学术英语(医学) Unit1.ppt

学术英语(医学)_Unit-1,学术英语(医学)_Unit-1,Contents,ReadingViewingSpeakingWritingGet ready for Unit 2,ContentsReading,Reading,Lead-inMain ideaLanguage focus Tasks,Text A,ReadingLead-inText A,Brainstorm a list of words and expressions related to a doctors life and practice. overload _ _ _ _ _,Lead-in,Brainstorm a list of words and,Additional activity 1,What are the causes for complaints of doctors being impatient and careless? What kind of life does a doctor lead? How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine?,Lead-in,Discuss the following topics related to Text A.,Additional activity 1 What are,What do they mean for a doctor? a decent careera noble jobrespectableknowledgeableunder great pressureunderpaidmistrusteddangerous,Lead-in,Additional activity 2,What do they mean for a doc,Interpretation of the title:neuron overloadjuggling physician,Title,Interpretation of the titl,What factors may lead to the complaint that doctors do not listen?,Neuron overloadPatients high expectationsMistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and physician,Para. 1 Main idea,Presentation 1,What factors may lead to the c,Para. 1Language focus,_ overload（神经过载） that one stray request from a patient even one that is quite relevant might send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.如果病人冷不丁提个要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团，就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然间崩塌了一样。,neuron / neuronal,Para. 1_ overloa, that one stray request from a patient even one that is quite relevant might send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.What is the function of the dashes in the sentence?Parenthetical statements: inserting additional information without creating a separate sentence and are often demonstrated by parentheses and dashes. (Task 2 Signpost language),Para. 1Language focus, that one stray request from,Describe Mrs. Osorios condition.,A 56-year-old womanSomewhat overweightReasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertensionCholesterol on the high side without any medications for itNot enough exercise as much as she shouldHer bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan,Paras. 2-3Main idea,Presentation 2,Describe Mrs. Osorios conditi,hypertensionhyper-abnormally increased, excessive（超出，过度的）“三高”HypertensionHyperlipidemiaHyperglycemia“四高”Hyperuricemia,Para. 2Language focus,hypertensionPara. 2,typical office _（典型的诊所就诊）DEXA _（双能X线吸收扫描）medical _（行医）,visit,scan,practice,Para. 2Language focus,typical office _（典型的诊所就诊）vi,stressful lifekeep her appointments not excessively complicated,Para. 2Language focus,stressful lifePara. 2,in my practice lower densityblood testsgenerally healthyan average patient,Para. 2Subject knowledge,in my practice in a medical,What are the good and bad things about Mrs. Osorios condition that run through the authors mind?,Good things:Blood tests doneGlucose a little better,Para. 3Main idea,Bad things:Cholesterol not great: starting a statin?Liver enzymes normal?Diabetes: morning sugar? Consultation with the nutritionist, the eye doctor and the podiatrist? Her bones a little thin on the DEXA,Presentation 3,What are the good and bad thin,health _（健康保持） Im piling yet another pill onto her 我现在又要给她加一种药丸,maintenance,Para. 3Language focus,maintenancePara. 3,20-min consultationglucosestarting a statinliver enzymes normalmorning sugars compare to her evening sugarsthe nutritionist the podiatrist,Para. 3Subject knowledge,20-min consultationPara. 3,start a bisphosphonateprevent osteoporosishealth maintenanceher last mammogramPAP smearcolonoscopya tetanus booster qualify for a pneumonia vaccine,Para. 3Subject knowledge,start a bisphosphonatePara. 3,Describe the situation when Mrs. Osorio might send the authors “delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.”,The author was in moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorios conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions.Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent and completely justified request”: the form signed by her doctor.The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patients while completing documentation.,Para. 4Main idea,Presentation 4,Describe the situation when Mr, shes caught one of my neurons in mid-fire. 她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止。My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay. 我的本能反应是举手，阻止她打断我的思路。 and need to resolve them all before the clock runs down 在规定就诊时间用完之前需要解决这些问题,Para. 4Language focus, shes caught one of my neuro,but the fact is that shes caught one of my neurons in mid-fire (the one thats thinking about her blood sugar, which is segueing into the neuron thats preparing the diet-and-exercise discussion, which is intersecting with the one thats debating about initiating a statin).An innocent and completely justified request, but What is the function of the parentheses / dashes in the sentence?Parenthetical statements: inserting additional information without creating a separate sentence and are often demonstrated by parentheses and dashes. (Task 2 Signpost language),Para. 4Language focus,but the fact is that shes cau,_ report（乳房X线检查报告）refill a(n) _ （根据处方再配药）_ examination（体检）,mammogram,prescription,physical,Paras. 4-5Language focus,_ report（乳房X线检查报告）m,the diet-and-exercise discussionnot making eye contact with Mrs. Osorio communication skillsget her lab resultscheck her mammogram reportdocument the progress of her illnessesorder the testsrefill her prescriptions,Paras. 4-5Subject knowledge,the diet-and-exercise discussi,her insurance company lose my coveragedo her physical examinationher back painanything more than routine muscle strainplace into accurate and thorough documentationinteract with my patient,Paras. 4-5Subject knowledge,her insurance company insur,Compare multitasking in human beings and computers.,Similarities: In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings cannot actually concentrate on two thoughts at exactly the same time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computer and human beings.,Para. 7Main idea,Presentation 5-1,Compare multitasking in human,Differences: The concept of multitasking originated in computer science. At best, human being can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computer can do much better. The more thoughts human juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computer can do much better.,Compare multitasking in human beings and computers.,Para. 7Main idea,Presentation 5-2,Differences: Compare multitask,The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought.the more , the more / less 句型为“the +比较级，the +比较级”结构，常表示“越，就越”，The higher up, the heavier the fall.The more, the better.We merely zip back and forth between them, generally losing accuracy in the process.我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换，通常情况下，在转换的过程中丢失了精准。,Para. 7Language focus,The more thoughts we juggle, t,to debunk the myth of multitaskingthe concept of multitaskingthe idea of a microprocessor doing two jobs at one timeconcentrate on two thoughts at the same exact timejuggle only a handful of thoughts,Para. 7Language focus,to debunk the myth of multitas,Use numbers to justify that it is the juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.,7 medical issues to consider5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue 7 X 5 = 35 thoughts10 patients that afternoon35 X 10 = 350 thoughts5 residents under the authors supervision4 patients seen by each resident10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient5 X 4 X 10 = 200 thoughts350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves 11 thoughts that might get lost in the process.,Para. 8Main idea,Presentation 6,Use numbers to justify that it,erpetual _（永久的恐慌）Any one of those lost thoughts could translate into a disastrous outcome, not to mention a possible lawsuit.,panic,Para. 8Language focus,erpetual _（永久的恐慌）panicPar,Para. 8Language focus,in a working daya disastrous outcomeThis is what keeps us awake at night.,Para. 8in a working day,medical issues to considersupervise five residentsa possible lawsuitMost doctors are reasonably competent, caring individuals, but the overwhelming swirl of thoughts that we must keep track of leaves many of us in a perpetual panic that something serious might slip.,Para. 8Subject knowledge,medical issues to considerPara,What are the proposed solutions to the doctors juggling mind?,computer-generated reminderscase managersancillary servicesthe simplest solution: time,Paras. 9-10Main idea,Presentation 7,What are the proposed solution,My choices seem to boil down to entertaining fewer thoughts, accepting decreased accuracy for each thought, giving up on thorough documentation, or having a constant headache from neuronal overload.boil down to: 归结为It boils down to a question of ethics. 它可归结成一个伦理学问题。,Paras. 9-10Language focus,My choices seem to boil down t,It has the luxury of being able to crash, and of a reassuring, omniscient hand to press the reboot button. Physicians are permitted no such extravagance. I pull out the bottle of paracetamol tablets from my desk drawer and set about disabling the childproof cap. Its about the only thing I truly have control over.,Paras. 9-10Language focus,It has the luxury of being abl,_ physician（执业医生）paracetamol _（扑热息痛药片）_ cap（防孩子打开的盖子）Mostly we rely on our clinical judgment to prioritize, accepting the trade-off that is inevitable with any compromise. present participle as adverbial,practicing,tablet,childproof,Paras. 9-10Language focus,_ physician（执业医生）pract,an hour for each patient a spectacular doctorsituation in China?the choices that practicing physicians face every day, with every patientrely on our clinical judgment to prioritizetransplant fielda dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nursemedical budgets,Paras. 9-10Subject knowledge,an hour for each patient a,Tasks,Introduction to the themeSome doctors falling prey to 1) _ _One of the causes lying in 2) _Patients unexpected requests disturbing the doctors juggling mind,patients complaints and criticism,neuron overload on the doctor side,Critical reading and thinking,Overview-1,patients,the sheer,TasksIntroduction to the theme,Elaboration on the theme using Mrs. Osorios visit as a typical exampleMrs. Osorio being an average patient of the authorThe authors detailed enquiry about and consideration of 3) _Interruption of the authors train of thought by 4) _,Mrs. Osorios condition,the unexpected trivial request from Mrs. Osorio,Critical reading and thinking,Tasks,Overview-2,Elaboration on the theme using,Conclusion about the problem faced by juggling physiciansMultitasking being 5) _6) _ being the simplest solution,an illusion,Enough time,Critical reading and thinking,Tasks,Overview-3,Conclusion about the problem f,Tasks,Language building-up,Medical terminology 1-1,TasksLanguage building-up Buil,Tasks,Language building-up,Medical terminology 1-2,TasksLanguage building-up Medi,Tasks,Language building-up,Medical terminology 1-3,TasksLanguage building-up Medi,Tasks,Language building-up,Medical terminology 1-4,TasksLanguage building-up Medi,colonoscopyhypertensionmammogramneuronnutritionistosteoporosispneumoniapodiatristrefillglucose,结肠镜检查（术）高血压乳房X线照片神经元；神经细胞营养学家骨质疏松（症）肺炎足病医生（根据出发）再配药葡萄糖,Tasks,Language building-up,Medical terminology 2,colonoscopy结肠镜检查（术）TasksLangua,Degree of formality should be determined bythe audiencethe expectations of the audiencethe writers purposes,Tasks,Language building-up,Formal English,Degree of formality should be,For example, the writer of Text A employs informal language when recording her juggling thoughts, and a noticeable shift from that of the rest of the article where formal style is consistently maintained. A juggling mind is vividly presented by informal and even ungrammatical use of language, such as “Maybe leave this until next time?”,Tasks,Language building-up,Formal English,For example, the writer of Tex,Differences between:,Formal English,Informal English,It is used in official, literary, academic writing, or formal social events.It is more commonly used in writing than in speech.Sentences are often long and complex.Contractions are avoided.,It is used in daily and personal conversations or letters to friends. It is more commonly used in everyday speech than in writing.Sentences are often short and simple.Contractions are common.,Tasks,Language building-up,Differences between:Formal Eng,Differences between:,Formal English,Informal English,The passive voice is often used, making it sound impersonal.Vocabulary derived from French and Latin is often used.Colloquial terms, slangs, and many phrasal verbs are avoided.,The active voice is often used.Vocabulary derived from Latin is rarely used.Colloquial terms, slangs, and many phrasal verbs are common.,Tasks,Language building-up,Differences between:Formal Eng,Differences between:,Formal English,Informal English,The researchers identified the important properties.Doctors have established a new method.This appeared to rectify the problem.,The researchers found out what the important things were.Doctors have come up with a new method.This seemed to fix the problem.,Tasks,Language building-up,Differences between:Formal Eng,Differences between:,Formal English,Informal English,His words demonstrate that Details of the report are to be found on page 26.An experiment was conducted / performed.,His words show that You can find out all about the report on page 26.They did an experiment.,Tasks,Language building-up,Differences between:Formal Eng,Good thing she did her blood tests. Glucose is a little better. Cholesterol isnt great. May need to think about starting a statin. Are her liver enzymes normal?Good signs include that she did her blood tests, and that her glucose level is slightly better. However, her cholesterol level isnt great, and I may need to consider prescribing a statin for her. Furthermore, I wondered if her liver enzymes are normal.,Tasks,Language building-up,Formal English: key to task -1,Good thing she did her blood t,But now Im piling yet another pill onto her, and one that requires detailed instructions. Maybe leave this until next time?But now Im piling yet another pill onto her, and the pill requires detailed instructions. “Maybe, should I leave this until next time?” I thought.,Tasks,Language building-up,Formal English: key to task -2,But now Im piling yet another,Health maintenance: when was her last mammogram? PAP smear?To my mind comes her health maintenance. I ask myself, “When did she receive her last mammogram and PAP smear?”,Tasks,Language building-up,Formal English: key to task -3,Health maintenance: when was h,Text B,Lead-inMain ideaLanguage focus Tasks,Reading,Text BLead-inReading,How nontrivial can trivial incidents be in ones life?The author David Sacketts experience,L