英语构词法 合成法ppt课件.ppt
Grammar,构词法 (Word Formation),构词法,构词法：,合成(Compounding),派生法(Derivation) 【前缀/后缀】,转化法(Conversion) 【词性转换】,chair + man chairman mother + land motherland class + room classroom super + market supermarket,-er（的人） farm farmer make maker prisonprisoner designdesigner cook cooker post poster,face n. face v. book n. book v. park n. park v.,合成词的种类及构词方法,合成词的种类及构词方法,合成词的种类及构词方法,复合形容词是由两个或两个以上的词构成的形容词，而且词与词之间通常有连词符号。通常在句中做定语。复合形容词的构成方式有多种，复合形容词的构成规律体现了知识之间的融汇贯通。下面介绍两种复合形容词的构成方式,含有分词的复合形容词,1. peace-loving people= people who love peace 爱好和平的人2. fine-sounding words=words which sound fine 甜言蜜语3. soft-feeling materials=materials which feel soft 手感柔软的面料4. good-looking gentleman=gentleman who looks good 仪表堂堂的男士5. hard-working students=students who study hard刻苦读书的学生,6. hand-made goods=goods which were made by hand 手工制品7. heart-felt thanks=thanks which are felt by heart 衷心的感谢8. fast-developing industry=industry which develops fast 高速发展的产业9. highly-developed countries=countries have developed highly 高度发达的国家10. newly-arrived visitors=visitors who have arrived newly 刚刚抵达的参观者,复合形容词中的现在分词与名词之间具有动宾关系,语态上表示主动 。作定语时相当于具有主谓宾关系的定语从句，翻译时可采取倒译法。复合形容词中的过去分词与名词之间具有主谓关系,语态上表示被动 。作定语时相当于“过去分词+by /with somebody/something”翻译时可采取直译法。,复合形容词构成中的现在分词与过去分词的区别,a peace-loving nation = a nation which loves peace（一个爱好和平的民族） an English-speaking country = a country whose people speak English (一个说英语的国家)。,这种复合形容词中的现在分词与名词之间具有动宾关系,语态上表示主动 。作定语时相当于具有主谓宾关系的定语从句，翻译时可采取倒译法。例如：,man-made 人造的snow-covered 被雪覆盖的air-filled 充满空气的,2. 名词过去分词,这种复合形容词中的过去分词与名词之间具有主谓关系,语态上表示被动 。作定语时相当于“过去分词+by /with somebody/something”翻译时可采取直译法。,man-made satellites = satellites made by manan air -filled bag = a bag filled with air,小试牛刀,选择正确的英文翻译：,清洁鞋子的服务,A.shoe-cleaning serviceB.shoe-cleaned service,A.a book filling roomB.a book-filled room,一个放满书的房间,种小麦的省份手工作品,wheat-growing provinceshand-made works,暖心的话语晒伤的皮肤,heart-warming wordssun-burnt skin,英汉短语互译：,省时的机器,time-saving machines,人为的事故,a man-caused accident,小试牛刀,选择正确的英文翻译：,清洁鞋子的服务,A.shoe-cleaning serviceB.shoe-cleaned service,A.a book filling roomB.a book-filled room,一个放满书的房间,种小麦的省份手工作品,wheat-growing provinceshand-made works,暖心的话语晒伤的皮肤,heart-warming wordssun-burnt skin,英汉短语互译：,省时的机器,time-saving machines,人为的事故,a man-caused accident,含有动名词的复合形容词,sleeping- pills 安眠药 = pills which are for sleeping waiting-room 候车室 = room which is used for waiting reading-room 阅览室= room which is used for reading,动名词表用途,形容词/数词+名词+ed构成的复合形容词,cold-blooded animals= animals with cold blood 冷血动物a long-haired girl=a girl with long hair一个长发女孩儿a single-armed general=a general with one arm 一位独臂将军a three-legged chair=a chair with three legs. 一把三条腿的椅子,注意：不可以使用名词复数担当定语，不可以说a three-legs chair,a three-years-old girl,a three-year-old girl,
