英美概况(英文版ppt)课件.ppt

History,The United States of America,英语国家概况,The War of Independence,II,CONTENT,America in the Colonial Era,I,1.1 Pilgrim Fathers,In 1620, Puritansthe Pilgrim Fathers sailed for Virginia aboard the ship Mayflower. Reason to flee from England:to avoid the religious persecutionLanded in what is now Plymouth, Massachusetts.,1.2 Boston Tea Party,The independence of the Massachusetts colonial government was curtailed, and more British soldiers were sent to the Port of Boston.,In 1773, patriots staged the “Boston Tea Party” in response to the tea tax.,British Parliament then passed The Intolerable Acts:,They boarded British merchant ships and tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor.,1.3 The First Continental Congress,The First Continental CongressSeptember, 1774,A meeting of colonial leaders who opposed British oppression was held in Philadelphia. They urged Americans to disobey The Intolerable Acts and to boycott (抵制) British trade. At the same time, the colonists began to defend themselves.,The War of Independence,On April 19, British troops were sent to Lexington and Concord to disarm the American militiamen. The first shot in the American War of Independence.,2.1 The Shot of Lexington,2.2 The Second Continental Congress,Held in Philadelphia in May 1775 Assume the functions of a national government,Founding Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington. Printing paper money and opening diplomaticrelations with foreign powers.,George Washington, a wealthy Virginia planter, was respected as a man of ability and integrity.,Once a colonel in the French and Indian War;One of the few Americans with considerable military experience; Led the continental army to the victory of the Independence War.,George Washington,2.2 The Second Continental Congress,2.3 Declaration of Independence,On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed.,Q.What does the Declaration of Independence tell us?,A: It tells of the theory of politics, which latter is central to the Western political tradition:Men has a natural right to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness”.Government can rule only with “the consent of the governed”;Any government may be dissolved when it fails to protect the right of the people.,The assistance from France Benjamin Franklina messenger to Europe to get help from other countries. The French King made two agreements with Franklin: 1.France would take part in the war against England. 2.They agreed to trade with each other.Spain and Holland joined France against Englanda quick end to the war.,2.4 Process of the War,In 1781, a decisive victory at Yorktown in VirginiaOn October 19, 1781, the British army was forced to surrender, and the war came to an end. The two parts signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783America won its independence,2.4 Process of the War,The Civil War,3.1 Causes of Civil War,3.1.1 Economic reason:two different economic systems 3.1.2 Political reasonThe NorthFederal Government as a unionThe SouthThe Confederate Government: the independence of each state,Q. What was the essential cause of the Civil War?,Two different economic systems existed side by side In the Southslavery was the foundation In the Northcommerce and industry led the economyled to increased conflicts between North and South.,3.1.1 Economic reason,Southern Cotton Plantation,Whitneys Cotton Gin,3.1.1 Economic reason,3.2 Comparison of Power,3.3 The Fierce War,On Feb 4,1861, Abraham Lincoln took officeAbraham Lincoln a young man & lawyer in IllinoisHe insisted slavery was evil and should be restricted and ultimately abolished,Challenges Abraham Lincoln faced:first prioritykeeping the United States one countryfreedom for black peoplesecondary objective,3.3 The Fierce War,On April 14, Lincoln was assassinated by actor John Wilkes Booth.,3.3 The Fierce War,The Lincoln Memorial, made of marble from Colorado and Tennessee and limestone from Indiana, stands in West Potomac Park in Washington, D.C.,3.3 The Fierce War,A. 1) abolished the slave system 2) swept the obstacles to the development of US capitalist production,3.4 Influence of the Civil War,Q. What was the significance of the Civil War?,America in the 20th Century,Outbreak of the First World War,Inevitable result of contradiction between two groups of imperialist powers:AlliesBritain, France, and RussiaThe Central European PowersGermany, Austria-Hungary and Italy The political, economic and colonial rivalries of the great powers.,4.1 World War I,World War I,4.1 World War I,Q. Why did America enter World War I?,4.1 World War I,US entered the war in 1917 An armistice (停火协议) was concluded in November 1918,4.2 Post WWI to the 1940s,The booming 1920s private business received substantial encouragement,The Great Depression In 1929 the stock market crashedDepression deepened, many lost their life savings,4.2 Post WWI to the 1940s,People Waiting for Relief,World War II broke out in September, 1939 and ended in August, 1945.Background of the war The World Spread economic crisis Germany and Italy began their ways of fascism and military expansion. Japan meant to conquer China and Southeast Asia by military expansion.,4.3 World War II,A sit-on-the-fence policy do trade with the warring countries, including the aggressorsbelieve in “glorious isolation”,4.3 World War II,Q. What is Americas foreign policy in the early stage of World War II?,On the morning of December 7, 1941, Japanese air force attacked the US Pacific fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. It was the direct cause for Americas entrance into the war.,4.3 World War II,4.3 World War II,End of WWIIThe US airforce dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima On August 6 and on Nagasaki on August 8. On September 2, 1945, Japan surrendered.,4.3 World War II,The Cold War United Nations in 1945a new and better world would emerge from World War II. The conflict between the two superpowers Russia and the US increased and later led to the Cold War.,4.4 Post WWII Years,NATO In 1949, the United Statesin company with 11 other powersentered into the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).,The Korean War The US aggressed Korea in June 1950A ceasefire agreement was signed in the summer of 1953marked the US failure and the end of the war.,4.4 Post WWII Years,Korean War Memorial,The Vietnam WarA long-time suffering for the US Started under Eisenhower and continued by Kennedy and JohnsonIn 1965 US sent in troops to prevent the South Vietnamese government from collapsing. Ultimately, a failureIn 1975 Vietnam was reunified under Communist control.,4.4 Post WWII Years,Table Tennis Foreign PolicyNixonfirst US president visited Beijing. The “Shanghai Communiqu”a new US policy: there was one China; Taiwan was part of China;,Q. What contributions did Richard Nixon make in promoting the Sino-US relationship?,4.4 Post WWII Years,Richard Nixon & Premier Zhou Enlai,4.4 Post WWII Years,America Since 1980s,4.4 Post WWII Years,Bill Clinton,George Herbert Walker Bush,Ronald Reagan,George W. Bush PeriodGeorge W. Bush: The 43rd president of the US elected in 2000Since 2003, America has had the fastest-growing economy,America in 21st century,The war against terrorismTerrorist Event on September 11, 2001Invasion of Iraq On March 19, 2003 an invasion of Iraq by American and British troops “Trial of century”the trial of Saddam began on October, 19, 2005 in Baghdad. Saddam is accused of crimes against humanity.,America in 21st century,The present president- Obama,Obama became the first African-American President in 2008 andWas re-elected in 2012.,