仁爱版七年级下英语各单元语法ppt课件.ppt

各单元语法课件,Unit5 Topic1语法专项课件（频度副词）,频度副词的定义,频度副词表示动作发生或状态存在的频率。,常用的频度副词及频度副词短语有：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, once a week, every day等。对频度副词或频度副词短语提问时，用how often，表示“多久一次”。,频度副词的分类,模糊频度副词always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never,精确频度副词every day, once a week, twice a month, three times a year,频度副词对比图,always的频度是100%，意为“总是；永远地”。,usually的频度是70%左右，意为“通常；平常”。,often的频度是50%左右，意为“常常”。,sometimes的频度是20%左右，意为“有时”。,hardly的频度是5%左右，意为“几乎不；简直不”。,never的频度是0，意为“从来不；永不”。,频度副词经典例句,1) always表示的频率为100%，意思是总是、 一直、始终。 I always do my cleaning on Sundays. 我总是在星期天打扫卫生。,频度副词经典例句,2）usually与always相比，表示的频率要低些，约为70%-80%。意思是通常。Plants are usually green. 植物通常是绿色的。Usually she goes to work by bus. 她通常乘公共汽车去上班。,频度副词经典例句,3）often的频率比usually又略低些，约为60%-70%，意思是经常、常常。Do you often write to them? 你常给他们写信吗？ Does Fred come here often? 弗雷德常来这儿吗？,频度副词经典例句,4）sometimes的频率比often又低些，约为50%sometimes30%，意思是“有时、不时”。Jenny usually eats a sandwich for lunch. Sometimes she eats soup.珍妮经常午饭吃一个三明治。但她有时候喝汤。,频度副词经典例句,6）never与always完全相反，是100%否定，意思是“从不，决不，绝不，总是不“。I can never stop. 我绝不会停止。Li Ming never wears dresses. 李明从不穿裙子。,频度副词的位置,通常频率副词放在实义动词之前， be动词，情态动词或助动词之后。但是sometimes最活跃。它既可以在句中也可以在句首，还能在句末。,频度副词的位置,She is always ready to help others.,（be动词后）,My parents have never been to Beijing.,（助动词后）,We often go there.,（实义动词前）,Sometimes she writes to me.,（句首或句尾）,频度副词的用法,1. often, always, usually等通常和一般现在时连用，表示现在经常或反复发生的动作。例：It often rains here in April. 这儿四月份常下雨。,频度副词的用法,2.always与进行时连用时，并不强调动作正在进行，而是表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。例：He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。As a boy, he was always making trouble.他小时候总是惹是生非。,（表赞扬）,（表厌烦）,频度副词的用法,3. 对频度副词提问时，用how often。例： I write to my brother sometimes.How often do you write to your brother?,易错点1,how often与how long/far/soon的用法区别,（多用于一般现在时）,（多用于完成时）,（多用于一般将来时）,易错点2,sometimes与some times/some time/sometime,易错点3,hardly与hard辨析,例： Lucy hardly ate anything. 露西几乎什么都没吃。 The ice is hard enough to skate on. 这冰很硬，可以在上面滑。,【典例1】 Zhang lili, “The most beautiful teacher”, is good to her students. Yes, and she is _ popular with her students. A. sometimes B. never C. always D. hardly,考查频度副词。always总是，sometimes有时，never从不，hardly几乎不。be popular with 深受的欢迎。根据题意，答案选C。,【典例2】 Did you go to the cinema to see 3D Titanic last night? No, I _ go to the cinema. The tickets are too expensive. A. hardly B. sometimes C. only D. usually,考查频度副词。hardly几乎不，sometimes有时，only仅仅，usually经常。由too expensive（太贵）可知，“几乎不看电影”，所以答案选A。,【典例3】 _ is it from home to the shopping mall? About fifteen minutes ride. A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much,考查频度副词。How long多久，How far多远，How often多久一次，How much多少钱。根据About fifteen minutes ride可知，问的是距离，故答案选B。,Unit5 Topic2语法专项课件（现在进行时）,现在进行时定义,现在进行时是表示现在、说话瞬间或当前正在做着的动作。,考点透视,知识定位,时态形式,动名词,肯定否定疑问,使用条件,标志词,变化规则,能力要求,现在进行时的结构,否定形式,问句形式,主语 + be not doing sth.,be + 主语 + doing,Lily is doing her homework now.,Lily is not doing her homework now.,Is Lily doing her homework now?,现在进行时三大用法,1） 表示现在（ 指说话人说话时） 正在发生的事情。, Whats your brother doing now? 你弟弟在做什么？ He is flying a kite. 他在放风筝。,2）习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。,The number is getting bigger and bigger.数字在逐渐变大。,现在进行时三大用法,现在进行时三大用法,3）表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。,He is always thinking of others. 他总是想着别人。,（表赞扬）,动名词变化规则,如何判断现在进行时,(1)一般句中用到表示“在现在”的时间状语，如：now, right now, at the moment 或Its+几点钟”句型，常判断用现在进行时。Eg:Its six oclock. The children are playing basketball.现在六点钟了，孩子们正在打篮球。,如何判断现在进行时,(2)句中用到“Listen！” “Look!” “Keep quiet” “Dont make noise!”等提示语时，表明说话间另一个动作正在进行，这时，句子也要用现在进行时。Eg:Keep quiet ! The teachers are talking in the office.安静！老师正在办公室里谈话。,如何判断现在进行时,(3)现在进行时常用来表示在当前一直做着的动词，这时句中常用these days ,all the time等时间状语。Eg: These days, uncle Wang is building a small room for his dog. 这些天，李叔叔正在为他的狗建一个小房子。,如何判断现在进行时,(4) 通过上下文句义，表明某一动作是现在或说话瞬间发生的动作，这个句子也要用现在进行时态。Eg: Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪儿？ He is running on the playground . 他正在操上想跑步。,如何判断现在进行时,(5)表示状态和感觉的词，一般不能用于进行时态，因为他们不能表示正在进行的动作。Eg:Look! The boat looks like a duck.看！这只船像只鸭子。,考查现在进行时的结构。根据“直、去、双、变”原则：talk-talking; play-playing。进行时的结构是be + v-ing。,【典例1】用词语的正确行使填空 (1) Listen, Mr. Wu on the phone (talk). (2) I soccer now. Im walking. (not play),is talking,am not playing,(3) Is your father at home? Yes ,he is .He a TV show (watch) (4)They to go to the shop now. (want ) (5) you for your friends? (wait) No, Im not.,is watching,want,Are,waiting,考查现在进行时的结构。根据“直、去、双、变”原则：watch-watching, wait-waiting。进行时的结构是be + v-ing。 (4)中表示某人的意愿，不用现在进行时。,【典例2】Look! Tom _ TV happily on the sofa. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching,考查现在进行时。look是现在进行时的标志词，现在进行时的结构为be + v-ing，所以只有答案D符合。,Unit6 Topic1 语法专项课件（there be句型1）,初中英语仁爱版七年级下册,there be句型定义,there be 构成的句子称为“存在句”。此句型构成形式一般为 “there be + 某人/物 + 地点/时间”，意为：在某地有某物（或某人）。,There is a cat under the tree.树底下有一只猫。,There are two students in the classroom. 教室里有两个学生。,there be句型定义,there be句型结构,肯定句：there be + 其他,否定句：there be + not + 其他,疑问句：be + there + 其他,There is a bag on the desk.,There isnt a bag on the desk.,Is there a bag on the desk?,there be句型结构,“Whats + 表示地点的介词短语”用there be句型来回答。,Whats on the desk?There are 5 eggs on the desk.,注意：询问的时候，be动词只能用单数is， 而回答时需视情况而选用单复数。,易错点1,a. There is +单数可数名词不可数名词,There is a book on the desk . 桌子上有一本书。,There is some water in the bottle.瓶子里有些水。,易错点1,b. There are +复数名词,There are some pictures on the wall.墙上有些图画。,There are two apples in the basket.篮子里有两个苹果。,易错点2,there be句型的就近原则,There be 就近原则：若句子中有几个并列主语时，be动词的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。,1.There is a girl and two boys under the tree.,2.There are two boys and a girl under the tree.,【典例1】What_ on the shelf? There are some books. A. be B. am C. are D. is,考查be动词。句意：架子上有什么？有几本书。 What be + 表示地点的介词短语提问，be动词只能用is。,【典例2】Is there a garden in the yard? Yes, there is. And there _ beautiful flowers in it. A. is so much B. are so many C. is so many D. are so much,考查there be句型。句意：院子里有一个花园吗？有，并且里边有很多漂亮的花。flowers为可数名词单数，选用are和many来限定，故答案选B。,Unit6 Topic1 语法专项课件（方位介词）,初中英语仁爱版七年级下册,方位介词用法,表示“在某地”时，at后接较小的地点，in后接较大的地点。如：at the station 在车站； in Beijing 在北京,1. in，at，on,方位介词用法,2. on; above 与 below；over 与under,on, over，above都表示“在的上面” on 表示“在某事物表面上” over表示“正上方”， above只表示“斜上方”,方位介词用法,2. on; above 与 below；over 与under, above的意思是“在之上”，斜上方，反义词是below。如：The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。The Dead Sea is below sea level.死海的海面低于海平面。over的意思是“在的正上方”，表示垂直之上，其反义词是under。如：There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。There is a ball under the desk.桌子下面有一个球。,方位介词用法,behind,at the back of,in front of,3. 表示“在前/后”的介词图示例,in the front of,方位介词用法,in front of 表示“在之前（范围外）”。如：There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些树。in the front of表示“在的前部（范围内）”。如：Our teacher usually stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师通常站在教室前面。,方位介词用法,behind意为“ 在后面”，是in front of的反义词。 at the back of意为“在的后部”，与in the front of互为反 义词组。如：The boy was hiding behind a tree.那个男孩躲在一棵树后。 There is a blackboard at the back of our classroom. 我们教室后面有一块黑板。,方位介词用法,例：between the two villages 两个村庄之间 The match is between a Japanese team and a Chinese team. 比赛在中国队和日本队之间进行。 The village lies among the hills.村庄位于群山之中。 Lucy is dancing among her classmates. 露西在她的同学之间跳舞。,5. 表示“在之间”： between, among,方位介词用法,6.其它方位介词,方位介词用法,in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；above表示在上方，below恰好为反向。若表正上用over，under表示正下方。in front of表在前，反义behind在后面。从里穿过用through，表面通过across。进到里面用into，落到上面用onto。from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。小小介词用处大，反复实践掌握它。,方位介词记忆歌诀,易错点1,through/across辨析,across与through都表示“穿过”，但across表示动作是在某个物体的表面进行的； through表示动作是在某一物体内部或空间里进行的。乘船过海或过河用across，表示通过门、窗户、森林等用through。例：He can swim across the river.他能游过这条河。They walked through the forest.他们走过了森林。,易错点2,in / to / on辨析,A,B,A,A,B,B,B is in the east of A.,B is to the east of A.,B is on the east of A.,例：Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东面。Henan is on the south of Hebei. 河南在河北的南方。,易错点2,in / to / on辨析,易错点3,容易混淆的方位介词短语,易错点3,容易混淆的方位介词短语,【典例1】 Two Chinese pandas, Tiantian and Yangguang, arrived _ England _ the afternoon of December 4th, 2011. A. in; on B. at; in C. at; on D. in; in,考查介词。句意：两只中国熊猫，天天和阳光于2011年12月4日下午抵达英国。英国为大地点选用in；具体某一天的下午选用时间介词on。,【典例2】The workers will build a new railroad _ the two cities. A. since B. between C. among D. during,考查介词。句意：工人将在两个城市间建一条新的铁路。根据句意“在之间”，两者之间选择between。,【典例3】China lies _the east of Asia and _the north of Australia. A. in; on B. in; to C. to ; in D. to; on,考查介词。句意：中国位于亚洲东部，东临大洋洲。根据句意，中国“在里”用in，中国与大洋洲隔海相望，选用to。,Unit6 Topic2 语法专项课件（there be句型2）,初中英语仁爱版七年级下册,there be句型的用法1,在there be句型中，there是引导词，本身没有实际意义，其主语是be动词之后的名词或名词短语。而且，充当主语的名词或名词短语之前常常由表示数量的限定词来修饰。如a, two, some, many, much, a lot of等。,there be句型的用法1,There is a bank on the street corner.街角有家银行。There are many trees and flowers in our school.我们学校有许多树和花。,there be句型的用法2,there be结构中表示地点、时间的状语一般放在句末，但有时也可放在句首，这样是为了强调状语，或是为了上下文的衔接。,there be句型的用法2,There are many shops close to the buildings.Close to the buildings there are many shops.,强调,易错点1,have/has与主语是 “所属关系”，强调的是 “拥有，占有” 。there be表示“存在关系”，强调某地“有”某物， （某地存在）,There be与have的区别,易错点1,I have many friends. 我有很多朋友。There is a book on the desk. 桌子上有一本书。,(拥有）,（某地存在）,易错点2,there be结构中的主语不能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。若表示限定的某人/物在某地时，常用“某人/物 + be + 地点 + 其他”结构。,易错点2,There is my shirt on the bed.My shirt is on the bed.,There is Toms football under the tree.Toms football is under the tree.,【典例1】There are _ kind men and women in our community. A. a lot of B. much C. little D. a little,考查there be句型和不定代词。句意：我们社区有很多好心的男士和女士。there be后kind men，women为可数名词复数，选择a lot of作为修饰语。,【典例2】There _ an eraser, two pencils and a knife in the box. A. are B. is C. have D. has,考查there be句型。句意：盒子里有一个橡皮，两支铅笔，一个小刀。“某地有某物”选用there be句型；根据“就近原则”，an eraser为单数，选择is。,Unit6 Topic3 语法专项课件（“通过”面面观）,初中英语仁爱版七年级下册,易错点,“通过”的常见表达,1）across是介词，强调从一定范围的一边到另一边，且在物体表面或沿着某一条线的方向而进行的动作。,My house is across the river.我家在河对岸。You can go across the bridge.你可以越过这座桥。,易错点,“通过”的常见表达,2）cross是动词，表示“穿过、越过、渡过”。,The boy is crossing the street.那个男孩正穿过街道。,易错点,“通过”的常见表达,3）across from在对面。,The school is across from the post office.学校在邮局对面。,易错点,“通过”的常见表达,4）crossing意为“十字路口”。,Go along this road, turn left at the second crossing, and youll find it.沿着这条路走，在第二个十字路口往左拐，你就会发现它。,易错点,“通过”的常见表达,5）past也是介词，指从某物旁边经过，意思是“走过，经过”。,He often walks past me without saying “Hello”.他经常不打招呼从我身边走过。,【典例1】 Look! A blind man is in the middle of the street. Its too dangerous. Lets help him go _ the street. A. cross B. through C. across D. along,考查介词。句意：看！一位盲人在马路中间。太危险了。让我们帮他过马路吧。cross是动词；through从内部穿过；along沿着；go across横穿。,【典例2】Before you _ the street, you must look both way. A. across B. cross C. crossing D. past,考查“通过”的用法。句意：过马路之前，你必须看看马路两边。across横穿；cross是动词，“穿过”；crossing十字路口；past通过。,Unit6 Topic3 语法专项课件（祈使句）,初中英语仁爱版七年级下册,祈使句的定义,祈使句用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告对方做某事或别做某事等。,Close the door, please. Be careful!Dont be late for school again!,祈使句的常见结构,1) “Be + 形容词”型肯定式：Be + 形容词否定式：Dont be + 形容词,Be quiet, please.Dont be late next time.,祈使句的常见结构,2) “行为动词开头”型肯定式：动词原形+其他否定式：Dont + 动词原形+其他,Come here, please.Dont stand up.,祈使句的常见结构,3) Let型肯定式：Let + 人称代词宾格 +动词原形否定式：Let + 人称代词宾格 + not + 动词原形 Dont + let + 人称代词宾格 +动词原形,Lets go!Lets not say anything about it.Dont let them make any noise.,祈使句的常见结构,4) “No + 名词或动名词”型意义：表示“禁止”，含否定含义，经常用于公共场合。,No photos.No smoking.,易错点1,“Do祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do没有实际意义，起强调作用。,Do be careful when you cross the road. Do tell the truth!,“Do祈使句”表强调,Do表强调,易错点2,祈使句中连接词的用法,and用在祈使句后，前后表示顺承，意为“那么”。,or用在祈使句后，前后表示转折，意为“否则”。,Work harder, and you will be better.,Hurry up, or well be late.,易错点3,祈使句的答语,Please turn off the light when you go out.Ok, I will.Dont be late any more.Sorry, I wont.,由于祈使句所表达的动作都还是未发生的，因此对它的应答通常要用“一般将来时”。,易错点3,祈使句的答语,Lets chat on the Internet.Good idea.,以let开头的句式的肯定回答多用Good idea! 否定回答用Sorry,【典例1】What are the rules at your school? Dont run in the hallways and _ arrive late for class. A. not to B. wont C. dont D. no,考查祈使句。句意：你们学校有什么校规？不要再走廊里乱跑，不要上课迟到。祈使句的否定形式为Dont+动词原形+其他，故选C。,【典例2】_wake up your sister, Ben. She needs a good sleep. A. Dont B. Doesnt C. Arent D. Cant,考查祈使句。句意：不要吵醒你妹妹，本。她需要一个好觉。祈使句的否定形式为Dont+动词原形+其他，故选A。,【典例3】Dont forget to give my best wishes to your uncle. _. A. No, I dont B. No, I wont C. Yes, I do D. Yes, I would,考查祈使句。句意：不要忘记把我最好的祝福送给你的叔叔。是，我不会的。祈使句的回答应根据实际情况来定，且使用一般将来时。,Unit7 Topic1 语法专项课件（Be动词的一般过去时）,初中英语仁爱版七年级下册,一般过去时的常见用法,表过去发生的动作。,表过去存在的状态。,He was very short when he was ten.,Tom broke the window yesterday.,Be动词一般过去时四巧,一是时间状语巧，表示过去的短语要记牢；二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；否定句结构是三巧，not紧跟waswere；四是疑问句式巧， waswere向前跑(提前)。,记忆口诀,Be动词一般过去时四巧,时间状语巧：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。例如：yesterday, last night/week/ month/year, last Saturday, the day before yesterday, in 1998, fiveyearsago等。,第一巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,形式巧：它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。I was in the classroom yesterday morning. 昨天早上我在教室里。,第二巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,否定句结构巧：与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasnt, werent。即：主语 wasnt werent 表语 其他。,第三巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,I was not (wasnt) here yesterday. 昨天我不在这儿。My parents were not (werent) at home last Sunday. 上周日我父母不在家。,第三巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,疑问句式巧：把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：Was(Were) 主语 表语 其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句式相似。,第四巧,Be动词一般过去时四巧,Were you at home the day before yesterday？ 前天你在家吗？Was she late this morning？ 今天早上她迟到了吗？,Be动词一般过去时四巧,更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语waswere.”；否定回答用“No, 主语wasntwerent.”。Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now？ 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？Yes, they were (No, they werent) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）,易错点,was not缩写为wasnt, were not缩写为werent。,Linda wasnt in the classroom at that time.琳达那个时候没在教室。My family werent in China when I was five.我五岁时还没搬到中国。,【典例1】 your parents at home last week？ A. Is B. WasC. Are D. Were,考查时态中be动词的运用。句意：上周你爸妈在家吗？last week是一般过去时，应选用be动词的过去时，my parents是复数，故答案选D。,【典例2】 Who was on duty last Friday？ A I am B I was C Yes, I wasD No, I wasnt,考查时态中be动词的运用。句意：上周五谁值日？我。问句为特殊疑问句，不能用Yes/No来回答；问句为一般过去时，答语也要用be动词的过去式。,Unit7 Topic1 语法专项课件（基数词和序数词）,初中英语仁爱版七年级下册,数词的分类,数词,基数词,序数词,数量,顺序,基数词定义及拼写,表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下：1）112, 独立成词。one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve,基数词定义及拼写,2）13-19, 由39 + teen构成。14fourteen 16-sixteen 17-seventeen 19nineteen 特殊拼写: 13 thirteen 15-fifteen 18eighteen 3）2090, 以-ty结尾。20twenty 30-thirty 40forty 50fifty 80-eighty 60-sixty 70-seventy 90ninety,基数词定义及拼写,4）2199， 两位数，十位与个位之间有 “”。twenty-one 55 fifty-five 99 ninety-nine5）101999，三位数，百位与十位/个位之间加and。101 one hundred and one840 eight hundred and forty693 six hundred and ninety-three,基数词定义及拼写,6) 1, 000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“，”分开,分别读为thousand , million, billion,29,431,500,7,6,thousand,hundred,million,billion,and,序数词定义及结构,表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下：1) 13, first, second, third。2) 419, 相应基数词+th, 特殊拼写:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。,序数词定义及结构,3) 2090, y变成ie +th,如twentieth。4) 2199, 只把个位的基数词变成序数词 如twenty-first。5) 序数词缩写 数字最后两字母 如1st, 2nd, 3rd ,4th,序数词构成规律,基变序,有规律,一、二、三，特殊记，面目全非要注意，加th从4起，八少“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，(five, twelve)见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，(twenty, thirty,ninety)若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。序数词缩写记清楚,数字后跟两字母。,易错点1,表示具体数目,hundred, thousand, million不用复数。表示不确定数目,用复数。即hundreds of(数百),thousands of(数千), millions of(数百万)+ 名词复数,可以用many/several修饰，但不能与具体数目连用。,特殊基数词的用法,易错点1,1) Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.2) There are three thousand students in our school.3) After the war, thousands of people became homeless.4) Several / Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.,特殊基数词的用法,易错点2,1.“基数词+名词” 的合成形