语法ppt课件：状语从句.ppt

状语从句,状语从句是由从句来充当状语的句子，其在句子中可修饰谓语动词(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或整个句子。它可以用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。,一、状语从句的引导词,续表,续表,状语从句讲解一、时间状语从句1when，while，as的特殊点(1)表示带有规律性的“每当”或从句和主句的动作存在先后关系时，一般用when。(2)when可用作并列连词，意为“在那时，突然”，常用于下列句式：be about to do- when;be doing- when; be on the point of doing- when; sb.had just done sth.when-(3)表达“随着”或“一边一边”的含义时，一般用as。(4)as作“当时候”解，从句的谓语一般不可是状态动词。(5)while从句的谓语动词不可是短暂性的。,【例1】 _ the days went on，the weather got worse.AWith BSince CWhile DAs答案D【例2】 _ you are at home alone，please dont leave the door open.AUntil BWhile CBefore DAs答案B,2表示“一就”的时间状语从句(1)as soon as常用一般现在时表将来。(2)hardly/scarcely.when.或no sooner.than.结构中，主句谓语用过去完成时，从句谓语用一般过去时。把no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序(3)表示时间概念的副词充当连词，如：immediately，directly，instantly等。(4)“the瞬间名词”，如：the moment，the minute，the second等。,【例3】 Just use this room for the time being，and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.(2010安徽)Aas soon as BunlessCas far as Duntil答案A【例4】 She had _ sat down _ the telephone rang.Ahardly；than Bhardly；whenCno sooner；when Dno sooner；as答案B,【例5】 I went to see him _ I heard from him.Awhen BwhileCas Dimmediately答案D,3以time结尾的短语引导时间状语从句every/each time，(the) next time，(the) last time，the first time，any time，by the time等短语也可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。【例6】 I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.Afirst time Bfor the first timeCthe first time Dby the first time答案C,【例7】 I seem to remember that _ we met I did most of the talking.Athe last time Bevery timeCat the time DA and B答案D,4since引导时间状语从句的用法(1)主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。(2)若从句谓语动词是延续性的，表示动作的终止；若从句谓语动词是短暂性的，则表示动作的开始。(3)固定句型：It is/has been段时间since一般过去时。【例8】 Have you known Dr.Jackson for a long time? Yes，since she _ the Chinese Society.Ahas joined Bjoins Chad joined Djoined答案D,【例9】 What was the party like?Wonderful.Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.Aafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince答案D【例10】 Do you smoke?_.Its three years since I smoked.AYes，I do BYes，I dontCNo，I dont DNo，I do答案C,5until/till引导时间状语从句的用法(1)用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词是延续性的，表示相应动作结束的时间。如：He worked until five oclock.他一直工作到五点钟。(2)用于否定句中，主句的谓语动词一般是短暂性的，表示相应动作开始的时间，意为“直到才”如：He didnt begin to work until five oclock.直到五点钟他才开始工作。【例11】 A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.Auntil Bunless Cwhen Dafter答案A,注：not.until可用于强调句或倒装句中。如：I didnt know it until he came back. It was not until he came back that I knew it.强调句Not until he came back did I know it.倒装句,6once引导时间状语从句的用法once引导时间状语从句时含有条件意味，译为“一旦”。【例12】 _ they decide which college to go to，students should research the admission procedures.(2010北京)AAs BWhile CUntil DOnce答案D,7before引导时间状语从句的用法表示“在之前”。常用的句型： It will be some time before.意为“要过一段时间才”。It was long before- 很久才 It wasnt long before-不久就-【例13】 John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.(2010陕西)Awhen Bafter Cbefore Dsince答案C,【例14】 Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.Awhen Buntil Cbefore Dafter答案C注：before的反义词是after，两者可以转换。如：We had stayed here four days before we went home. After we had stayed here four days，we went home.,8whenever的用法whenever表示“无论何时”，相当于every time/each time。【例15】 _ I come to Beijing，I call at my teachers home.ABy the time BWhileCWhenever DWhen答案C/D,二、条件状语从句1引导条件状语从句的连词主要有if “如果”，unless“除非”(=if- not)，as/so long as“只要”，on condition that“只要”，supposing“假设”，providing/provided“倘若”等。【例16】 Our holiday cost a lot of money.Did it? Well，that doesnt matter _ you enjoyed yourselves.(2010江西)Aas long as BunlessCas soon as Dthough答案A,【例17】 The little boy wont go to sleep _ his mother tells him a story.(2010全国)Aor Bunless Cbut Dwhether答案B【例18】 The bell is rung _ there is a fire.Aeven Bthat Cif Dalthough答案C,2in case也可引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，万一”。【例19】 _ I forget，please remind me about it.AIn case BAs BUnless DThough答案A,3.“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+简单句”句型，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。Hurry up, or else youll be late.One step further, and the car will hit you.,三、原因状语从句1because引导原因状语从句的用法(1)含有很强的因果关系，回答why的提问，一般只用because。(2)在强调句型中，如强调原因状语从句，只用because引导这个从句。【例20】 Why didnt he come yesterday? _ he had something important to do.ABecause BAs CSince DFor答案A,【例21】 It was _ I was ill that I didnt go to school.Abecause Bsince Cas Dfor答案A,2since，as引导原因状语从句的用法表示已知或明显的原因，通常放于主句之前。since比as更正式一些，since“既然”，as“由于”。【例22】 _ everyone is here，lets begin.ABecause BSince CFor DBecause of答案B注：表示“既然”的连词还有now that/when等。,【例23】 _ you wouldnt like to go there，you might as well stay here.AEven if BSince CNow that DWhen答案B/C/D,3for表示原因的用法for表示原因时属于并列连词，不能放在句首，有时表因果关系(此时可与because等换用)，有时不表因果关系，而是对前一分句的内容加以解释或推断(此时不与because等换用)。【例24】 (1) The ground is wet，_ it rained last night.(2)It rained last night，_ the ground is wet this morning.(3)It must have rained last night，_ the ground is wet this morning.Abecause Bsince Cas Dfor答案(1)A/B/C/D(2)D(3)D,4在sorry，glad等表示“情感”的形容词后的连词在表示“情感”的形容词后由that引导原因状语从句。【例25】 Im sorry _ I havent met him.Abecause Bsince Cas Dthat答案D,四、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有where“在的地方”，wherever“无论什么地方”。【例26】 _ he is，he will be thinking of his girlfriend.AWhat BWhere CWhether DWherever答案D,【例27】 She found her calculator _ she lost it.是状语从句Athat Bwhere Cin which Dwhen答案B【例28】 This is the factory _ her mother worked last year.是定语从句Athat BwhereCin which Dwherever答案B/C,五、目的状语从句1so that和in order that引导目的状语从句，从句谓语常用情态动词can (could)，may (might)，will (would)等。【例29】 I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.Asince Bso thatCas if DUnless答案B,【例30】 He opened the window _ fresh air might come in.Asince Bsuch thatCin order that Das if答案C,2in case，for fear that也可引导目的状语从句，意为“以防”。【例31】 John may phone tonight.I dont want to go out _ he phones.Aunless Bin caseCso that Dthough答案B,六、结果状语从句1常用so that，so/such.that引导。2须注意这几种结构：soadj.a/an可数名词单数；sucha/anadj.可数名词单数；suchadj.可数名词复数或不可数名词。3结果状语从句中谓语常不用情态动词。【例32】 She told us _ story that we all forgot the time.Asuch an interesting Bsuch interesting aCso an interesting Da so interesting答案A,【例33】 It was _ that all of us went out for a walk.Asuch fine weather Bso fine weatherCsuch fine a day Dso a fine day答案A注：如果可数名词复数或不可数名词前有many，much，few，little (少)修饰时，用so而不用such。如：I have so few relatives that I feel lonely.我几乎没有什么亲属，(结果)我感到孤独。,【例34】 _ little children got _ little information.ASo；such BSo；soCSuch；so DSuch；such答案C,七、让步状语从句1although/though引导让步状语从句的用法表示“虽然”，二者一般可通用。但用作副词(置于句末，用逗号隔开，意为“可是、然而”)时，一般只用though。【例35】 _ she is young，she knows quite a lot.ABefore BHoweverCAlthough DUnless答案C,【例36】 We agreed to meet here.He hasnt turned up，_.Abut BhoweverCalthough Dthough答案D,2as引导让步状语从句的用法as引导让步状语从句时，意为“虽然”，从句中的形容词、副词、名词或动词原形置于句首。(若是名词，其前一般不用冠词。)【例37】 _，he cant know everything.AAs he is clever BAs clever he isCClever as he is DA teacher as he is 答案C,【例38】 Try _ I may，I dont think Ill succeed.Aas Beven ifCalthough Dthough答案A/D,3even if，even though引导让步状语从句的用法表示“即使”，二者一般可通用。【例39】 Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exercise.(2010湖南)Aif Beven thoughCunless Das long as答案B,4“no matter疑问词”的用法no matter疑问词(who，which，what，when，where，how)引导让步状语从句时，表示“无论”，分别等于whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever，however。【例40】 Nobody believed him _ what he said.Aeven though Bin spiteCno matter Dalthough答案C,【例41】 _ troublesome the problem is，he faces it with patience.AHowever BDespiteCNo matter DAlthough答案A【例42】 _ great difficulties the future may have in store for us，we will keep up until we finally achieve our goals.AHowever BWheneverCWherever DWhatever答案D,5whether.or引导让步状语从句的用法表示一正一反的概念，常译作“不管”，从句常用省略形式。【例43】 _ sick _ well，she is always happy.ANeither；nor BEither；orCWhether；or DBoth；and答案C,6when/while引导让步状语从句的用法表示“虽然”。【例44】 They kept trying _ they must have known it was hopeless.Aif BbecauseCwhen Dwhere答案C【例45】 _ I admit that there are problems，I dont think that they cannot be solved.AUnless BUntil CAs DWhile答案D,八、方式状语从句1as if/as though引导方式状语从句的用法表示“好像”，从句谓语有时用陈述语气，有时用虚拟语气。 【例46】 He treats me well _ I were his father.Aas Blike Cas if Deven if答案C,【例47】 She had a tense expression on her face，_ she was expecting trouble.Aeven though Bas thoughCso that Dnow that答案B,2as引导方式状语从句的用法表示“像一样”；“照方式”等含义。【例48】 We must live _ Lei Feng lived.Alike Bas Cas if Deven if答案B【例49】 Do rememer that you must do everything _ you are told to.Awhat Bwhich Cas Dif答案C,3what引导方式状语从句的用法what引导方式状语从句，一般只用于A is to B what C is to D这一句型中，意思是“A对于B的重要性，就如同C对于D的重要性一样”。【例50】 Reading is to the mind _ food is to the body.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dof which答案A,九、比较状语从句1as原级as(用于肯定句或否定句)；so原级as(用于否定句)。2比较级：more.than。3the more.，the more.。前面是从句，后面是主句。当主句是将来时时，从句须用一般现在时代替将来时。【例51】 The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did.Aas faster as Bso faster thanCso faster as Das fast as答案D,【例52】 The longer the period _，the higher the interest rate _.Awill be；will be Bis；wasCwill be；is Dis；will be答案D,