句子成分及基本句型ppt课件.ppt

句子成分及基本句型,by高一年级英语组,英语词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成十个大类。1.名词 noun n. student 学生2.代词 pronoun pron. you 你3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的4.副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割6.数词 numeral num. three 三,7.冠词 article art. a 一个8.介词 preposition prep. at 在.9.连词 conjunction conj. and 10.感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦前六类叫实词，后四类叫虚词。,句子成分,主语 subject谓语 predicate宾语 object表语 predicative宾补 complement定语 attribute状语 adverbial同位语 appositive,1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,（一）主语：,主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。,e.g. (1) Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语）(2) He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语）(3) Smoking is harmful to the health.（动名词作主语）(4) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(5) What we should do is not yet decided.,（不定式作主语）,（主语从句作主语）,（二）谓语,说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。,说明主语“,e.g. His parents are teachers. We study hard. We dont finish reading the book. He can speak English.,（行为动词作谓语）,（系动词和表语一起作谓语）,（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）,（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）,（三） 宾语,宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。,She is doing her homework now.She says（that）she is ill.We often help him.He likes to play basketball.We enjoy listening to the music.,（名词作宾语）,（宾语从句作动词宾语）,（代词作宾语）,（不定式作宾语）,（动名词短语作宾语）,说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。,说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给看），bring, pass, buy等。e.g.（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light.,间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等,(1) I give him a book. 改成： (2) He passes me the book. 改成： (3) He writes me a letter. 改成： (4) He will buy me some books. 改成： (5) She is making me a cake. 改成：,I give a book to him.,He passes the book to me.,He writes a letter to me.,He will buy some books for me.,She is making a cake for me.,（四）宾语补足语,在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。,e.g. They make her happy. I see her dance. Well help you to make the Olympics a success. Please let him in. We heard her singing a song.,（形容词）,（不定式）,（名词）,（副词）,（分词短语）,（五）表语,表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 e.g. I am a teacher. He is always happy. They are on the playground now. It gets cold.,（名词）,（形容词）,（介词短语）,（形容词）,Be动词（am，is，are, was, were） 表保持（keep, stay, remain） 表改变（get， become， turn） 感官动词 feel，sound（听起来） seem/look（看起来） taste（尝起来） smell（闻起来）e.g. It sounds interesting. We should all remain careful.,系动词,系动词,表语,系动词,表语,（六）定语,定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。 单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。e.g. The black bike is mine. Whats your name? They make paper flowers.,（形容词）,（代词）,（名词）,说明1：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing, anything, everything, something等时，定语在不定代词后面。 e.g. I tell him something interesting. （形容词interesting作不定代词something 的后置定语） He has something to do. （to do为不定式作后置定语）说明2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。 e.g. The boys in the room are in Class Four. （in the room是介词短语作the boys的后 置定语。）,（七）状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。,e.g. He did it carefully. We often help him. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher. He sits there.,（副词）,（副词）,（介词短语）,（从句作时间状语）,（副词地点状语）,（八）. 同位语,当两个同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。,我们有两个孩子，一男一女,We have two children, a boy and a girl.,那人是我的老师，他从来都不骑自行车,The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.,句子类型,1、简单句：简单句只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语动词（或并列谓语动词）。如：My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,2、并列句：并列句由并列连词或分号“；”把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：It is late , so we must hurry.,3、复合句：复合句中含有一个或一个以上的从句。如：If we want to keep fit , we must always remember that prevention is better than cure. 从以上并列句和复合句的例句来看，我们不难看出它们实际上是由几个简单句通过并列连词或从属连词连接起来的。,简单句的五种基本句型,1. 主语+不及物动词(主谓) e.g. The sun rises. 太阳升起来。 The car stopped. 小汽车停下来了。 rise和stop都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。2. 主语+及物动词+宾语(主谓宾) e.g. I love my country. He helps me. I like action movies. I buy a book.,3. 主语+系动词+表语(主系表) e.g. Her brother is a driver. We feel happy.（feel为系动词，表示感到） It gets dark.（get为系动词，表示变得） Tom looks ill. （look为系动词，表示看上去，看起来）4. 主语+及物动词+双宾语 (主谓+直宾+间宾) e.g. He gives Tom a present.（双宾语） Mother make a new dress for me.（双宾语）,5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(主+谓+宾+宾补) e.g. They call her Mary.（宾补） We make our classroom clean and tidy.（宾补） He always makes us laugh.（宾补）,另外第六种为：there be 句型e.g.There are 75 students in our class.,(一) 挑出下列句中的宾语1. My brother hasnt done his homework.2.People all over the world speak English.3. How many new words did you learn last class?4.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?5.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.,(二) 挑出下列句中的表语- The old man was feeling very tired.- The leaves have turned yellow.- Soon They all became interested in the subject.,(三) 挑出下列句中的定语1. What is your given name?2. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4. I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!,(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.,(五) 挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast., With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.,划分句子成分,You will tell your friend that youve got to school. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open.4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.,1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school.2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didntdare open a window.3. Another time five months ago, I happened to beUpstairs at dusk (when the window was open).4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thunderingClouds held me entirely in their power.,主语,谓语,间宾,定语,直接宾语,原因状语,主语,谓语,宾语,状语,翻译以下句子,1.你的故事听起来很有趣。You story sounds very interesting.2.我感到有一点累。I felt a bit tired. 3.我妹妹是在农村长大的。 My younger sister grew up in the country.4.这家医院创建于1950年。 This hospital was set up in 1950. 5.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。 He broke the traffic rule because he drove his car too fast.,6、他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。He brought out a bottle of beer and drank it up quickly.7、顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？By the way, has she paid you the money?8、下学期谁教你们生物？Who will teach you biology next term?9、他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净He always keeps his bedroom clean. 10、什么促使你这样想的？What made you think so?,Thank you！,