情态动词语法填空ppt课件.ppt

Whats the definition of modal verbs?,情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。,一.情态动词的语法特征,1）情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought 和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。,2）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。,3）情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。,(1). We use modal verbs to talk about:,1. Ability （能力）2. Obligation （义务）3. Certainty （可能性）4. Permission （允许）,二情态动词的语法功能,(2).We also use modal verbs to:,5. Make requests（提出请求）6. Make suggestions（提出建议）7. Make offers（提供帮助）8. Give advice（提出意见）,三、情 态 动 词 的 多 样 性,1.首先从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语义特征。2.逐个学习，了解每个情态动词的用法特征，尤其要熟练掌握一些常用或常考情态动词的基本用法并认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法。,四、情态动词试题的突破方法,五、情态动词试题的解题技巧,情态动词,1. can could be able to,4. shall,2. may might,六常见情态动词的基本用法,5. must have to,3. will would,7. need dare,6. ought to should,8. 情态动词+have done,情态动词,1. can could be able to,3. shall,2. may might,The usage of some common modal verbs,4. must have to,5. 情态动词+have done,1.can1)表能力can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。I can climb this pole. He is only four , but he can read.,can 和could：,1.表示现在的能力：can，am/is/are able to2.表示将来的能力：will be able to3.表示过去的能力：could，was/were able to4.表示过去本来能做未做的能力用什么？ Could have done,Attention:,can/be able to区别:,can表示与生俱来的能力或一种客观可能，而be able to更加强调通过后天的学习和努力获得的能力，或者在某个客观的场合和背景下，能做到的事情。,I cant swim, but I am sure I will be able toswim through more practicing.,表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。,He_fleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.,Note：,was able to,A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.,was able to,2. She _ speak both English and French.,can,(1) Im starving. I _ eat 2 bowls of rice now.(2) If you have a good sleep, you _ work out this problem tomorrow. (将来的能力）(3) The fire spread very quickly but everyone _ get out. (过去有具体的能力；成功的做了某事）,can,will be able to,was able to,2)表推测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中） A,用于否定与疑问结构中Can the news be true? It cant be true. What can he possibly mean? 他可能是什么意思?,Hes such a nice person that he _ commit the crime.,cant,B,can用于肯定句,表示偶尔的可能性。如：,3)表示请求或允许(和may意思相近)常见于口语。Can (May) I come in ? 我能进来吗?Can I smoke here ? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?,2) could的主要用法是： A. could 是can的过去式, 表示与过去 有关的能力和推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替can表示请求、允许。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法,Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike?Yes, you can.Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer today.,Can或could 的否定形式构成习惯短语Cant.too.Cant .enough.无论怎样也不过分Cant (help) but do不得不做，只好做Cant help doing 情不自禁Cant help it 没有办法Cant .+比较级 再不过了（表示最高级）,你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。,You cant be too careful while crossing the road.,She couldnt but agree to my idea.I cant thank you enough.The film couldnt be any worse.,15I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.答案：cant 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们不在家时，你对我儿子的帮助，我怎样感谢你都不过分。cant.too much表示“无论怎样也不过分”。,May I watch TV after supper?Yes,_./ No, _.Might I use your telephone?May I go home now?It may be true.She may come tomorrow.He might have some fever.May you succeed!May you have many more days as happy as this one!,you may,You mustnt,允许,许可,禁止,阻止,Might比May的语气更委婉,表示可能性的推测,译为“大概,可能”用might时显得更加不肯定,用于祈使句表示祝愿,. May 和Might,固定搭配,will和would：,will当作情态动词时有以下用法:,If you give him time, Tom will talk and talk for hours.Every Saturday evening they will play chess together,表经常性，习惯性“老是、总是、终归是”,The door wont open.Ill do my best to help you.Will you please give me a message when you see him?-Write to me when you get home.-I will.,表示功能，译作“能”或“行”,意愿,2人称，询问对方意愿或向对方提出请求,回答祈使句,Attention:,I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch.,Question: Is this sentence correct? Why?,情态动词,表示 “意愿”,Would当作情态动词时有以下用法：Would you help us, please? When I had some trouble, he would encourage me.We all tried to stop him smoking in bed but he wouldnt listen.,过去的习惯,意愿,用于2人称，表示有礼貌的请求或邀请,用适当的情态动词填空1. The door_open, no matter how hard she pushed.(用否定形式)答案：wouldnt解析：本题考查情态动词的否定用法。句意：无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是不开。根据句意可知，wouldnt 在用于表示过去的否定句中时，表示拒绝，可译为“不肯/愿意，总是不”等。这里门好像有了意愿一样和她作对，这是一种拟人的用法。,18Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was.(用否定形式)答案： wouldnt解析：考查情态动词。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。wouldnt“不愿意”。,注意：表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。,sentence pattern,Would you please,Would you mind,Would rather,Would you like,Would 与 Used to do 区别 “过去常常”,Would -过去习惯的动作（现在有可能还有此习惯）Used to do -过去习惯的动作及状态（现在已经没有此习惯）,The old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.,would,可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为“经常、惯于、总是”。,shall和should：,1. shall用于征求对方的意见，表 “决心” Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？ （用于征求对方的意见） I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。 （表 “决心”）,1)用于第一、 三人称征求对方的意见，What shall he wear on the journey? Shall we dance? 2)shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，命令，威胁。“必须，应该可以”If he passes the examination, he shall have a holiday.You shall have it back tomorrow.,3）用于第二、三人称用于法律法规条例等文件中的要求。“应该、必须”Its required in our regulation that students shall go to school on time.Persons under 18 shant be employed in night work.,17One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.答案：shall解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们的一条规则就是，每个学生在校期间都必须穿校服。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示命令或规定。,2. should表示义务、建议、劝告等，意为 “应该”。(ought to)Students should respect teachers.The boys shouldnt be playing football; they should be at school.Its 4:30,They should be in New York by now.,劝告、建议,义务、责任,常规、常理的推测（正常情况下）按理应该,He ought to succeed, as he is so diligent.It is strange that it should be so hot today.I dont understand why she should have made such a mistake.Should it rain tomorrow, the meeting will be postponed.,居然，竟然,与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等“究竟是，到底”,用于条件句中“万一”,Shall; should; wouldYou _ go to the ball, Cinderella.You_fail if you dont work hard.The school rules state that no child _ be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.I wonder whats happened to Annie. She _ be (= It was expected that she would be) here by now.If anyone _ ask for me, Ill be in the managers office.Ididntexpectthathe_havebehavedlikethat. He said he _ see his brother tomorrow.I asked him to move his car but he said he _.What _ you do if you lost your job?_ you like me to come with you?I_rather have a beer.He _ always turn and wave at the end of the street.,shall,shall,shall,should,should,should,would,would,would,would,would,would,- Whats the name? - Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might,Drill(小练),（10江苏） I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D.may,解析：shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。,答案：B,You shall be punished for what youve done.,你一定会因为你的所作所受到惩罚。,must和 haveto,1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必”, mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”, MustIfinishallthe workatatime?,Yes, you must. No,youneednt.,I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.,2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。1、must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。,2. have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。 He had to look after his sister yesterday. 昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。,Youmustbethenewteacher. Hemustbejoking. Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveall gonehome.,3.must表示对现在某人某事的猜测，作“准是”，“一定” ，一般用于肯定句中。不能用于否定句或疑问句。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done,Attention:,very uncertain,almost certain,might,should,must,may,could,ought to,will,1.He _ be at home.,2.He _ be at home, for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.,A.may B.might C.must,A.may B.might C.must,(can),can不肯，may不问，must 不否问,口诀巧学情态动词表推测,肯定的推测一般用must, may，might （不用can） 。其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定”； may的语气次之，译为“很可能”；might语气最弱，译为“也许”。如：,情态动词对现在的推测,否定的推测：否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为“根本不可能”; 语气不很肯定时，常用may not，might not或could not，译为“可能不”“也许不”。,情态动词对过去的推测,The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.地上是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。,2. Since nobody gave him any help, he _ have done the research on his own.答案：must解析：句意：既然没人给予他任何帮助，他一定是独自完成这项研究的。本题考查情态动词。must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定做了”，符合语境。,3. I _(enjoy) myself moreit was a perfect day.答案：couldnt have enjoyed解析：句意：我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)这真是完美的一天。本题考查情态动词表示推测的用法。couldnt have done. more可以表示“过去不可能更”的意思，符合此句句意。,4. When I was a child, I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.答案：could解析：句意：在我小时候，每当我想看电视时就能看。本题考查情态动词。could在此表达过去能够做某事，符合句意。5. It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock.(用否定形式)答案：cant解析：句意：门外不可能是邮递员，现在才六点。cant不可能，在此表示推测。,6. The children _(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.答案：must have got解析：句意：孩子们肯定在树林里迷路了，否则他们就会按照计划回到湖边营地了。考查情态动词表推测。根据would have been可知语境指的是过去，must have got肯定已，符合语境。,7. Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _(drink) too much at the party last night.答案：must have drunk解析：句意：Harry感觉很不舒服，他在昨晚的聚会上一定是喝多了。考查情态动词。根据时间状语last night，得知本句应该属于对过去发生事情的推测，must have done表示“过去一定做过某事”。,8. Why are your eyes so red? You _have slept well last night.Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.(用否定形式)答案：cant解析：句意：你的眼睛为什么那么红啊？昨晚你不可能睡得很好。是的，我熬到很晚写一篇报告。本题考查情态动词用法。cant have done过去不可能做。,9. No one_ be more generous；he has a heart of gold.答案：can/could解析：句意：没有人可能比他更慷慨，他有一颗金子般的心。本题考查情态动词。can/could可能。,10. What are you doing this Saturday? Im not sure, but I _(或许) go to the Rolling Stones concert.答案：might解析：句意：本周六你打算做什么？说不准，不过或许我会去滚石演唱会。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据答语中“Im not sure”可知是对将来不肯定的推测，故填might。,11. He_sleep, although he tried to, when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.(用否定形式)答案：couldnt解析：couldnt表示“不能”。根据语境可知，他显然是“不能”入睡，根据句中的although he tried to可知这里说的是过去的事情，所以用cannot的过去式，故填couldnt。句意：尽管他想努力睡着，但还是无法入眠。此时他就开始寻找睡着的办法，直到找到为止。,12. You neednt take an umbrella. It isnt going to rain.Well, I dont know. It _do.答案：might解析：句意：你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。哦，我不知道，或许会下。本题考查情态动词。根据语境可知，说话人对是否下雨并不是很确定，因此填might或许。,How old are you, madam?If you must know, Im twice my sons age.,4. must表示“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情常用于固定句型： if you must do sth. 如果你非得要做某事）,need 与 dare,实义动词,情态动词,.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need 、 dare,情态动词 (+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句; need to do dare to doneed to be done need doing,实义动词 vs 情态动词,肯定句,实,情,e.g. She needs to stay at home today.e.g. He dares to jump from the high wall.,e.g. She need stay at home today.e.g. He dare jump from the high wall.,疑问句,e.g. Does she need to stay at home today?e.g. Does he dare to jump from the high wall?,e.g. Need she stay at home today?e.g. Dare he jump from the high wall?,实,情,否定句,Dare 作为实意动词的时候，否定句中的 to 可以省略,e.g.He doesnt dare (to) jump from the high wall.,实,e.g. She doesnt need to stay at home today.e.g. He doesnt dare to jump from the high wall,情,e.g. She neednt stay at home today.e.g. He dare not jump from the high wall.,He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,判断正误:,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?,These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.,16Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet.(用否定形式)答案：neednt 解析：考查情态动词。句意：这里相当暖和，我们没有必要还开着暖气。neednt“不必”。,20I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.(用否定形式)答案：neednt解析：考查情态动词。句意：我不必用钟表唤醒自己，因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是“不必”。,13We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.(用否定形式)答案：neednt解析：考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，那我们就没有必要买这么多食物。根据“now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner”可知neednt have done表示“本没有必要做某事而实际上却做了”。,表示否定的情态动词的用法: 部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。,mustnt 不准, 禁止 neednt 没必要 ( = dont have to )cant 不能; 不可能may not 不可以; 可能不shouldnt 不应该 ( = ought not to ),Attention:,must have done 过去一定做过某事cant have done 过去不可能做过某事should ( ought to ) have done 过去本该做某事却没做shouldnt ( ought not to ) have done 过去本不该做某事却做了,. 情态动词+have done表示对已经发生事情推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等。,neednt have done 过去没有必要做某事而实际上却做了 could have done 过去本可以做某事却没做might have done 过去可能已经做了某事,5. 情态动词+have done表示对已经发生事情推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等。,1. It must have rained last night, for the streets are wet.2. He looks very happy. He might not have known the result.3. He could not have done such a thing.4. She didnt come to school yesterday. Can she have been ill?5. They left here early and should have arrived by now.,情态动词表推测 对过去情况的推测,6. You might have written the letter without my reminding you of it.7. The doctor could have avoided the accident8. You should have finished the task yesterday.9.I was really anxious about you,you shouldnt have left home without a word.10.He ought not to have told me your secret,but he meant no harm.,过去本可能（不用may),过去本能够却没有,过去本应该却没有,过去本不该,过去本不该,14We _(face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?答案：could have faced解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？后半句用的是一般过去时，由此可知前半句是对过去情况的推测，所以用“情态动词have done”形式。could have done表示过去本可以做某事，而实际上却没有做，符合句意。,19Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I _(wish)for.答案：could have wished解析：考查情态动词。句意：“生日快乐！”“谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。”could have wished意为“可能希望”，符合句意。,在反意疑问句中，当谓语动词含有must/might/can表示推测意义时，疑问部分的助动词应与情态动词后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。,8.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句,表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句He must/may be in the room, isnt he?He cant be in the room, is he?He must have finished the work, hasnt he?He may have done the work last night, didnt he? He must have been caught in the heavy rain last night,_,wasnt he.,1. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken2. -Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -You _her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told,C,D,Practice,3. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt4. - I cant find my purse anywhere. - You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would5. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed,A,A,A,（10四川）1. _ I take the book out? Im afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need,考点：考查情态动词。解析：表请求可用情态动词can, may, could, might ,表允许用can, may.句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。,答案：B,(10陕西）2. -May I take this book out of the reading room? -No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt,解析：考查情态动词。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt，表示禁止.故本题选D。,答案：D,（10湖南）3. You_buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to,考点：情态动词解析：dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。”,答案：D,（10浙江）4. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would,考点：情态动词解析：肯定猜测，用must,答案：C,（10全国）5.Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt,解析：情态动词考查。结合语境，根据情态动词用于疑问或否定推测时，要用cant。,答案：A,6. I cant thank you too much for your kindness, because without your help I_have won the first prize in the speech contestA.cant B.shouldnt C.might not D.couldnt考查情态动词的虚拟语气的用法。意为，我再感谢你也不为过，没有你的帮助，我不可能在演讲比赛中获得第一名。根据句意可知，演讲比赛已经结束。Cant have done 不可能做了某事。 Shouldnt have done 本不应当做某事 might not have done 可能没有干某事，均不符合题意。,D,7 What sort of house do you