名词的种类和名词的数ppt课件.pptx
,Hello, Xiao Mao, how are you today? Im your grammar teacher, Miss Zhu. You can also call me Annie. I am really excited to meet you here (on the Internet).,We should say hello to someone we meet.,Hello, Xiao Mao, how are you today? Im your grammar teacher, Miss Zhu. You can also call me Annie. I am really excited to meet you here (on the Internet).,一名词的分类：,名 词:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词,Nanshan Zhong & coronavirus,The Yangtze River,Womens Day,name Mary CCTV jam Chinese pencil train Grand TheatreOctober baby people children Park hotel the Yangtze River,总结：专有名词表示人名、地名、称谓、机构、语言、国家、星期、月份、节日名称等，多为独一无二的事物。一般不加冠词，第一个字母必须大写。,区分下列普通名词和专有名词,名 词:,可以用数目来计算的名词叫可数名词。可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式(少数名词两种形式是相同的)。,可数名词：,不可数名词：,一般无法用数目来计算的名词叫不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式,并且不能用不定冠词a(an)或数词one修饰。物质/抽象/专有名词,名词或名词词组在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语（即除“谓语”以外的句子成分）。,名词的句法功能,The money （主语）in itself meant nothing to him. 金钱本身对他毫无意义。Keep the medicine（宾语）out of the childrens reach（介词宾语）. 把药放在小孩够不到的地方。She is a famous doctor.（表语） 她是个名医。My brother is a middle school（定语）student. 我的弟弟是个中学生。Wait a minute（状语）please.请稍候。ChangSha, the capital（同位语）of Hunan province is in the middle of China. 湖南省省会长沙在华中,直接加s的名词,bags, hands, fingers, books, eyes, noses, rulers, mouths, zippers, buttons,你还知道名词变复数的变化方式吗？,名词复数的规则变化,(1)一般在词尾加s map-maps bag-bags girl-girls day-days (2)以s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词后加es class-classes box-boxes watch-watches dish-dishes 注：当ch读 k 时，其复数应加s, 如stomach-stomachs (3)辅音字母+ y结尾的名词，变y为i加es baby-babiesfamily-familiesparty-parties story-stories,注1：元音字母(就是a,e,i,o,u)+y的名词，直接加s play-playsway-ways valley-valleys 山谷 key -keystoy- toys boy- boys guy- guys 注2：以y结尾的专有名词，直接加s. 如：Mary- Marys (4)以f或fe结尾的词，变f或fe为v再加es. thief-thieves knife-knives wife-wives self-selves self, life, thief, wife, knife, leaf, shelf , wolf, half，loaf . 记忆口诀：妻子持刀去砍狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架下保己命，半片树叶遮面包。,注：以下以f或fe结尾的，直接加sroof-roofs 屋顶 chief-chiefs 首领 belief-beliefs 信念 proof-proofs 证明 safe-safes 保险箱 cliff-cliffs 悬崖(5) 以辅音字母+O结尾的有生命的加es hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes negro- negroes 一句话帮我记：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿 无生命的加s PianoPianos photo-photos kilo-kilos（6）元音字母+O结尾的名词加szoo-zoos radio -radios kangaroo-kangaroos袋鼠,( )1.There is _on the table.plate B. a plate C. plates ( )2.John likes to eat _. A. tomato B. tomatos C. tomatoes ( )3. Is this your_? A. a key B. keys C. key ( )4.These new _ are for you. A. skirt B. shoe C. shirts ( )5.The clock has three_ A. legs B. legC. faces ( )6.They are not in the same_. A. class B. classes C. familys,名词复数的不规则变化,1)变元音字母或别的形式 man-men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth goose- geese mouse-mice ox-oxen child-children（词尾变化）,2)单复数同形 fish ，deer，sheep，means（方式）, Chinese， Japanese, works（工厂）,crossroads (十字路口),3)有些名词形式上虽是单数，意义上却是复数（集体名词）,cattle 牛（总称） people 人民 police 警察 public 公众,有些名词及一些学科名词形式上是复数，意义上却是单数news 消息 politics 政治 physics 物理,scissors,stairs,glasses,jeans,shorts,clothes,4)有些名词经常以复数形式出现,scissors 剪刀 stairs 楼梯 trousers 裤子 （正式） glasses 眼镜pants 裤子 sunglassesshorts 短裤 clothes 衣服jeans 牛仔裤,Congratulations ！祝贺Contents 目录,主体词的复合名词将主体词变为复数passers-by 过路人 daughters-in-law 儿媳妇apple trees苹果树 boy students男学生taxi drivers出租车司机没有主体词的，在词尾加S(了解即可)grown-ups 成年人good-for-nothings 饭桶,没用的人由man和woman构成的复合名词，两部分都要变复数。 man teacher-men teachers woman doctor-women doctors,6) 复合名词的复数形式,7）根据含义判断是否可数That was a heavy rain.一场大雨。We bought a lot of fruit from the market. 我们从市场上买了好多水果。China has some good fruits.多种水果She has a few white hairs.几根白发His black hair is going white. 他的黑发变白了。,( )7.The_on the hills are all white.sheepB. sheepsC. dog( )8.There are so many _in the hall.peoplesB. peopleC. a people( )9.The_are dancing at the party.womanB. womenC. man( )10.Whos that_? Shes my mother.manB. womanC. women( )11.The_are catching the thief.A. policemanB. policemen C. policemans,不可数名词不可数名词不能用数字计算包括物质名词( air, water等)及抽象名词(advice, hate)等。所以它通常只有单数形式。如：English, air, water, cotton, work不可数名词表示数量时，可以用量词来表达(量词有复数形式)其结构是：数词+量词+of+名词。如：a bottle of water, two cups of tea, three pieces of paper，several bottles of orange juice,注意事项：1不可数名词没有复数变化，不能用a，an，但可用the，或不用冠词，如：bread is the usual breakfast.2不可数名词的表示方法：some, much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, a bit of, plenty of可以修饰不可数名词，表示一些，少量，大量等等用单位词a/数词of来表示如：three cups of coffee, five bottles of water，a box of balls，a piece of news一则新闻，two bars of soap两块香皂3有量词修饰时注意名词是否可数，不可数时用单数，可数时用复数。如：ten bags of rice十袋米，ten baskets of eggs十篮鸡蛋，five packets of sweets五包糖果,There _ two tins of pork in the refrigerator .(be动词),例句：Three loaves of bread are enough for her breakfast.,Lots of rice _ in the bag.(be动词),名词的所有格,名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加-s构成（多表示有生命的东西），二是由介词of加名词构成（多表示无生命的东西）。,eg：Jims room is bigger. （Jims为所有格） The gate of the school is beautiful. (of the school为所有格),(1)表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加“-s”，其构成形式如下：,一般名词后加“ -s ”。,eg：This is our teachers room.,以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词右上方加“ - ”。,eg：This is the teachers readingroom. 教师阅览室, 不以-s结尾的复数名词，则“ -s ”。,eg：Today is childrens Day.,Its next to the Peoples Cinema.,以-s结尾的单数名词，仍加“ -s ”构成所有格。,eg：Basss words had a soothing effect.贝斯的话有安慰作用,We dont believe the bosss promise.,以-s结尾的专有名词所有格，若以读音z结尾，一般可 在名词右上方加“ ”，也可加“ -s ”，其读音分别为z、iz。,eg：This is Dickens Dickenss book.,This is Mr. Joness Mr. Jones car.,如果一样东西为两个人共有，只在后一个名词加“ -s ”；如果东西是各自的，两个名词后都要加“ -s ”。,eg：Lily and Marys room.(共有),Lilys and Marys books.(各有各的) =Lilys book and Marys book.,在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。,eg: at the doctors,to my uncles,在诊所,到我叔叔家,at the barbers,在理发店,at Mr. Greens,在格林先生家,eg：,the gate of the school ,the window of the room,(3)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加“ -s ”来构成所有格。,eg：,Chinas industry,the stations waiting room,ten minutes walk,todays newspaper,(4)当表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“of+名词s”的形式来表示所有关系。of后面的名词一般都表示人，不能表示物。,eg：,that book of Li Mings ,two friends of my brothers,a few friends of Li Mings,(5)复合名词或短语，s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 eg：a month or twos absence,(2)表示无生命东西的名词，通常采用of+名词的结构来表示所有关系。,1.These days I hire two _in my house . A. man servant B. men servant C. man servants D. men servants,D,2.Mr Smith is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers,A,3._desks are in the same room. A. Johns and Susan B. John and Susans C. John and Susan D. Johns and Susans,D,4.- Where did you spend last weekend ? -At _. A. Mr. Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens D. the Mr. Greens,A,5.No news _good news.A. is a B. are C. is D. has E. have,C,Thank you,
