专四—词汇篇解读ppt课件.ppt

英语专业四级词汇讲座,Are you well prepared?,1. She offered me some food that had a _ taste. （近义词辨析）A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. concrete2. Ten minutes later the taxi_B_ in front of the Grand Theatre, where we had arranged to meet. （动词短语）A. pulled out B. pulled up C. pulled off D. pulled down注： peculiar 奇怪的,不寻常的This fish has a peculiar taste;这鱼有一种怪味道 pull out (火车）驶出；（船）划出pull up 停下 pull off: 从大路驶入小路（警察示意）pull down 毁坏,3. The driver coming in the opposite direction _ to avoid the cow crossing the road.(考察词义）A. turned B. swerved C. lunged D. scrambled4. The government finally apologized for feeding the public with _ facts.(考察词义搭配）A. artificial B. man-made C. fake D. falseartificial flower/smilefake fur/money/doctor(冒牌医生）false : wrong, unreal. false statement,Match the words in column A and the meanings in Column BColumn A Column B,masculine2. allowance3. propaganda4. livelihood5. anonymity,the way you earn money in order to liveB. having the qualities or appearance considered to be typical of menC. an amount of money that you are given regularly or for a special purposeD. information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some causeE. the state of remaining unknown to most other people,1B; 2C; 3D; 4A; 5E.,2010年TEM4专业四级评分要求,近年来专业四级考试Grammar and Vocabulary部分中，50%为词汇、词组和 短语的用法，约50%为语法结构。该题作为测试考生英 语水平的基础，它对于TEM4中所有题项影响之大是众所周知的，因为任何一门外 语的学习均始于词汇和语法，且对词汇数量及其深度的掌握程度在一定意义上 反映一个人的英语水平。因此，掌握词汇和语法对于在TEM4中取得好成绩显得 尤为重要。 评分标准： 语法与词汇部分，考试时间为15分钟。测试形式采用多项选择题；从2005 年开始，本部分共30道题，每题有四个选项：题目中约50%为词汇词组和短语用 法题，50%为语法结构题。分数比例：每题0.5分，共15分。,10年英语TEM4词汇部分考试要点分析,问题一：专四考试要求的词汇量是多少？与大学英语六级相比，哪个考试词汇量要求更大？,高等学校英语专业教学大纲规定专四水平学生应认知词汇5,5006,500个，正确而熟练地运用其中的3,0004,000个及其最基本的搭配。而考生们比较熟悉的大学英语六级考试要求5,500个单词。从考纲规定来说，专四的词汇量比六级更大，而且专四对词汇搭配、词义辨析考查得更加细化和专业；由于六级考试已经取消了词汇语法题，因此在词汇用法的掌握方面要求明显低于专四。,问题二：专四的词汇语法题包含哪些题型和考点？又该如何复习？,无论是词汇还是完形填空，主要包含以下六大题型，每一种题型的考点各具特色 1近义词辨析题2词根词缀辨析3动词词组题4从句引导词题5逻辑连词题6形近词辨析题,英语单词记忆法,学习英语最常遇到的问题，便是词汇不足。词汇不足的人在英文听、说、读、写各方面的能力都会受 到严重限制。所以词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。一般认为背单词是件既吃力，又往往成效不彰的苦差事。实际上，若能采用适当的方法，是可以缩短 扩大词汇量所需的时间，并且提高记忆单词的质量的。下面将介绍七种单词记忆法。,一、结合记忆法。将比较生疏，不常用的单词放入一定的语言环境句子中，结合句意来记忆单词。遇到此单词时， 若词义忘记，则可通过回忆所在句子的意思来记忆单词。例如：slopen. 倾斜；坡度；斜度 There is always a certain slope in a ships deck船的甲板总有几分倾斜。斜面；斜坡 We climbed the steep slope of the hill 我们爬了那座陡峭的倾坡。vi.倾斜。The railroad slopes up slightsly at this point铁路在此处有轻微的倾斜。,critical adj. 批评（性）的，吹毛求疵的 I dont like people who are too critical about everything我不喜欢对每件事都太吹毛疵的人。紧要的，关键的；危急的 His condition is reported as being very critical.据报告他的情况非常危急。通过此法来掌握词汇，既有助于记住单词本身的拼写、拼读，又可同时熟悉词的词义、词性、用法和 搭配，比孤立地背记单词效果要好。,二、同类记忆法。将同类词汇收集在一起，同时背记。注意，同类词汇与同义词不同：同义词是指意思相同，而同类词 是指基本属性相同、具体意义的层次，级别或范围不同的一类词汇。如headmaster和principal是同义词，都表示，“中小学校长”；president和chancellor是同义词，都 表示大专院校“校长”。这两组词是同类词汇，都表示“校长”，但具体级别不同，所以两组词不是同义词。,再如bachelor（学士）、master（硕士）,doctor (博士）三个词都表示学位授予的情况，“但具体级别不同，所以这三个词也是一组同类词汇。这样，将同类词汇放在一起记忆，当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，效率大大提高了。,三、比较记忆法。把同义词或形似词放在一起，加以区别、说明来掌握单词的方法。记忆的过程是一组组，一对对单词 同时记忆。这种记忆方法可以记住单词拼写的同时，还掌握了词与词的区别和各自特殊的用法，于是将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开。例如：,同义词admit和confess均表示“承认”。但confess，含有“坦白”，“忏悔”，的意思， 而admit却无此意。admit除含有“承认”之意外， 还含有“允许，接纳”的意思。acquire、inquire、require是三个形似词，拼写很相似，但意思却完全不同：acquire（取得，获得）。 inquire（打听，查询）、require（需要，要求，命令）。,四、构词法记忆法。通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法：1）转化，即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如：picture(n)画-picture(v)描绘water(N)水-water（v) 浇水2）派生，即演过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，例如：happy-unhappy（加前缀）happiness（加后缀）,3）合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：wood（木）cut（刻）-woodcut（木刻）pea(豌豆）nuts（坚果）- peanut（花 生）这种记忆法可以将具有同一基本意义的不同词性或具有相反意义的一系列单词同时记忆，使不同单词的词义、词性不易混淆。,五、根义记忆法利用根义代替记忆多义，可以解决“没有生词”却老读不懂的问题。比如要问immediate（ly）是否已 记住，回答当然是肯定的。那么就请看下面三个 “没有生词”的片段：a) The woman immediately behind the car.b) She is my immediate neighbour.c) the immediate cause若没有读懂，那么就请看immediaie(ly)根义中间没有间隔（地） -代记-1）（时间）立刻；2）（空间）紧挨，通接，紧跟，3）（关系）直接这样，根义在阅读理解中就起到了以一当十的功效。上面三个片段的意思就迎刃而解了。,六.缀合法快速记忆后缀在缀合法中只起改变词性的作用，不改变词根的含意，因词性不同、后缀可分为名词性、形容词性、动词性及副词性后缀，现列举于下。一、名词性后缀1，-age为抽象名词后缀，表示行为，状态和全体总称percentage百分数，百分率，voltage电压，伏特数，lavage灌洗，洗，出法，gavage管词法，curettage刮除法，shortage不足，缺少。,2-cy表示抽象名词accuracy 准确，精确度，infancy婴儿期。3-ence、-ance表示性质和动作 difference不同，interference干扰，干预，influence影响，感化，occurrence发出，出现，violence激烈，暴力，existence存在，significance意义，意味。4-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足，不全，tendency趋势，趋向，frequency频率，pregnancy妊娠，emergency紧急，急救，fluency流利，流畅，sufficiency足够，充足，constancy坚定，经久不变。,5-er表示人、者diameter直径，receiver接收者，接受者，carrier 携带者，beginner初学者，创始人，reader读者，shutter 快门，goiter甲状腺肿。6-ics 表示科学psdiatrics儿科学，psychiatrics精神病学，obstetrics产科学，orthopdics矫形科学，auristrics耳科学，gnathostomatics口腔生理学，andriatrics男性医学，男性科。7-ian表示人称名词physician医师，内科医师，technician技术员,8-ication 由动词变化而来的抽象名词，常译为化simpliffcation 简化，calcification钙化，classification分类，分级， communication交流，交往。9-ing由动词变化而来的动名词nursing护理，typing分型，分类，mapping绘制图，bleeding出血，vomiting呕吐，softening变软，functioning使器官活动，使器官有功能，positioning 把放在适当的位置，mathching和相配，imaging成像。,10-ion 由动词构成的名词occasion偶然原因，近因，时机，division分割，分开，vision视力，视觉，distortion扭曲，变形。11-ism表示制度，主义及现象等的抽象名词mehanism机理，机制，autism孤独性。12-ist表示人称名词specialist专家，internist内科医生，padiatrist儿科学家，biololgist生物学家，economist经济学家，chemist化学家，obstetrist产科学家，产科医师。,13-ization由动词构成的抽象名词recanalization再管化，再通化，chatheterization插管，immunization免疫法，预防接种，organization组织，机构，机化，hospitalization住院，normalization正常化，ketonization酮化作用。14-logy表示学科morphology形态学，histology组织学，neurology神经学，embryology胚胎学，radiology放射学，laryngorhinology喉鼻科学，proctology直肠学，hexiology个体，生态学。,15-ment表示动作，行为或具体事物measurement 测量，量度，experiment实验，instrument 仪器，器械，integument体被，皮肤，segment节段，fragment片段，断片，碎片，replacement替代，置换，increment增长，增殖，development发育，显影，movement动作，活动，ligment韧带，equipment器材，装置，设备，improvement改善。16-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词tenderness触痛，hardness坚硬，thickness厚度，effectiveness有效，usefulness有用的，coldness寒冷，dampness潮湿，darkness 黑暗，shallowness浅，permanentness永久，brightness明亮。,17-or表示人，物inhibitor抑制物，doctor医生，monitor监视器，donor给血者,供体，director主任，factor因素， operator操作者，手术者。18-ry表示集合名词laboratory实验室，chemistry化学。19-ship表示状态relationship关系，联系，interrelationship 相互关系，相互联系。20-th由形容词构成名词length长度，width宽度，depth深度，truth真理。,21-ty表示性质rigidity强直，僵硬，speciality特征，专业，responsibility责任，责任心，capacity容量，智能，能力，mortality死亡率，morbidity发病率，nocturnality夜间，safty 安全性，conductivty传导性，permeability渗透性，property性质，plenty丰富，unity整体，统一性，obesity肥胖，similarity类似，相似。22-ure表示行为结果failure衰竭，pressure 压力，curvature弯曲，fissure裂隙，裂，puncture穿刺，rupture破裂，structure结构，seizure发作，nomenclature名称，术语。,二、形容词性后缀1-able表示可能的，可以的excitable易兴备的，acceptable易接受的，movable可移动的，alterable可改变的,可改动的，available可用的，可得到的，uncomfortable不舒的。2-al表示有的属性regional 局部的natural自然的，special特别的，特殊的，spinal脊髓的，central 中央的，vertrbral脊柱的，cervical颈的，mural壁的，terminal末端的，typical典型的，digital手指的，数字的，temperal暂时的，短暂的，capital首要的，重要的，vocal有声的，声带的，several几个，parasternal胸骨旁的。,3-ant有些是从动词派生来的significant在意义的，persistant持久的，坚持的（从动词persist来的），resistant抵抗的，反抗的（自动词resist派生），important重要的，infant婴儿的，constant坚定的，持久的，pernanent永久的。4-ar表示特征的，形状的regular规则的，muscular肌肉的，circular环形的，圆的，anular环的。,5-ary 表示与有关的ordinary平常的，通常的，anniversary周年的，voluntary自愿的，随意的。6-ed 用于名词加ed，转化为形容词，或动词过去分词作形容词。 Coded加密码的（名词code 加ed）,colored加颜色的，deposited被沉淀的（由动词deposite加ed）,curved使弯曲的，limited有限的，lubricated滑润的，使滑润的，surrounded围住的，被围绕的。,7-ent与-ant同类consistent坚定的，different不同的，sufficient足够的，convenient便利的，方便的，evident明显的，fluent流利的，流畅的，efficient有效的，frequent常常的，频繁的。8-ful由名词构成形容词useful有用的，successful成功的，plentiful丰富的，helpful有帮助的。9-ible与-able相同。Visible可见的，irreversible 不可逆的，impossible不可能的，inaudible听不见的。,三、动词性后缀1-ate多用于外来词构成动词deviate背离、偏离，decelerate减速，accelerate加速，degenerate变性，operate操作，手术，defibrillate除颤，vibrate振动、颤动，migrate移动，angulate成角，anticipate预期、期望，abbreviate缩写，antecede在之前。,2-en形容词构成动词，表示变、加、使weaken变弱、变衰弱，soften使软化，thicken使变厚，strenghten加强，shorten使变短，wooden木制的，deepen加深、深化，harden使变硬，lengthen使延长，loosen放松、解开，quicken加快、刺激，roughen变粗糙，lighten减轻，sharpen变尖锐。3-ize加在形容词或名词上，表示化neutralize中和，standardize标准化，mineralize矿物质化，repolarize复极化，depolarize去极化，sensitize致敏，metastasize转移。,四、副词性后缀1-ly由形容构成的副词，最为常用，表示地simaltaneously同时地，concurrently同时地，widely广泛地，excrusively专用地、唯一地，scarcely仅仅、刚刚，immediately立即。 2.-ward（s）加在前置词上，构成副词，表示方向backward(s)向后，upward(s)向上。,七.结构联想 英语单词由基本的词根加词缀派生而成，派生词大概占所有单词的80%。根据构词法知识，可以轻松记忆单词。 E.g. 1）port (in Ancient Latin means to carry) export, import, important, importance, transport, deport, portable, porter, portage, report, reporter, E.g. 2）serv (to keep or protect) conserve, conservation, conservative, preserve, preservation, preservative, reserve, reservation, reservoir, observe, observer, serve, service, servant, deserve, servile.,2，声义联想 人的大脑具有强大的联想功能，根据单词读音，与其意义产生联想。 umbrella 雨伞；（声音联想俺不来了；意义联想下雨雨伞）, envelope 信封；（声音联想安慰老婆；意义联想写信信封）, bullet 子弹；（声音联想不理它；意义联想子弹来了我不理它）, coffin 棺材；（声音联想靠坟；意义联想靠在坟边的是什么？棺材）, ferment 酵母；（声音联想发馒头；意义联想发馒头需要什么？酵母）,3.语气联想 朗读单词时，配合嘴型，语气等，建立联想。 laugh, cheer, （口型象照相时的微笑。） threat, insidious, cruel (朗读时咬牙切齿，做凶狠状。) bubble, sigh, cough,（朗读时配合口腔气流。）,专四词汇分类题,一、逻辑关系题二、近形词三、近义词四、固定搭配习语五、词组,逻辑关系题-名词,1、 When he first started in university, he really felt at _ with his major economics.（2008年第66题）A. shore B. bank C. ocean D. sea2、The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of disease in the _ of the earthquake.（2007年第70题）A. consequence B. aftermath C. result D. affect,D,B,逻辑关系题-动词,3、Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to _ them next semester. （2008年第70题）A. remake B. repeat C. reapply D. revise4、 Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _ against the local authorities decision to build a highway across the field.（2005年第71题）A. contradict B. reform C. counter D. protest,B,D,逻辑关系题-形容词,5. The young employee has a (n) _ quality - he is totally honest. (2009年第80题) A. respectable B. admirable C. decent D. approachable 6、 His ideas are invariably condemned as _ by his colleagues.（2005年第70题）A. imaginative B. ingenious C. impractical D. theoretical,c,c,逻辑关系题-副词,7、First, we need to find out what his scheme is, and then act _. （2008年第74题） A. sensitively B. imaginatively C. efficiently D. accordingly,D,近形词-形容词,8、On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them. （2008年第67题）A. considerable B. considering C. considerate D. considered 9、The couple has donated a not_ amount of money to the foundation. （2006年第80题）A inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate D incomparable,C,A,近形词-动词,10、She was standing outside in the snow, _ with cold.（2004年第60题）A. spinning B. shivering C. shaking D. staggering,B,近形词-名词,11、 The police have offered a large _for information leading to the robbers arrest.（2002年第52题）A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward,D,近义词-名词,12、 It is an offence to show _ against people of different races.（2006年66题）A distinction B difference C separation D discrimination13、 The economic recession has meant that job_ is a rare thing. （2006年第69题）A security B safety C protection D secureness,D,A,近义词-形容词,14、The scientists have made an _ study of the viruses that cause the disease.(2009年73题) A. exhausted B. exhausting C. exhaustive B. exhaustion15、After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was _. （2006年第76题）A leaking B trickling C dripping D floating,C,A,近义词-副词,16. Personal computers are no longer sth beyond the ordinary people. They are _ available these days.（2007年第74题）A. promptly B. instantly C. readily D. quickly,C,近义词-动词,17、A great amount of work has gone into _ the Cathedral to its previous splendor. （2006年第67题）A refreshing B restoring C renovating D renewing,B,固定搭配习语,18、 When invited to talk about his achievements, he refused to blow his own _ and declined to speak at the meeting. （2008年第76题）A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute19、Last Sunday she came to visit us out of blue. The italicized phrase means:_ (2009年78题)A. unexpectedly B. unhappily C. untidily D. unofficially,A,A,固定搭配习语,20、There are still many problems ahead of us, but by this time next year we can see light at the end of the _. （2005年第76题）A. battle B. day C. road D. tunnel21.The thieves fled with the local police close on their _.(2006年第68题) A. backs B. necks C. toes D. heels,D,D,22. Shes always been kind to me- I cant just turn _ on her now that she needs my help. （2007年第67题）A. my back B. my head C. my eye D. my shoulder 23. Sally was a bit shy, but her teacher found her quite _ discussing a recent film with others. （2008年第68题） A. at home B. at most C. at house D. at bean,A,A,词 组,24、 After a long delay, she _ replying to my e-mail.（2007年第73题）A. got away with B. got back at C. got by D. got round to25、The person he interviewed was _his former schoolmate.(2009年第79题)A. no other than B. no more thanC. none other than D. none the less,D,c,1. Hislongservicewiththecompany was_withapresent.A.admitted B.acknowledgeC.attributed D. identified2. The lost car of the less was found _in the woods off the high way.A. vanished B. abandoned C. dispersed D. rejected,B,B,Put the most appropriate words in the blanks. (30%),3.They spent many years _ for oil in this small island. Aexploring Bexploding Cexposing DExploiting4. Dark glasses serve to _ eyes from the glare of the sun. A. gloom B. shelter C. shield D. defend,D,D,5. The girl took cheese and _ to eat A. commenced B. commended C. commanded D. commented 6.The male bird has _ white markings on its head. A distinct B distinguished C distinguishable D distinctive,A,D,7.It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students. A. partial B. beneficial C. preferable D. liable8. Pure mathematics differs from applied mathematics in that the former is more _ . A. vague B. abstract C. concrete D. academic,A,B,9. The sea breeze was _ to us so we stayed on the beach for the whole morning. A. harmonious B. peaceful C. tranquil D. agreeable 10. Mary hopes to be _ from hospital next week. A. dismissed B. discharged C. expelled D. resigned,D,B,11.Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is _ loud continuous noise. A. subjected to B. filled with C. associated with D. attached to12.They establish and maintain more_ and confiding relations with us. A. imitate B、initiate C.intimate D、intimidate,A,c,13.I was confused by a _of narrow winding streets. A. magnitude B. essentiality C. swamp D. maze14、Im afraid our opinions _from each other on the direction of investment. A. dissociated B. diverged C. corroded D. emerged,D,B,15、Everyone was rather surprised when literary prize was won by a(n) _ writer. A、obscure B、vague C、ambiguous D、dim16. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly _ source of raw materials , of which only a few have been utilized . A . exploited B . controversial C . inexhaustible D . remarkable,A,c,17At the meeting people made quite a few _remarks about the students performance . A. complement B . compliment C. complementary D . complimentary18. Their refusal to sigh the international treaty was _by many countries in the world . A. renounced B . denounced C . announced D . pronounced,D,B,19. We all have great sympathy _ the laid off workers .But it is not enough just to be sympathetic _ them . A . for ,to B. to ,for C. with , to D. with , for 20.Dreams are _ in themselves , but when combined with other date ,they can tell us much about the dreamer. A. uninformative B. startling C. harmless D. uncontrollable,A,A,21.Texas, the second largest state