英语 介词 ppt课件.pptx

什么是介词？它的作用是什么？,介词(preposition简写prep.)又称作前置词，通常位于名词或代词之前，表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系。,第五章 介词,介词的分类和成分作用,表示时间的介词,表示位置、方位的介词,常用“一词多用”介词,CONTENTS,01,02,03,04,其他用途的介词,05,考点一介词的分类和成分作用,PART 01,介词的分类,简单介词,短语介词,合成介词,in, on, at, for, by, from, about, with, since, after, before, ago, by, till,within, without, inside, outside, into, throughout,because of, instead of,look forward to, in spite of, according to, owing to,From the library to the teaching building is 5 minutes walk.,主语,The book is under the desk.,表语,They leave in a hurry.,状语,The apples on the tree taste good.,定语,I think everything out of control.,补语,介词短语的成分作用,【例】I saw him walking _ the street. A.along B.from C.in D.to,【正确选项】 A【考查内容】介词短语walk along的用法【答题分析】结合句意“我看见他沿着大街走去。”介词短语walk along表示“沿着走”，在句子中作状语，可排除B、C、D三项，故选A项。,() They found the machine _ a bad state. A.in B.at C.on D.to,A,即时巩固,考点二常用“一词多用”介词,PART 02,in the car, 在里面,in summer, 在时候，后接年、月、季节,in 2 hours,在之后，后接时间段,in Chinese,用（语言、材料）,in,on the floor, 在上面,on Friday, 在时候，后接日期、星期,a textbook on the history of China,关于,on,at home, 在（后接小地点）,at 7 oclock a.m., 在时候，后接时间点,at a low price,以(后接速度、价格),at,to run for exercise, 为了，表目的,I once taught Math for 2 years.,因为，由于，表原因,to cry for pain,后接时间段，表动作持续的时间,I paid $50 for it.,以价格(或支付)；交换；作为的补偿）,for,by,to go by the book,根据，依据,made by hand,通过（方式、手段）,by bike,使用（交通工具）,Be back by ten oclock.,到为止，在以前,a house by a river,在附近，旁边,I met her by chance.,因为，由于,from noon to midnight,从，后接时间,to suffer from a cold 遭受，蒙受；经受；体验到(痛苦等),从，后接地点,to go from London to Paris,由于，由引起,from,about 5 oclock,a story about love,大约,关于,about,2,4,1,3,with,和一起,Stay with me.,带着，表伴随的一种状态,enter with confidence,用工具,to stir with a spoon,因为，由于,faint with hunger 饿得发晕,【例】They fought _ their freedom. A.at B.in C.for D.to,【正确选项】 C【考查内容】介词for的用法【答题分析】结合句意“他们为了自由而战。” 选项中只有介词for可以表示“为了”，故选C项。,()I am sorry _ what I said to you. A.at B.in C.for D.to ()She is singing _ morning to night. A.from B.in C.since D.after,C,即时巩固,A,考点三表示时间的介词,PART 03,1. at, on, in的辨析,1. Fill the blanks with proper preposition. on the morning of October 1st on a rainy afternoon on an evening with heavy snow,当morning、afternoon、evening被其他词所修饰，表示特指的某一天早、中、晚时，前面的介词应用on。,2. Translation.下周一我将要去上海。I will go to Shanghai next Monday. 你去年去了巴黎吗？Did you go to Paris last year?,当morning、afternoon、evening、Monday（星期）、January（月份）、year、week等名词前有this、 that 、last、next等词修饰时，其前面的介词通常省略。,2. for, in, since, after的辨析,2. for, in, since, after的辨析,How long have you been a teacher？ （I have been a teacher）For 7 years.How soon will you finish the task？ （I will finish the task）In about 2 hours. She has studied in England since 2017.They started dancing after 3 oclock p.m.,3. before, by, till, until的辨析,She watched TV till/ until her mother came back. 她看电视直到她母亲回来。（看电视的动作延续到母亲回来才结束） She didnt watch TV until her mother came back. 直到她母亲回来她才（开始）看电视。（看电视的动作直到她母亲回来才发生）,用于肯定句时，主句的动词只用延续性的，它所表示的动作一直延续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到为止”；用于否定句时，一般使用until，意为“直到（才）”。,4. during, through的辨析,【例】Jay Chou, the famous singer, was born _ January, 1979. A.at B.on C.in D.to,【正确选项】C【考查内容】时间介词in的用法【答题分析】月份前面用介词in，由表示月份的关键词January，可排除A、B、D三项，故选C项。,()When is Henrys birthday party, Lynn?_ about two oclock in the afternoon.A.In B.At C.On D.To ()She has been ill _ several days.A.for B.in C.since D.after,B,即时巩固,A,()He hasnt heard from his son _ last winter.A.atB.in C.since D.for,C,即时巩固,考点四表示位置、方位的介词,PART 04,North,West,South,East,on,in,to,表示“A在B里面”,表示“A和B相邻（接壤）”,表示“A和B不相邻（不接壤）”,A lies in the east of B.A lies on the west of B. A lies to the south of B.,Beijing is in the north of China.,1. 北京在中国的北部。,Korea is on the northeast of China.,2. 朝鲜在中国的东北面。,Japan is to the east of China.,3.日本位于中国的东边。,in,表示“在”，后接较大的地点,at,表示“在”，后接较小的地点,HelivesatNo.27ZhongshanstreetinWuhan.Ill wait for you at the bus stop.,below,on,under,above,over, Thereisanappleonthetable. Thereisabridgeoverthe Changjiangriver. Theysatunderabigapple tree,drinking. A bird flew above our heads. The ship disappeared below the horizon.,by,beside,near,next to,A bank was built near our school.Sit down by/ beside me.We both looked down at the newspaper beside him. Whos the boy standing next to you?,between,among,around,outside,What Jack had done was beyond my comprehension.He identified his baggage among hundreds of others.There are many trees and flowers around the house.It feels cold outside.Go inside the house.This ship went between China and Japan.,inside,beyond,in front of,in the front of,behind,There is a computer in the front of the classroom.A river flows in front of the house.He sat behind me.,along,across,through,I saw them running together along the road yesterday.Its so much safer to get across the road with traffic lights.The moonlight poured in through the window.,【例】Two planes are flying _ the city. A. through B. on C. over D. below,【正确选项】C【考查内容】方位介词over的用法【答题分析】句意：两架飞机正在城市上方飞翔。 through表示“穿过”，强调从内部穿过； on表示“在上面”，表面相互接触； over表示“在正上方”，二者不接触； below表示“在下方，低于”，故选C项。,()The street is too narrow for the bus to go _. A.through B.across C.on D.in ()Do you see the kite _ the building? A.over B.across C.on D.above,B,即时巩固,D,()Tom told me his parents had arrived _ Beijing.A.atB.on C.in D.to,即时巩固,C,Fill the blanks with proper prepositions according to the contexts and pictures.,1. He put the computer on the desk.,2. I met Mary at the school gate this morning.,3. There is a cat under the table.,4. He saw many hills and rivers below the plane.,5. She is holding an umbrella over her head.,6. An airplane flew above the clouds.,7. Lily sat between Jack and Tom.,8. Amy smiles happily among the children.,9. Our English teacher is speaking in the front of the classroom.,10. There is a yard in front of my window.,11. They walked across the road carefully.,12. The path goes through the forest.,13. The students stood around the teacher.,14. My family often have a walk along the river.,考点五其他用途的介词,PART 05,【例】_ lower cost, his design has many other advantages. A.Except B.Beside C.Besides D.Except that,【正确选项】C【考查内容】介词besides的用法【答题分析】结合句意：“除成本低之外，他的设计还有许多其他的优点。”besides“除外（还有）”，所搭配的宾语包含在论及事物之内。故选C项。,()Most students go to school every day _ Sunday and Saturday.A.except B.beside C.besides D.except that ()Whats the TV news _? The Chinese Team won five gold medals at World Table Tennis Championships.A.at B.across C.above D.about,A,即时巩固,D,()Nowadays, some mobile phones can take photos _ a camera. A.forB.of C.likeD.as()We think it impolite _ him to ask the lady her age. A.for B.of C.likeD.as,C,B,真题回顾,1.（2017湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）It is a good idea to send these clothes and books_ the children in poor areas. A. to B. by C. at D. for,A,2.（2016湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Dont worry！I will be back _ a minute. Afor B. since C. in D. after,C,3.（2015湖北省技能高考文化综合试卷）Zhang Min couldnt draw money _ the ATM because he forgot the pin. A. from B. to C. with D. for,A,基础训练,1. I got an e-mail last night. It was _ my foreign friend, Tony.A.in B.on C.at D.from2. Stephen often practices English_ chatting with his American friend.A.in B.by C.for D.with3. Mary s teacher was so mad _ her because she made too many mistakes in the test.A.at B.in C.on D.about,D,B,A,4. Max always chat with his friends _ English.A.on B.in C.at D.for5. Oh, its you, Jack! Your voice sounds very different _ the phone. A.from B.in C.of D.on6. When the school building began to shake, the teachers ran downstairs _ all the students. The teachers are heroes in my heart.A.after B.with C.since D.for,B,D,A,7. _ a teacher, Anita thinks that her main duty is to help the students to become better learners.A.By B.As C.About D.for8. The little girl helped the old woman _ the road.A.above B.through C.across D.over9. Coco usually gets up early _ the morning. A.on B.at C.in D.of,B,C,C,10. Sally is very happy. There is a big smile _ her face.A.on B.to C.in D.at11. _ my opinion, the experiences in ones childhood will affect its character.A.To B.In C.For D.Among12. TF boys are popular _ the teenagers.A.around B.between C.during D.among,A,B,D,能力提升,1. The suit fitted him well _ the colour was a little darker. A.except for B.except that C.except when D.besides 2. What do you often do _ two classes to relax yourself? Listen to some light music.A.over B.among C.between D.through 3. Her wedding was _ a sunny morning.A.at B.in C.on D.to,B,C,C,4.How soon can you finish the reading task? _ half an hour.A.In B.At C.For D.Later5. The teacher usually stands _ classroom.A.at the front of B.in the front of C.in front of D.at front of6. I have been our school _ 2016. A.since B.for C.in D.ago,A,B,A,7. Be careful, OK ? Look left and right before you go _ the street. A.by B.along C.through D.across8.Do you know? Wine _ grapes.A.is made from B.is made by C.is made of D.is made in9. I have seen him _ but I cant remember his name A.ago B.by C.till D.before,D,A,D,10.Does John know any other foreign language _ German？A.except B.except that C.besides D.beside11.Sara had learned more than 600 words _ the age of six.A.by B.about C.at D.of12.Do you know the boy _ a volleyball in his hand? A.by B.in C.to D.with,C,A,D,