情态动词虚拟语气ppt课件.pptx

情态动词和虚拟语气,情态动词,一.表能力 can, be able to1.表现在的能力2.表将来的能力： will be able to3.表过去的能力,can am/is are able to,could 表示过去的能力，不表示是否做 was/were able to 表示过去有能力做并且成功地做了(相当于: managed to do sth / succeed in doing sth) could have done 表示过去本来能够做，但是却未做,情态动词,一.表能力1.I cant promise anything, but Ill do what I _.2.If you have a good sleep, you _ work out this problem.3.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.4.I _ out the problem, but I was too nervous.,can,was able to,will be able to,could have worked,情态动词,二.表推测1.在肯定句中表推测（must/have to ought to/should could may might ）当说话人表示怀疑或者犹豫时，应用may, might, could,其中might, may 的怀疑或犹豫更强(说明可能性小，不确定)That may be our taxi , but I doubt it.说话人表达毫无疑问的结论时，要用must 和have to,“一定，确定”Should/ought to所表达的程度不同，意为“按说应该”He must/ has to be the wanted man. Hes exactly like the one in this picture.He ought to /should be there on time- he started early enough.,情态动词,2.在否定句中表推测(否定语气由强到弱) cant couldntshould not may not might not否定语气较弱时，一般使用should not(应该不会), may not, might not(可能不，也许不), 否定语气较强时，则用cant或couldnt(不可能)Dont worry. Your father may not have been hurt seriously.There shouldnt be any difficulty in getting you a visa.,情态动词,3.在疑问句中表推测 can, could 表示困惑，不相信There is someone outside- who can it be?外面有人，会是谁呢？What can they be doing?他们可能在干些什么呢？Could he be serious?他是认真的吗？Where can she have put it?她能把它放在哪儿呢？,情态动词,二 .表推测（可能性）Must, should, oughtto, can, could, may, might.,情态动词,Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.Life is unpredictable; even the poorest _ become the richest.Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _(drink) too much at the party last night.,must have drunk,may/ might,can,情态动词,三.表示必要性，义务，责任1.必要性,现在或将来必须做某事： must/ have to do现在或将来不必做某事：过去没必要做某事但却做了：neednt have done,dont have to do sth neednt do sth,1.You _ that late last night. It was harmful to your health.2.-_ I give up smoking? - Yes, you _ / No, you _,neednt have worked,Must,must,neednt,情态动词,2.义务，责任Should意为“（义务上）应该”，在语气上比must弱。Should+ V 表示 现在或将来应该Should have done 表示过去本应该I should go and visit him this afternoon, but I wonder if I will be free.You should have come to the conference yesterday. What was the reason for your absence?,should,should have come,情态动词,四.表示请求，建议，命令，允许，禁止表示请求许可（asking for permission），提出建议(making suggestion)时（may, can, could, shall, will, would）Will用于疑问句而且第二，第三人称时，表示请求，建议Will your father allow us to use his telephone?shall可用于第一/第三人称疑问句中,表示请求许可,征询意见Shall the driver wait outside?,情态动词,2.表示命令，允许，禁止 must 和 mustnt 表示说话人的命令和指令，语气较强烈 should/ ought to， shouldnt/ oughtnt to 表示命令和指令时，带有不确定性 may/ might, can 表示允许The children must be back by 4 oclock.You mustnt leave the gate open.You ought to/ should apologize.Passengers may/ can / might cross by the footbridge.,情态动词,五.表示意愿，意志，决心，允诺1.Shall 与第二，第三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方以命令，指示或允诺。 此外，当宣布法律，规定的时候，也用shall来表达It has announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the apers have been collected.2.Will, would与各种人称连用，用于陈述句，表示主语的意愿，意志，决心You can stay here as long as you can, if you will. (只要你愿意),情态动词,3.表示“宁愿做某事”时，,would rather do sth (than do sth) would sth rather than do sth would rather sb did sth,情态动词,Need和 dare的区别need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1.用作情态动词，没有人称和数的变化1. -NeedIcome? -Yes,youmust/ need to. 2.Youneednttelephonehimnow.3.Idontthinkyouneedworry. 4.Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.5.HowdareyousayImunfair?,情态动词,2.用作实义动词,有人称和数的变化，Youdontneedtodoityourself.Weneedtotellthemthenews. 作实义动词时，dare 用于否定句或疑问句中，to可省略He didnt dare (to) do it. need 做实义动词时，还可表示“需要”(被动)，need + doing/ to be done.The floor needs sweeping/ to be swept.,情态动词,七.情态动词+ have done,情态动词,1.can(could)1）表示能力，could主要指过去Twoeyescanseemorethanone.两只眼比一只眼看得清。Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?这女孩上学前能识字吗？2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。Thetemperaturecanfallto60,thatis60belowfreezing.气温可降至60，也就是零下60。Hecant(couldnt)haveenoughmoneyforanewcar.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。3）表示允许。CanIhavealookatyournewpen?我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？Heaskedwhetherhecouldtakethebookoutofthereadingroom.他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。,情态动词,4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。Wherecan(could)theyhavegoneto?他们会去哪儿了呢？Hecant(couldnt)beoversixty.他不可能超过六十岁。Howcanyoubesocareless?你怎么这么粗心？5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。Can(Could)youlendmeahand?帮我一把好吗？Imafraidwecouldntgiveyouananswertoday.恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。,情态动词,2.may(might)1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。Youmaytakewhateveryoulike.你喜欢什么就拿什么。HetoldmethatImightsmokeintheroom.他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。May(Might)Iaskforaphotoofyourbaby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？2）表可能（事实上）。Hemaybeathome.他可能在家。Shemaynotknowaboutit.她可能不知道这件事。Hewasafraidtheymightnotagreewithhim.他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。Theymightbehavingameeting,butImnotsure.他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。,情态动词,3.must1）表示义务。意为“必须”，mustnt表示禁止，不可以Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。Youmustnttalktoherlikethat.你不可能那样对她说话。-Mustwehandinourexercisebooksnow?我们现在就要交练习本吗？-No,youneednt./No,youdonthaveto.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustnt）2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。Sheswearingadiamondnecklace.Shemusthavealotofmoney.她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。,情态动词,4.shall1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。ShallIgetyousometea?我给你点茶好吗？Shalltheboywaitoutside?让那男孩在外面等吗？Whatshallwedothisevening?我们今晚做什么？2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。YoushalldoasIsay.按我说的做。（命令）Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）,情态动词,5.will1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。Iwilldoanythingforyou.我愿为你做任何事。Noneissoblindasthosewhowontsee.不愿看的人眼最瞎。Ifyouwillreadthebook,Illlendittoyou.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。2）表请求，用于疑问句，而且是第二第三人称。Willyouclosethewindow?Itsabitcold.请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。Wontyoudrinksomemorecoffee?再来一点咖啡好吗？,情态动词,6.should1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。Youshouldbepolitetoyourteachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。Youshouldntwasteanytime.你不应该浪费时间。2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。Thefilmshouldbeverygoodasitisstarringfirstclassactors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。Theyshouldbehomebynow.照说他们现在应当已经到家了。）,情态动词,7.would1）表意愿。（will的过去时态）Theywouldnotlethiminbecausehewaspoorlydressed.他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。IsaidIwoulddoanythingforyou.我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Wouldyoulikeanotherglassofbeer?再来杯啤酒好吗？Wouldyoumindcleaningthewindow?请把窗户擦一下好吗？Theywouldnthaveanythingagainstit.他们不会有什么反对意见。,情态动词,8.oughtto1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.你是他父亲，应当管他。Yououghtnttosmokesomuch.你不应该抽这么多烟。2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theresafinesunset;itoughttobeafinedaytomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。,情态动词,1.- Could you have my car ready today? - Sure. The damage is not that serious, so it _ be ready by 5:00 pm2. It is raining cats and dogs. Im so surprised that you _ stand outside.3.- How do you find the club? - I would rather not _(join) it. Everyone is saying its management is going from bad to worse.(我宁愿没有加入它，大家都在说他的管理变得越来越糟糕。)4.You _ use your cell phone here in our hospital because of the disturbance to the electronic equipments! Its forbidden.,should,should,have joined,mustnt,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,一.虚拟语气在条件句中与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式 (be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.If he was here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。,虚拟语气,2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （ would, might， could）+ have 过去分词。She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。If she hadnt called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。,虚拟语气,3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)； should动词原形；were to动词原形，主句用should （would, might， could）+动词原形。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.If it should fail, I would try again.,虚拟语气,4. 混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。此时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。If you _ (follow) my advice, you _ (be) better now.If you _(study) hard before, you _(be) a college student now.,had followed,had studied,would be,would be,虚拟语气,二. 连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到句首，变为倒装。 If you had not helped me, I should have failed.Had you not helped me, I should have failed. If you were in my position, you would do the same. Were you in my position, you would do the same. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.,虚拟语气,三. 含蓄条件句虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= If it had not your help , we couldnt have finished the work ahead of timeI was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.= If I had not been ill that day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.,虚拟语气,四.虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用It is (was)+形容词 / 过去分词+that引导的主语从句,从句的谓语用should+动词原形, should 可省略。Its important that we（should）work out a plan. Its suggested that the meeting (should ) be put off till next week.常见形容词有：necessary, important, impossible, essential,reserved, strange, natural等 过去分词就是表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested, required，requested，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等,虚拟语气,2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用1). 用于表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有suggest，request，demand，propose，advise，insist，require，order， command，maintain，object, arrange, desire等。宾语从句中的谓语动词为“should + V” should 可省略The doctor suggested that he （should）not go thereHe suggested that we should leave early. They insisted that the boy should go with us.Attention:如果suggest表示“表明，暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”，suggest/insist 后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen money.,虚拟语气,2). wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。 从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky. 从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望 I wish you would stay a little longer. 表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”I wish I had met that film star yesterday.,虚拟语气,I wish +,主语+一般过去时（表示现在的愿望）主语+ had done（表示过去的愿望）主语+would/could +V （表示将来的愿望）,虚拟语气,3). would rather表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。 表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式 表示过去事实相反的含义用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather I had not told him the bad news.,虚拟语气,3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them. 我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。My suggestion is that we should tell him. 我的建议是我们应该告诉他。Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。,虚拟语气,五. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用常用在It is time (that)句型中，定语从句常用一般过去时，或者是should +V,(should)不能省略It is time the children went to bed.Its high time that he began to think how to deal with money. It is time that we should start out.,虚拟语气,六.虚拟语气在as if/ as though引导的从句中的应用 as if/ as though引导方式状语从句或标语从句，有时从句的谓语部分要用虚拟语气形式：主句+ as if +,一般过去时（状语从句动作与主句的动作同时发生）过去完成时（状语从句动作先于主句的动作）Would/ could/ might +动词原形（状语从句动作后于主句的动作）,He looks as if he were an artist.She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go to USA.,