冠词和数词ppt课件.ppt
冠词,一、冠词,冠词,1. 不定冠词：a/an,2. 定冠词： the,3. 零冠词：固定搭配（5类情况）,4. 冠词用法比较（3组）,1、 不定冠词,a 用于以辅音音素，半元音/j/、/w/开头的单词特殊： u 开头的单词（useful、usual、USA、European、unique、uniform）an 用于以元音音素开头的单词 （a, e, i, o, u /）特殊：honor、hour、honest 发的第一个音是元音,1、不定冠词用法,1.不定冠词a和an的用法(1)a 用在以辅音音素开始的名词前；an用在以元音音素开始的名词前。如：an apple a bed(2)表示某类人或事物中的“一个”，但不强调数目概念，没有one强烈。如：I have a new bag.(3) 用于第一次提到的和泛指的单数可数名词前。如：There is a book on the desk. Do you have a ruler?(4)用于某些固定词组中如: have a good time a lot of have a look,2、定冠词用法the,特指某些人或物：e.g.: The book is helpful.指前面提到过的人或物：e.g.：I saw a book on the desk. The book is hers.宇宙中独一无二的东西：e.g.：The sun is very big.4. 用于形容词最高级前：e.g.: This apple is the biggest in the basket.用于序数词前：e.g.： Lily got the first prize in the contest.,2、定冠词用法,6. 用于江、河、海洋、山脉等名词前：长江，黄河7. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前：e.g.： the Peoples Republic of China the Great Wall8. 用于姓前，表示（一家人），动词用复数形式e.g.： The Smiths are at home.9. 用于乐器名词前：e.g.： play the piano,2、定冠词用法,10. the+形容词，表示一类人e.g.: The young are very happy. 11. the+ 比较级，the+比较级结构e.g.: The more you eat, the fatter you will be.12. 固定搭配：P46,3、零冠词,1、 交通工具，通讯工具前by bus /train/plane/subway/bike/ship2、一日三餐前 have breakfast/lunch /dinner3、日期、月份、季节、节日前 on Monday 4、称呼或表头衔的名词前Mum，where is my hat? Aunt Zhang.5、棋类、球类运动的名词前 play basketball/chess6、某些习惯用语前e.g.： go to bed, go to school, go to town, at home8.国名、地名、人名等专有名词前不用冠词 eg: in Zhuzhou in China 7.名词前已有做定语用的代词时，不再用冠词。e.g：This is my bag. Those are your books.,4、冠词用法比较,In hospital 住院In the hospital 在医院里（看病，探病，工作）In bed 卧病在床In the bed 坐在床上（看书，看电影）At table 吃饭At the table 在桌边（写字，玩游戏）,Exercise:选择题1.There is ruler in pencil box. Pencil-box is Ping Ping s. A.a; the;The B.the, the ,The C. a;the;A2. boys are twins. They look same. A./;/ B.The; A C The; the3.Wang Ping isnt Chinese boy.He is English boy. A.a; an B.an ; an C. an ; a4.She has got _ long hair and big eyes. A.a,two B. the,the C. /,/5.Look！ cat is eating fish. A.a B. The C.an,A,C,A,C,B,6. ball under the desk is mine. A./ B.The C. A7. Let me have look. A.a B. / C. the8.Look , moon is round. A.a B. / C. the9.l like summer better than winter. A./; the B./; / C the; /10.When is your birthday? Its 14th of August.A. a B.the C. /,B,A,C,B,B,冠词练练练,请填入适当的冠词1.I had _ lunch with _ friend of mine.2.-Where is Mom？ -Shes taking _ walk in _ garden.3. Mike is going to _ school tomorrow for _ first time.4. This is _ shortest way to _ Science Museum.5. There is _ “L” and _ “n” in the word “long”.6. _ English-Chinese dictionary is _ useful tool.,/,a,a,the,the,the,the,the,an,an,an,a,数词,概念,数词就是表示事物的数量和顺序的词，分基数词和序数词两种。 表示数目或数量多少的词叫基数词，如：one，ten, fifteen 等；表示数目顺序的词叫序数词，如：fifth, second,twelfth等。,一.基数词的构成,1）112, 独立成词。 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve 2）13-19, 由39 + teen构成。 14fourteen 16-sixteen 17-seventeen 19nineteen 特殊拼写: 13 thirteen 15-fifteen 18eighteen 3）2090, 以-ty结尾。 20twenty 30thirty 40forty 50fifty 80eighty 60sixty 70seventy 90ninety 4）2199， 两位数，十位与个位之间有 “”。 21 twenty-one 55 fifty-five 99 ninety-nine 5）101999，三位数，百位与十位/个位之间加 and。 101 one hundred and one 840 eight hundred and forty 693 six hundred and ninety-three,英语中常用的基数词有：1000one(a) thousand,10000 ten thousand,100000one hundred thousand ,1000000one million,10000000ten million, 100000000one hundred million,108one hundred and eight, 146one hundred and forty-six, 500five hundred , 1001one thousand and one, 1813one thousand eight hundred and thirteen.,29,431,500,7,6,thousand,hundred,million,billion,and,6) 1，000以上数目,从右向左每三位用“，”分开,分别读为thousand , million, billion， 注意：这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不能加and。,7）表示具体、准确的数目时，hundred, thousand, million等数词后不能加-s, 如five hundred, six thousand, seven million8）当hundred, thousand等数词与of连用，表示不具体、不准确的数目时，词尾须加-s。如：thousands of students, millions of trees.,2、“基数词+名词” 的合成形容词作定语， 中间有连字符“”,当中的名词用单数。 a 3 year old girl a seven-day holiday 注：这种结构中名词不能用复数，同时只能作定语。用作表语时，不用连字符，名词有复数。如：Tony is 10 years old this year.Tony is a 10-year-old boy.,3、表计量- “基数词+度量单位+形容词” The classroom is 7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.,4、表示时刻 (介词用at)1)顺读法-先时后分, “几点几分” 9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one,3) 15分钟：a quarter 30分钟：a half 9:15 a quarter past nine 12:30 half past twelve,2)逆读法-先分后时 表示“几点过几分”，半小时以内，介词用past 分钟数+past +钟点数 10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight,表示“几点差几分”，半小时以上，介词用to 60减原分钟+ to + (下一个)钟点数 9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight,What is the time?,six/six oclock,four o five/ five past four,seven fifteen/a quarter past seven,nine twenty/ twenty past nine,nine thirty/half past nine,six forty/twenty to seven,三、序数词的构成,1) 13, first, second, third 。2) 419, 相应基数词+th, 特殊拼写:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。3) 2090, y变成ie +th,如twentieth。4) 2199, 只把个位的基数词变成序数词 如twenty-first。5) 序数词缩写数字最后两字母 如1st, 2nd, 3rd ,4th,基变序,有规律,一、二、三，特殊记，面目全非要注意，加th从4起，八少“t”，九去“e”，“ve”要用“f”替，(five, twelve)见“y”变成“i”和“e”，词尾加上“th”，(twenty, thirty,ninety)若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。序数词缩写记清楚,数字后跟两字母。,(序数词构成规律),(1)序数词作定语，前面要加the； The first truck is carrying a food basket John lives on the fifteenth floor She is my first English teacher.(2)有时加a/an，“再一”，“又一” 的意思Well have to do it a second time Shall I ask him a third time？ When I sat down，a fourth man rose to speakThey had a second child in 1988,四、序数词的用法,五、数词的用法 1、编号表示法,编号在前，名词在后，用序数词，前面有the编号在后，名词在前，用基数词，注意首字母大写房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读,The First Lesson（在句子中不大写）Lesson One,the thirty-second pagePage 32 / Page Thirty-two,Room 305,Bus No.42,第一课第32页第305房间第42路公共汽车,1999 nineteen ninety-nine two thousand and eight1949年10月1日 读作: October (the) first, nineteen forty-nine (月-日，年) the first of October, nineteen forty-nine（日-月，年）写作: October 1st,1999(日用缩写，月-日-年) October 1, 1999 (日用数字) 1st October,1999日-月，年,3.年份、日期、时刻表达法,年用基数词表示,两位一读,介词用in日用序数词表示,介词用on,表示“在世纪”, 用序数词。 在20世纪 写作：in 20th century 读作：in the twentieth century,
