商务英语入门第九章 外教社修订版ppt课件.pptx

高等学校英语拓展系列教程,主 编：任书梅 王璐,副主编：曹颖,外语教学与研究出版社,Chapter 9,电子商务,Electronic Commerce,Lecture Outline,What Is E-Commerce? 什么是电子商务？,Benefits of E-Commerce 电子商务的好处,Types of E-Commerce 电子商务的类型,Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换,B2B E-Commerce 企业间的电子商务,B2C E-CommerceOnline Shopping 企业与消费者间的电子商务网上购物,E-Learning 电子学习,Going Global with Internet Marketing利用因特网营销走向全球,Lead-in activities,Shopping online now seems to be very trendy because of its speediness and convenience. You can shop at home without going outside. In spite of this, there are still some people who may get online quite frequently, even everyday, but never shop online.,Lead-in activities,Have you ever bought anything through the Internet? If you have, why do you decide to shop online? If you have not, what are the reasons for you not trying to do so?,Lead-in activities,Possible reasons for not doing so,Additional Info, Dont trust websites & be afraid of being cheated. Be afraid of the qualities of the products. Be afraid that the good after-service can not be provided. Be unfamiliar with or dont know how to shop online. There are no products online that I want. Payment and delivery procedures are complicated and insecure. The goods are not plentiful enough.,What Is E-Commerce?, E-Commerce refers to doing business through electronic media or the practice of buying and selling products and services over the Internet, utilizing technologies such as the Web, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), email, electronic fund transfers and smart cards, without face-to-face meeting between the two parties of the transaction.,What Is E-Commerce?, E-Commerce is expected to boom beyondlimits in the near future, and it will play a major role in the way that small, medium and large companies conduct business either with their consumers or other businesses.,What Is E-Commerce?,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info, The boundaries between “conventional” and “electronic” commerce will become increasingly blurred as more and more businesses move sections of their operations onto the Internet.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Overcome Geographical LimitationsIf you have a physical store, you are limited by the geographical area that you can service. With an e-commerce website, the whole world is your playground. Additionally, the advent of M-commerce, e-commerce on mobile devices, has dissolved every remaining limitation of geography.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Gain New Customers with Search Engine Visibility Physical retail is driven by branding & relationships. In addition to these two drivers, online retail is also driven by traffic from search engines. It is not unusual for customers to follow a link in search engine results, and land up on an e-commerce website that they have never heard of.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Lower CostsOne of the most tangible positives of e-commerce is the lowered cost. A part of these lowered costs could be passed on to customers in the form of discounted prices. The following are some of the ways that costs can be reduced with e-commerce:,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Lower CostsAdvertising & MarketingOrganic search engine traffic, pay-per-click, and social media traffic are some of the advertising channels that can be cost-effective.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Lower CostsPersonnelThe automation of checkout, billing, payments, inventory management, and other operational processes, lowers the number of employees required to run an e-commerce setup.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Lower CostsReal EstateThis one is a no-brainer. An e-commerce merchant does not need a prominent physical location.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Locate the Product More QuicklyOn an e-commerce website, customers can click through intuitive navigation or use a search box to immediately narrow down their product search. Some websites remember customer preferences and shopping lists to facilitate repeat purchase.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Eliminate Travel Time and CostIt is not unusual for customers to travel long distances to reach their preferred physical store. e-commerce allows them to visit the same store virtually, with a few mouse clicks.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Provide Comparison ShoppingE-commerce facilitates comparison shopping. Several online services allow customers to browse multiple e-commerce merchants & find the best prices.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Provide Comparison ShoppingTop 15 Most Popular Comparison Shopping Websites 1.BizRate 2. NexTag 3. shopLocal 4. slickdeals 5. woot 6. coupons 7. pronto 8. shopzilla 9. ShopAtHome 10. smarter 11. PriceGrabber 12. fatwallet 13. DealTime 14. Become 15. DealNews,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Enable Bargains, Coupons, & Group BuyingThough there are physical equivalents to bargains, coupons, & group buying, online shopping makes it much more convenient. If a customer has a deep discount coupon for turkey at one physical store & toilet paper at another, she may find it infeasible to avail of both discounts. But the customer could do that online with a few mouse-clicks.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Provide Abundant Informatione-commerce websites can make additional information easily available to customers. Most of this information is provided by vendors, and does not cost anything to create or maintain.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Create Targeted CommunicationUsing the information that a customer provides in the registration form, and by placing cookies on the customers computer, an e-commerce merchant can access a lot of information about its customers. This, in turn, can be used to communicate relevant messages.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Remain Open All the TimeStore timings are now 24/7/365. e-commerce websites can run all the time. From the merchants point of view, this increases the number of orders they receive. From the customers point of view, an “always open” store is more convenient.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Advantages of E-Commerce over Store Retail, Create Markets for Niche ProductsBuyers & sellers of niche products find it difficult to locate each other in the physical world. Online, it is only a matter of the customer searching for the product in a search engine. One example could be purchase of obsolete parts. Instead of trashing older equipment for lack of spares, today we can locate parts online with great ease.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Disadvantages of E-Commerce, E-Commerce Lacks That Personal TouchPhysical retailers usually have a personal approach and they value human relationship. As a result, shopping at those retail outlets is reassuring and refreshing. Clicking on “Buy Now,” and piling up products in virtual shopping carts, is just not the same.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Disadvantages of E-Commerce, E-Commerce Delays GoodsE-commerce websites deliveries usually take a lot longer to get the goods into your hands. Even with express shipping, the earliest you get goods is “tomorrow.” An exception to this rule is in the case of digital goods, e.g. an e-book or a music file.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Disadvantages of E-Commerce, Some Goods Cannot Be Purchased OnlineDespite its many conveniences, there are goods that you cannot buy online. Most of these would be in the categories of “perishable” or “odd-sized.” such as popsicles.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Disadvantages of E-Commerce, E-Commerce Does Not Allow You to Experience the Product Before PurchaseYou cannot touch the fabric of the garment you want to buy. You cannot check how the shoe feels on your feet. You cannot “test” the perfume that you want to buy.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Disadvantages of E-Commerce, Anyone Can Set Up an E-Commerce WebsiteOnline storefront providers bring you the ability to set up an e-commerce store within minutes. The lowered barriers to entry might be a great attraction to the aspiring e-commerce entrepreneur. But for the buyer, reliability can be an issue.,What Is E-Commerce?,Additional Info,Disadvantages of E-Commerce, SecurityWhen making an online purchase, you have to provide at least your credit card information & mailing address. In many cases, e-commerce websites are able to harvest other information about your online behavior & preferences. This could lead to credit card fraud, or worse, identity theft.,Benefits of E-Commerce, As computer network facilitates information exchange in a speedy and inexpensive way, the Internet now penetrates into almost every corner of the world. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can forge global relationships with their trading partners everywhere in the world. High-speed network makes geographical distances insignificant. Businesses can sell goods to customers outside traditional markets, explore new markets and realize business opportunities more easily.,Benefits of E-Commerce, SMEs who cannot afford to establish overseas and strongholds can now increase their exposure to every corner of the world. Business can gather information on products, buyers, and competitors through the Internet so as to increase their own competitiveness.,Benefits of E-Commerce, Business can maintain their competitive advantage by establishing close contact with their customers and consumers at any time through the Internet by providing the latest information on products and services round the clock. On the other hand, data can be updated at any time, eliminating the problem of out-of-dated information.,Benefits of E-Commerce, The internet provides companies with markets in the cyber world and numerous chances for product promotion. In addition, their relationships with buyers can also be enhanced. By the use of multi-media capabilities, corporate image, product and service brand names can be established effectively through the Internet.,Benefits of E-Commerce, Detailed and accurate sales data can help to reduce stock level and thus the operating cost. Detailed client information such as mode of consumption, personal preferences and purchasing power can help business to set their marketing strategies more effectively.,Benefits of E-Commerce, Why does high-speed network make geographical distance insignificant? What benefits can E-Commerce bring to businesses? Why can corporate image be established effectively through the Internet by the use of the multi-media capabilities?,Questions for Discussion,Benefits of E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce, There are a variety of types of E-Commerce and many different ways to characterize these types. For the most part, we distinguish different types of E-Commerce by the nature of the market relationshipwho is selling to whom. The following are the main types of E-Commerce.,Types of E-Commerce, All internal organizational activities involved in exchange of goods, services or information usually are performed on Intranets. Activities can range from selling corporate products to employees online training.,Intra-organizational E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce, Amongst all other types of E-Commerce, this way of doing business electronically through the Internet or Electronic Data Interchanges is the one that deserves the most attention. B2B E-Commerce applicants will enable companies to get the following kinds of information: products, customer, supplier, inventory, supply chain alliance, competitor, sales, and marketing.,Business-to-Business (B2B) E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce,Business-to-Business (B2B) E-Commerce, B2B E-Commerce means that companies do business with each other such as manufacturers selling to distributors and wholesalers selling to retailers. Pricing is based on quantity of order and is often negotiable.,Additional Info,Types of E-Commerce, Business provide consumers with online shopping through the Internet, allowing consumers to shop and pay their bills online. This type of offering saves time for both retailers and consumers.,Business-to-Customer (B2C) E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce, Consumers can post their own products online through some agent websites for other consumers to bid. Individuals in classified ads can sell residential property, cars, advertise personal services on the Internet and sell knowledge as well as expertise.,Business-to-Customer (B2C) E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce, B2C E-Commerce means businesses sell to the general public typically through catalogs utilizing shopping cart software. B2C E-Commerce is really what the average Joe has in mind with regards to e-commerce as a whole.,Additional Info,Business-to-Customer (B2C) E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce, Among various kinds of services provided by governments, many of them can be done through electronic media. Providing public services electronically not only provides citizens time-saving and high-quality services, but also improves efficiency and cost effectiveness. Besides, the move can also promote the development of E-Commerce.,Government-to-Citizen (G2C) E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce, This mode of trading often describes the way in which government purchases goods and services through electronic media such as the Internet.,Government-to-Business (G2B) E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce, G2G E-Commerce is the electronic sharing of data and/or information systems between government agencies, departments or organizations. The goal of G2G is to support e-government initiatives by improving communication, data access & data sharing.,Additional Info,Government-to-Government (G2G) E-Commerce,Types of E-Commerce, The term “Mobile Commerce” was originally coined in 1997 to mean “the delivery of electronic commerce capabilities directly into the consumers hand, anywhere, via wireless technology.” Many choose to think of Mobile Commerce as meaning “a retail outlet in your customers pocket.”,Additional Info,Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce),Types of E-Commerce, According to BI Intelligence in January 2013, 29% of mobile users have made a purchase with their phones. Walmart estimated 40% of all visits to their internet shopping site in December 2012 was from a mobile device. Bank of America predicts $67.1 billion in purchases will be made from mobile devices by European and U.S. shoppers in 2015.,Additional Info,Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce), How many types of E-Com