、美国生物学家沃森(J.D.Watson)和英国物理学家威金斯(M.Wilkins)3人因发现DNA双螺旋结构而荣获1962年诺贝尔生理学和医学奖，成为生物遗传学发展过程中著名的里程碑式人物。,British biophysicist F.Crick,American biologist J.D.Watson and British biophysicist M.Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for their discoveries about the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA),thus becoming notable milestone-figures in the advance of biogenetics.,DNA双螺旋结构的发现，是20世纪最重要的生物学成就之一。这一重要事件表明，科研进程是不会一帆风顺的。,The discovery of the structure of DNA is one of the most significant achievements in biology in the 20th century.This important event shows that scientific research never goes off smoothly.,是否是天才并不重要，重要的是从事科研需要有批判性思维、不懈的追求、敏锐的洞察力。这些或许是我们从研究诺贝尔奖获奖科学家的个人和职业故事中得到的最有意义的启示。,It doesnt matter whether a scientist is a genius or not.What matters in research is critical thinking,unrelenting pursuit and keen insight.These attributes are perhaps the most meaningful inspirations we draw from researching the personal and professional stories of Nobel Prize-winning scientists.,To be Continued,