个体认知方式的差异ppt课件.pptx
人人,人人,人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,管人,用人,识人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人 人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人,识人,用人,管人,个体的认知方式差异,主讲：,什么是个体的认知差异？,主要的个体认知方式类型有哪几种？,认知方式是指什么？,1,2,3,如果从左向右去看图片，首先感知到的就是鸭子。,如果从右向左去看图片，首先感知到的就是兔子。,以黑色为背景色,从下往上看,以白色为背景色,从上往下看,女士的腿,男士的腿,1,什么是个体的认知差异？,人们对同一事物的不同认知反应。,答,探讨,说出一种你喜欢的学习新知识的方式？,听老师讲授,自己看书,同他人探讨,独立思考,提问,看视频,每个人都有自己所偏爱的认知加工方式。,2,答,认知方式是指什么？,认知方式是指人们在对事物、现象或人进行认知的过程中，个人所偏爱使用的加工信息的方式，也叫认知风格（cognitive style）。,认知方式类型,一、冲动型沉思型二、系列型同时型三、场独立性场依存性,一、冲动型沉思型,低,高,错误率,快,慢,反应时,能力水平,认知风格,图9-1 四种认知加工类型图,选词填空,冲动型,沉思型,词库,反应快,反应慢,精确性好,精确性差,急于求成,整体加工,急于表达,分析问题片面,考虑周全,细节性加工,看重解决问题的质量而非速度,二、系列型同时型,达斯等人提出了系列型与同时型的认知风格。认为，在右利手人中，左优势脑的个体在对信息进行加工时，表现出系列型加工风格；而右优势脑的个体则表现出同时型加工风格。,左半脑,右半脑,语言的、逻辑的、分析的,直观的、综合的、几何的,系列型认知风格,1,2,3,4,图9-2 继时性加工路径示意图,风格特点：在解决问题的过程中，一步一步地分析问题，每一个步骤只考虑一种假设或一种属性，第一种假设成立后再进一步考虑第二种假设，一环一环地推导出问题的结果。,同时型认知风格,1,2,3,4,图9-3 同时性加工路径示意图,风格特点：在解决问题的过程中，采取宽视野的方式，同时考虑多种假设，并同时兼顾各种可能性，才能解决好问题。,男性与女性倾向或者擅长的认知类型,思考与探索,许多数学操作、空间问题的操作都要依赖于这种同时型加工方式。这也是为什么男性的数学能力与空间能力优于女孩子的原因之一。,言语操作、记忆等都属于系列型加工过程。一般来说，女性擅长系列加工方式，这也就是为什么女孩子的记忆功能、言语功能比男孩好的原因之一。,同时型,系列型,三、场独立性-场依存性,场：外界环境，包括各种人物和事。场独立性的人：不太依赖于外界环境，对信息进行加工处理时，依据内在标准或内在参照，与人交往时很少能体察入微。场依存性的人：很依赖于外界环境，对信息进行加工处理时，依据外在参照，与别人交往时也能考虑到对方的感受。,场独立性的人,在认知领域显示其优越性,处理问题比较灵活,善于抽象思维,自学能力较强,对自然科学知识更感兴趣,场依存性的人,在人际社会领域显示优势,善于体察别人,与人相处亲密融洽,更喜欢社会定向的学科与知识,与人斗，其乐无穷,3,主要的个体认知方式类型有哪几种？,答,（对问题思考的速度）,（思考问题的时序与视野）,（思考问题时对外界的依赖程度）,谢谢观看,提供入职培训、岗前培训、主讲心理学，人资法律法规。电话：18711986238,
