雅思写作 大作文写法ppt课件.ppt
雅思写作专业二级 大作文写法介绍,大作文类型,雅思大作文三大类型五种常见题目问法（ADOPT）1）观点类（要求考生提出自己的观点）A（To some extent）do you agree or disagree？O Whats your opinion?2）讨论类（要求考生讨论一个事物的两个方面，也就是优点和缺点）DDiscuss both views.TDiscuss（Tell） advantages and disadvantages.3）问题（解决）类（不需要考生讨论，只需要阐述问题产生的原因和解决方法）PWhat caused this problem and what solutions can solve this problem？,大作文类型观点类,观点类 ：题目讲述某种社会问题，提出某项观点或者某两个对立观点，问作者观点，文章侧重作者本人的观点，所以重点是详述自己的观点。例：Environmental protection is a key issue in todays world. Some say the protection is an effort that should be done at international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Health is a basic right for all citizens and therefore should be offered to all people free of charge. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give your reasons for your answer.,大作文类型观点类,观点类： 1.支持一边: 第一段:背景句+改写题目+本人立场 第二段:支持该观点的原因1: 总括（功能性的句子）+首先（解释 +举例），其次（A+B） 第三段:支持该观点的原因2:（具体同上） 第四段:支持该观点的原因3: （具体同上） 第五段：总结观点,大作文类型观点类,2.两边论证：第一段：背景句+改写题目+本人立场第二段：正面观点+原因第三段：正面观点+原因第四段：反面观点+原因第五段：总结观点,大作文类型讨论类,讨论类：题目涉及到某个问题的两方对立观点，题目要求两方观点都要讨论，并给出自己的观点，所以两个观点均需要给出理由。 例：Advertising is playing an important role in our modern society and we are confronted with various advertisements on a daily basis.Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?Some people think that culture traditions may be destroyed when they are used as money-making attractions aimed to tourists. Others believe that it is the only way that traditions can be remained in the world. Discuss both and give your own opinion.,大作文类型讨论类,讨论类：1. 作者观点与题目中的观点之一相同：第一段：背景句+改写题目+本人立场第二段：正面观点+原因第三段：反面观点+原因 （23）第四段：总结观点2.作者观点与题目中的观点都不相同：第一段：背景句+改写题目+本人立场第二段：正面观点+原因 第三段：反面观点+原因第四段：自己观点论述第五段：总结,大作文类型问题解决类,问题与解决类：题目提出某种问题，问这种问题的发生原因和解决措施，不涉及观点。 例：There is a gap between living in the city and the countryside.What are the reasons in your country and how can the difference be reduced? Recent figures of crimes committed by young people are incresing in major cities throughout the world . Discuss the possible reasons and how to solve it?,大作文类型问题解决类,问题解决类：写法一：第一段:背景句+改写题目+文章内容第二段:原因1+措施1 第三段:原因2+措施2 第四段:原因3+措施3第五段:总结建议+预测写法二：第一段:背景句+改写题目+文章内容第二段:原因1，2, 3第三段:措施1，2, 3第四段:总结建议+预测,大作文结构,引言段:3-4句a. 文章背景b. 改写题目c. 个人立场或中间主体部分的简单描述主体段：（两到三段，一般每段四到五句）topic sentence（1句） supporting sentences closing sentence结论段：2句总结文章内容及作者观点,大作文评分标准,（1）Task Achievement the number of words avoid digression（2）Lexical Resources use 7/8 big words use words in right situation（3）Grammar Range and Accuracy a mixture of tenses high level of grammar（4）Coherence and Cohesion between sentences and paragraphs,大作文开头,讨论类和观点类文章的开头：Sentence1：background（general statement）背景句Sentence2：rephrase the topic（thesis statement）改写题目Sentence3：personal opinion or brief description of the main body 个人观点或者主体部分的简单描述,大作文开头,一、背景句写法： 确定题目讨论哪个方面的问题，然后以这个问题为中心，写一句介绍性的话。例：Some people who have been successful in the society dont attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge(that) they learnt from their university. Do you agree or disagree?分析：关键信息 personal success， theoretical knowledge ， 那么就围绕这几个单词写一个陈述句。,大作文开头,开头句一：People have long been interested in identifying theforces that contribute to personal achievement.开头句二：The importance of theoretical knowledge to onessuccess is a matter for debate.,大作文开头,练习：The advertising is discouraging people from being different individuals and makes people to be or seem to be the same. Do you agree or disagree?,大作文开头,参考答案：开头句一：The influence of advertising on our buying behaviors is a subject matter.开头句二：In recent years, much more attention than ever before has been paid to the influence of advertising on our buying behaviors.,大作文开头,二、改写题目方法：1.加上常用句型2.改变句子成分的顺序3.改变句子成分,大作文开头,例题：Police in Britain do not carry guns. Some people believe that it will make citizens unprotected, but some suggest that it would reduce violence in society. Discuss those two views.分析：假设背景句是In some countries，such as Britain, it is a convention that police do not carry guns.,大作文开头,改写题目：1、加上常用句型：There is a perception that it will make citizens unprotected, while a counter argument is that it would reduce violence in society.2、改变句子成分的顺序：Some people think that citizens would be unprotected, while some suggest that violence could be reduced.3、改变句子成分：Some people think that it fails to protect citizens while some suggest that it would minimize violence in society.,大作文开头,三、第三句写法（个人观点或者文章主体内容的简单阐述）例：Children in secondary school study international news as a subject, but some think thats a waste of time. Discuss both views and give your opinion.分析：题目讨论的话题是international news。背景句可写成：International news represents one of the main sources of information from which we discover what it happening around the world.改写题目后的句子：However, when it comes to including it in the curriculum at secondary school, there is an ongoing debate.,大作文开头,第三句写法一：支持：My personal view is that studying international news is of benefits to students.反对：I am not convinced that.第三句写法二：讨论两个方面：There are some points in both sides./Personally，both sides of the issue should be taken into consideration as follows.,大作文开头,问题解决类的文章开头：与其他两类的题目的不同主要在于：问题解决类主要是针对问题的产生原因和解决方法。背景句和其他两类题目差不多，但是第二三句有很大不同。结构一般是：背景句+改写题目（写出关注这个问题的直接原因）+文章要讨论的内容。例：What are the causes and solutions of the problem of the scarcity of water resource?,大作文开头,分析：1.题目讨论的是water shortage（水资源的短缺），围绕这个词组写出背景句：Water shortage is one of the most challengingissues to address in many countries.2.改写题目：there are some factors leading to this problem that.3.最后一句概况文章讨论的内容：Some of the most commonfactors will be discussed below, followed by some effectivesolutions.,大作文开头,练习：There is a gap between living in the city and living in the countryside. What are the reasons in your country and how can the difference be reduced?,大作文主体,主体段：Topic sentence中心句Supporting sentence支持句：拓展、解释和论证中心句Closing sentence总结句（可有可无）思路拓展寻找分论点的十大原则论证方法8大论证方法,大作文结论,结论段做到以下三点：a重新阐述你的观点和立场b重新总结主体部分讨论过的要点c不要加入新的内容,大作文结论,例题：Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?各段中心句：1. One of the main functions of advertising is to assist consumers to find and buy suitable products.2. Meanwhile, advertising serves to stimulate consumption and contributes to economic development.3. Despite its importance, there is no denying that every now and then, advertising leads consumers into an impulsive purchase, thereby causing wasteful spending.,大作文结论,结论段：In the light of these facts, advertising plays an essential role in society , not only making consumers well- informed buyers but also fostering economic development. However, consumers should beware of the misleading nature of advertising.,Thank you,
