工程项目管理英文ppt课件.pptx

Basic ConceptsJiwei Ma,Project Management,Basic Concepts,Concept of projectProject as a systemWork Breakdown Structure (WBS)Project Management,What Is A Project?,Organize 2008 Olympic gameDevelop a software productWrite software programHire an accountantInterview applicants for the accountant positionPurchase a housePurchase gasoline for your carOrganize a conferenceSet up a weekly meeting,Concept of Project,Main features of a projectOne-time, non-repetitiveOne of the kindConstrained by resources and environmental conditionsCertain lifecycle,Concept of Project,Project is a one-time effort with clear objectives for the accomplishment of certain specific product or service,One-timeDefinite and clear starting/ending pointEffortNumber of personnel and various resources involvedObjectiveRequirement of certain quality standard with limited time and moneySpecificDifferent from all previous product or service,Concept of Project,Project objectivesQualityThe desired function or required standardCostThe monetary resource needed to accomplish the projectTimeThe specified length of the project course,Project Triangle,Scope,Cost,Quality,Time,Relations among Project Objectives,Reduce time - Improve cost-effectiveness,Reduce time - Increase cost,Higher quality Less time,Less time More quality defects,Improved quality Reduce maintenance cost,Increase investment Improve Quality,Cost,Time,Quality,Objective Triangle,Concept of Project,Project components the essential elements of a project which serve the main purpose or carry out the major designed functions of the projectSubprojectsFunctional subsystemsSingle objectsA hierarchical structure - Project structure - can be used as a tool to illustrate project components,Project Components Project Structure,Project,Subproject 1,Subproject 2,Subproject 3,Subproject ,Subsystem 22,Subsystem 21,Subsystem ,Object 221,Object 222,Object 223,Object ,Concept of Project,Project Process the major periods needed to go through to accomplish the projectDecision makingDesign/PlanningExecutionOperationCloseoutA network diagram or bar chart will be used to illustrate activities as well as their inter-relationship and inter-dependency,Construction Project Phasing,Design Preparation,Design,Construction,Operation,Closeout,Decision Making,Project Proposal,Feasibility Study,Design Specification,Preliminary Design,Design Development,Construction Document,Construction,Acceptance,Start up,Network Diagram,Concept of Project,Functional works the major functions needed to be performed to jointly or consecutively accomplish the project,Fund raisingAdministration/managementPlanningProcurementControllingCoordination/collaborationCommunication and information managementInspection and acceptanceOperationProject closeout,Concept of Project,Project Participants the personnel or the parties who perform various functional works,InvestorDeveloperPlannerPurchasing personnelControllerInspectorOperation personnelA chart called project organization structure is often used to illustrate project participants and their inter-relationship within a project system,Project Owner,Construction Project Participants,Project As a System,System definitionAny group of entities which are functionally interdependent can be called a systemAny group of entities which are interrelated so as to perform some function, or reach some goal, can be seen to be acting as a systemFocus of system theorySub-systemInterrelated in the pursuit of goals or objectivesPrimary task of the systemThe things the organization must to do to survive,Project As a System,Important ConceptsLarge system comprise smaller sub-systems which share the goals or primary task of larger systemSub-systems are independently work together towards the common goalSub-systems form a hierarchy of systemsSystem interacts with its environment, and affected by environmental constraints or influencesThe environment is not part of the system it does not share the goals of the system,Project As a System,Important ConceptsThe system receives inputs from and exports outputs to the environment through sort of internal conversion processA permeable boundary exists between the system and its environment“Boundary Management” is a key system conceptPart of the outputs is fed back to become an input and thus to establish a cycle of events which enable the system to monitor it own behavior,Construction System Model,Construction Production Management,Project As A System,Objectives,Altogether form the essential part of a project system,Any two or three of them will jointly describe certain aspect of a project,Components,Process,Functions,Participants,Project As A System,Objectives + ComponentsDescribe the project objective system, which includes the cost, time and quality objective of every single object in the projectProject objective can be break down based on the structure of project component,Project As A System,Objectives + ProcessDescribe the project objective milestones, which includes the cost, time and quality objective of every major phaseProject objective can be strictly controlled according to those periodical objectives,Project As A System,Objectives + ParticipantsDescribe the objectives of all participants from their own standing pointObjectives are planned, monitored and controlled according to participants own interest,Project As A System,Components + ParticipantsDescribe the assigned tasks of all participantsProject tasks can be divided, viewed, and evaluated accordinglyComponents + Process,Project As A System,Components + Functional worksDescribe all the tasks and activities need to be carried out to accomplish the projectCan be used as tool for work breakdown,Work Breakdown Structure,A complex project is made easy to deal with by first breaking it down into individual activities in a hierarchical structure, known as WBSIt defines tasks that can be completed independently of other tasks, facilitatingResource allocationAssignment of responsibilitiesMeasurement and control of the project,Work Breakdown Structure,Higher levels in the hierarchical structure are generally performed by groupsThe lowest level in the structure often comprises activities performed by individualsIt is the key toScope managementTeam assignmentAccurate trackingEffective control,Work Breakdown Structure,Work breakdown structure can be done like this:The project manager lists everything should be done in the projectThen the stakeholders put up their “to do” list with requirementsThen the project will have unneeded tasks, and scope will continually expandThen the project will run over time, over budget, and even with dissatisfied quality,x,Work Breakdown Structure,Work breakdown structure can be done like this:First break down into componentsThen break down into processThen The lowest level should not be too detailed,Result in micro-managementThe tasks should not be too largeResult in inefficient Management,Clear Objectives,Limited resources,High complexity,+,+,Panic !,Project Management !,What is Management?,Problem,Planning,Decision,Execution,Check,- Various alternative solutions- Evaluation of those alternatives,- Selection of one solution,- Implementation of the solution,- Accomplished?- Any problem remained?,New Problem,Project Management,Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort by all participants through the whole course of a project to accomplish the project on time, within cost and to required quality standard through project planning and project controlling.,PM = PP + PC,PlanActual,Mission of Project Management,To control the changing process in a dynamic environment,To pursue harmony in chaotic reality,Project Management,Key issues of project managementCost controlTime controlQuality controlCoordinationInformation managementContract administrationSafety management,Project Management Tasks,Project Management Tools,Project structureProject organization chartContract structureWork breakdown structureContract work breakdown structureCost breakdown chart,Information system chartInformation flow diagramTask arrangement tableManagement responsibility tableWorkflow diagram,Project Management Knowledge,Knowledge structure defined by PMI (Project Management Institute):Integrated ManagementScope ManagementTime ManagementCost ManagementQuality ManagementHuman Resource ManagementCommunication ManagementRisk ManagementProcurement Management,Project Management Knowledge,Knowledge structure defined by CII (Construction Industry Institute):Front-End PlanningDesignProcurementConstructionStartup and OperationPeopleOrganization,Project Management Knowledge,Knowledge structure defined by CII (Construction Industry Institute):Project ProcessesProject ControlsContractsSafety, Health and EnvironmentInformation Management and Technology SystemGlobalization IssuesSecurity,Project Management Is,not,Art,not,Knowledge,Practice !,Thank You,Jiwei M,