《虚拟现实与系统仿真》实验指导书22.docx

虚拟现实与系统仿真实验指导书20132实验一 基于MFC的基本OpenGL应用程序生成一：实验目的1. 熟悉VC+2005集成开发环境；2. 熟悉基本MFC应用程序的生成；3. 掌握基于MFC的基本OpenGL应用程序生成。二：实验内容1. 建立基于MFC的基本OpenGL应用程序；2. 配置应用程序，添加OpenGL链接库文件；3. 建立OpenGL的基本环境。三：实验背景知识OpenGL是一种图形显示软件工具包，它为图形硬件提供软件接口。OpenGL为计算机动画提供由图形生成图像帧的工具。MFC提供的图形用户界面程序设计技术可以编写人机交互程序，OpenGL技术可以进行各种图形绘制。四：实验步骤1. 文件->新建->项目 选择MFC应用程序 输入名称OpenGLPlat2. 右击项目名，选择属性，再选择链接器中的输入选项，附加依赖项:opengl32.lib; glu32.lib ;glaux.lib3选择类视图模式，右击View,再添加变量和头文件或直接在View头文件中添加变量：protected:HGLRC m_hRC;添加包含OpenGL头文件的语句：在COpenGLPlatView.cpp中添加代码#include <gl/gl.h>#include <gl/glu.h>#include <gl/glaux.h>4右击属性 消息按钮 选择WM_CREATE 添加在int COpenGLPlatView:OnCreate(LPCREATESTRUCT lpCreateStruct)函数中添加代码/添加新的代码开始CClientDC dc(this); PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR pfd; memset(&pfd,0,sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR); pfd.nSize=sizeof(PIXELFORMATDESCRIPTOR); pfd.nVersion=1; pfd.dwFlags=PFD_DRAW_TO_WINDOW| PFD_SUPPORT_OPENGL| PFD_DOUBLEBUFFER; pfd.iPixelType=PFD_TYPE_RGBA; pfd.cColorBits=24; pfd.cDepthBits=32; int pixelFormat=ChoosePixelFormat(dc.m_hDC,&pfd); SetPixelFormat(dc.m_hDC,pixelFormat,&pfd); m_hRC=wglCreateContext(dc.m_hDC);return 0;右击属性 消息按钮 选择WM_DESTROY 添加void COpenGLPlatView:OnDestroy()函数中添加代码 /添加新的代码开始wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL);wglDeleteContext(m_hRC);m_hRC=NULL;右击属性 消息按钮 选择WM_SIZE 添加void COpenGLPlatView:OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy) 函数中添加代码 /添加新的代码开始CClientDC dc(this);wglMakeCurrent(dc.m_hDC,m_hRC); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);glLoadIdentity();double d=10;double n=100;glOrtho(-cx/n,cx/n,-cy/n,cy/n,-d,d);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);glViewport(0,0,cx,cy);wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL);5.在OpenGLPlatView.cpp中OnDraw函数中添加以下代码：void CMy1View:OnDraw(CDC* pDC) / 把 ”/*pDC*/” 改成 pDCCOpenGLPlatDoc* pDoc = GetDocument();ASSERT_VALID(pDoc);if (!pDoc)return;/ TODO: 在此处为本机数据添加绘制代码wglMakeCurrent(pDC->m_hDC,m_hRC);glClearColor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f); glClearDepth(1.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_AUTO_NORMAL);glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);glLoadIdentity();glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);glRotated(60.0,1.0,1.0,1.0); /茶壶auxWireTeapot(3.0);SwapBuffers(pDC->m_hDC);wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL);五：实验结果 实验二OpenGL基本图形元素和模型变换一：实验目的1. 掌握二次曲面的绘制函数及其应用方法。2. 掌握基本实体模型的绘制函数及其应用方法。二：实验内容1. 学习二次曲面的绘制函数及其应用方法。2. 学习基本实体模型的绘制函数及其应用方法。三：实验背景知识OpenGL提供了二次曲面和基本实体模型的绘制函数及其应用方法。这些二次曲面和基本实体模型在OpenGL内部实现中实际上也是将它们离散分割成为大量的多边形，然后通过绘制多边形的方法实现对这些二次曲面和基本实体模型的绘制。四：实验程序 实验步骤14与上述实验1相同5在OpenGLPlatView.cpp中OnDraw函数中添加以下代码：wglMakeCurrent(pDC->m_hDC,m_hRC);glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); /二次曲面glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);GLUquadric* qd=gluNewQuadric();/创建二次曲面对象gluQuadricDrawStyle(qd,GLU_FILL);/设置二次曲面对象绘制模式GLU_LINE;GLU_SILHOUETTE;GLU_POINTglLoadIdentity();glRotated(-105.0,1.0,0.0,0.0);glTranslated(-6.0,0.0,-2.0);gluCylinder(qd,2.0,1.0,4.0,30,4);/（圆台，下底面半径，上底面半径，圆台高度，绕z轴分割瓣数，绕z轴方向层数）glLoadIdentity();glTranslated(-6.0,0.0,-2.0);gluDisk(qd,1.0,2.0,30,4);/平面圆盘（，内圆半径，外圆半径，扇形瓣数，环的个数）/.gluPartialDisk(qd,1.0,2.0,10,4,0,75);/拱状图形（，内圆半径，外圆半径，扇形瓣数，环的个数，起始角，图形张开的角度）/.gluSphere(qd,2.0,30,6);/球（，球的半径，分割的瓣数，分割的层次）auxSolidTetrahedron(4.0);/实体模型auxWireTeapot();auxSolidTeapot();/auxWireSphere(3.0);auxSolidSphere(3.0);/auxWireCube(4.0);auxSolidCube(4.0);/auxWireBox(3.0,4.0,5.0);auxSolidBox(3.0,4.0,5.0);/auxWireTorus(1.0,3.0);/圆环auxSolidTorus(1.0,3.0);/auxWireCylinder(2.0,4.0);auxSolidCylinder(2.0,4.0);/auxWireIcosahedron(4.0);auxSolidIcosahedron(4.0);/二十面体 /auxWireOctahedron(4.0);auxSolidOctahedron(4.0);/八面体 /auxWireTetrahedron(4.0);auxSolidTetrahedron(4.0);/四面体 /auxWireDodecahedron(4.0);auxSolidDodecahedron(4.0);/十二面体 /auxWireCone(2.0,4.0);auxSolidCone(2.0,4.0);/圆锥体 SwapBuffers(pDC->m_hDC); /双缓冲wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL); 实验三 光照与材质一：实验目的：1. 掌握利用OpenGL编写绘制具有真实感效果的图形方法。2. 掌握添加光源和设置颜色材料属性的方法。二：实验内容：1. 掌握添加光源的实现方法。2. 掌握设置颜色和材料属性的方法。三：实验要求通过本实验，掌握添加光源和设置颜色材料属性的方法，利用OpenGL编写绘制具有真实感效果的图形。四：实验程序实验步骤14与上述实验1相同5在OpenGLPlatView.cpp中OnDraw函数中添加以下代码：wglMakeCurrent(pDC->m_hDC,m_hRC);glClearColor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);glClearDepth(1.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0);glEnable(GL_AUTO_NORMAL);glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glDepthFunc(GL_LESS);/设置模型变换矩阵glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);glLoadIdentity(); /设置光源参数GLfloat light_position=1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f;GLfloat light_ambient=0.2f,0.2f,0.2f,0.2f;GLfloat light_diffuse=0.5f,0.5f,0.2f,0.2f;GLfloat light_specular=0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,0.2f;glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_position);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,light_specular);/设置材质参数GLfloat material_ambient=0.2f,0.2f,0.2f,0.2f;GLfloat material_diffuse=0.2f,0.8f,0.4f,0.8f;GLfloat material_specular=0.2f,0.8f,0.4f,0.8f;GLfloat material_emission=0.2f,0.2f,0.2f,1.0f;GLfloat material_shiness=10.0f; glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_AMBIENT,material_ambient);/FRONT_AND_BACKglMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,material_diffuse);glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_SPECULAR,material_specular);glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_EMISSION,material_emission);glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_SHININESS,material_shiness);glColor3f(1.0f,0.0f,0.0f);/红色glRotated(60.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);auxSolidTeapot(2.0);SwapBuffers(pDC->m_hDC); /双缓冲wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL); 实验结果：实验四 纹理映射一：实验目的1. 掌握二维纹理映射方法。2. 掌握利用OpenGL编写绘制具有真实感效果的图形方法。二：实验内容掌握二维纹理映射方法。三：实验要求通过本实验，掌握掌握二维纹理映射方法。四：实验程序实验步骤14与上述实验1相同5在OpenGLPlatView.cpp中OnDraw函数中添加以下代码：wglMakeCurrent(pDC->m_hDC,m_hRC);glClearColor(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,1.0f);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glEnable(GL_COLOR_MATERIAL);glEnable(GL_LIGHTING);glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); glEnable(GL_AUTO_NORMAL);glEnable(GL_NORMALIZE);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);glLoadIdentity(); /设置光源参数GLfloat light_position=1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.0f;GLfloat light_ambient=0.2f,0.2f,0.2f,0.2f;GLfloat light_diffuse=0.5f,0.5f,0.2f,0.2f;GLfloat light_specular=0.5f,0.5f,0.5f,0.2f;glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_POSITION,light_position);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_AMBIENT,light_ambient);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_DIFFUSE,light_diffuse);glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0,GL_SPECULAR,light_specular);/设置材质参数GLfloat material_ambient=0.2f,0.2f,0.2f,0.2f;GLfloat material_diffuse=0.2f,0.8f,0.4f,0.8f;GLfloat material_specular=0.2f,0.8f,0.4f,0.8f;GLfloat material_emission=0.2f,0.2f,0.2f,1.0f;GLfloat material_shiness=10.0f; glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_AMBIENT,material_ambient);/FRONT_AND_BACKglMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_DIFFUSE,material_diffuse);glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_SPECULAR,material_specular);glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_EMISSION,material_emission);glMaterialfv(GL_BACK,GL_SHININESS,material_shiness);glRotated(80.0,1.0,1.0,1.0);AUX_RGBImageRec *picture=auxDIBImageLoad(_T("C:tsIcon.bmp");/(此处图片路径为C盘根目录下)if(picture!=NULL)glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1);glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D,/二维纹理 0,/纹理层次 3,/颜色分量个数 picture->sizeX,/纹理宽度 picture->sizeY,/纹理高度 0,/纹理边框宽度（或） GL_RGB,/像素数据格式 GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,/像素数据类型 picture->data);/存储图象数据glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S,GL_REPEAT);/循环glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T,GL_REPEAT);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST);glTexEnvi(GL_TEXTURE_ENV,GL_TEXTURE_ENV_MODE,GL_MODULATE);/GL_DECAL,GL_glBegin(GL_QUADS);glColor3f(0.0,1.0,0.0);glTexCoord2d(-2.0,-2.0);glVertex3d(-2.5,-2.5,3);glTexCoord2d(-2.0,2.0);glVertex3d(2.5,-2.5,3);glTexCoord2d(2.0,2.0);glVertex3d(2.5,2.5,3);glTexCoord2d(2.0,-2.0);glVertex3d(-2.5,2.5,3);glColor3f(1.0,1.0,0.0);glTexCoord2d(0.0,0.0);glVertex3d(-2.5,2.5,0);glTexCoord2d(0.0,1.0);glVertex3d(2.5,2.5,0);glTexCoord2d(1.0,1.0);glVertex3d(2.5,2.5,3);glTexCoord2d(1.0,0.0);glVertex3d(-2.5,2.5,3);glColor3f(1.0,0.0,1.0);glTexCoord2d(0.4,0.4);glVertex3d(-2.5,-2.5,0);glTexCoord2d(0.4,0.6);glVertex3d(-2.5,-2.5,3);glTexCoord2d(0.6,0.6);glVertex3d(-2.5,2.5,3);glTexCoord2d(0.4,0.4);glVertex3d(-2.5,2.5,0);glEnd();SwapBuffers(pDC->m_hDC); /双缓冲wglMakeCurrent(NULL,NULL); 实验五 基于OpenGL的动画编程一：实验目的1. 掌握VC中的文档视图架构。2. 掌握利用OpenGL编写动画效果的方法。二：实验内容掌握VC中的文档视图架构及动画程序编写。三：实验要求通过本实验，掌握利用OpenGL编写动画效果的方法。四：实验程序实验步骤14与上述实验1相同5.添加Star类在Star.h中添加以下代码#pragma once#include <gl/GL.h>#include <gl/GLU.h>#include <gl/GLAux.h>class Starpublic: Star(void); int m_n; int m_sign;/变形符：增加，-1：减少 double m_radiusCenter; double m_radiusMiddle; double m_radiusCorner; GLfloat m_redCenter,m_greenCenter,m_blueCenter; GLfloat m_redMiddle,m_greenMiddle,m_blueMiddle; GLfloat m_redCorner,m_greenCorner,m_blueCorner; GLdouble m_angle;/旋转角度 GLdouble m_point263;/每个顶点坐标值 GLfloat m_color263;/每个顶点颜色值 void mb_adjustGLfloat(GLfloat& f,GLfloat min,GLfloat max); void mb_calculatePoint(void);/计算顶点坐标值 void mb_draw(void);/绘制图形 void mb_nextFrame(void);/计算下一帧public: Star(void); 在Star.cpp中添加以下代码： #include "StdAfx.h"#include "Star.h"/ 构造函数：初始化各个成员变量Star:Star(void) m_radiusCenter=2.0; / 中心球半径 m_radiusMiddle=2.828; / 中间球半径，这里2×sqrt(2)2.828 m_radiusCorner=3.464; / 角上球半径，这里2×sqrt(3)3.464 m_redCenter=1.0f; / 中心球点颜色 m_greenCenter=0.0f; m_blueCenter=1.0f; m_redMiddle=0.0f; / 中间球点颜色 m_greenMiddle=1.0f; m_blueMiddle=0.0f; m_redCorner=0.0f; / 角上球点颜色 m_greenCorner=0.0f; m_blueCorner=1.0f; m_angle=45.0; / 旋转角度 mb_calculatePoint( ); m_n=0; / 变形计数器 m_sign=1; / 变形符号: 1: 增加; -1: 减小 / 构造函数Star结束/ 析构函数Star:Star(void) / 析构函数Star结束/ 值调整函数：强制使得参数f的值位于区间min, max内void Star:mb_adjustGLfloat(GLfloat& f, GLfloat min, GLfloat max) if (f<min) f=min; if (f>max) f=max; / 函数mb_adjustGLfloat结束/ 计算顶点的坐标值和颜色值void Star:mb_calculatePoint(void) int i, j; int id1 =0, 2, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7; int id2 =9, 11, 14, 16, 10, 12, 13, 15; int sign1 =-1, 1, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0; int sign2 = 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 0, 0, -1; for (i=0, j=4; i<4; i+, j+) / 下面0.577是“sqrt(3)/3”的近似值 m_pointid1i0=0.577*m_radiusCorner*sign1i; m_pointid1i1=0.577*m_radiusCorner*sign2i; m_pointid1i2=0.577*m_radiusCorner; m_colorid1i0=m_redCorner; m_colorid1i1=m_greenCorner; m_colorid1i2=m_blueCorner; / 下面0.707是“sqrt(2)/2”的近似值 m_pointid1j0=0.707*m_radiusMiddle*sign1j; m_pointid1j1=0.707*m_radiusMiddle*sign2j; m_pointid1j2=0.707*m_radiusMiddle; m_colorid1j0=m_redMiddle; m_colorid1j1=m_greenMiddle; m_colorid1j2=m_blueMiddle; / for循环结束 m_point40=0.0; m_point41=0.0; m_point42=m_radiusCenter; m_color40=m_redCenter; m_color41=m_greenCenter; m_color42=m_blueCenter; for (i=9; i<17; i+) m_pointi2=0.0; for (i=0, j=4; i<4; i+, j+) / 下面0.707是“sqrt(2)/2”的近似值 m_pointid2i0=0.707*m_radiusMiddle*sign1i; m_pointid2i1=0.707*m_radiusMiddle*sign2i; m_colorid2i0=m_redMiddle; m_colorid2i1=m_greenMiddle; m_colorid2i2=m_blueMiddle; m_pointid2j0=m_radiusCenter*sign1j; m_pointid2j1=m_radiusCenter*sign2j; m_colorid2j0=m_redCenter; m_colorid2j1=m_greenCenter; m_colorid2j2=m_blueCenter; / for循环结束 for (i=0, j=17; i<9; i+, j+) m_pointj0=m_pointi0; m_pointj1=m_pointi1; m_pointj2=-m_pointi2; m_colorj0=m_colori0; m_colorj1=m_colori1; m_colorj2=m_colori2; / for循环结束 / 函数mb_calculatePoint结束/ 绘制图形void Star:mb_draw(void) int i, j, k, m; int id38= 0, 0, 1, 4, 3, 6, 4, 8, / 上表面三角形映射关系 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 5, 4, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 4 ; int face49= 0, 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, / 侧面与表面的顶点映射关系 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 17, 20, 23, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 25, 8, 5, 2, 16, 13, 11, 25, 22, 19 ; glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES); for (i=0; i<8; i+) / 上表面 for (j=0; j<3; j+) m=idji; glColor3f (m_colorm0, m_colorm1, m_colorm2); glVertex3d(m_pointm0, m_pointm1, m_pointm2); / for循环结束 for (k=0; k<4; k+) / 四个侧面 for (i=0; i<8; i+) for (j=0; j<3; j+) m=facekidji; glColor3f (m_colorm0, m_colorm1, m_colorm2); glVertex3d(m_pointm0, m_pointm1, m_pointm2); / for循环结束 for (i=0; i<8; i+) / 下表面 for (j=0; j<3; j+) m=idji+17; glColor3f (m_colorm0, m_colorm1, m_colorm2); glVertex3d(m_pointm0, m_pointm1, m_pointm2); / for循环结束 glEnd( ); / 函数mb_draw结束/ 计算下一帧旋转角度以及顶点的坐标值和颜色值void Star:mb_nextFrame(void) int nMax=100; double d=1.0/nMax; m_n+=m_sign; if (m_n>nMax) m_sign=-1; if (m_n<0) m_sign=1; m_radiusCenter+=(d*m_sign*1.0); m_radiusMiddle-=(d*m_sign*2.0); m_radiusCorner+=(d*m_sign*3.0); GLfloat df=1.0f/nMax; m_redCenter-=(df*m_sign); / 中心球点颜色 mb_adjustGLfloat(m_redCenter, 0.0f, 1.0f); m_b