专升本英语非谓语动词ppt课件.pptx

非谓语动词,非谓语动词,动词不定式 to do,动词-ed 过去分词,动词 -ing,现在分词 -ing,动名词,1. 谓语动词：在在句子中担任谓语的动词2. 非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,概述,动词不定式 to do,一、基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done二、动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,(1)作主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get there in time is your fault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do,It takes us an hour to get there by bus.,句型2：Its + n. + to do,Its our duty to help the poor.,It is a great enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains.,句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth,（用来形容人的品质的 ）,（用来形容事物的性质的 ）,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,It is + adj + of sb to do sthIt is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,(2)作宾语,I want to know this matter.,I dont expect to meet you here.,1),接不定式做宾语,1. They wanted ( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished ( be ) a professor.3. I agreed ( go ) there with the doctor.4. My daughter preferred ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.5. He had promised ( give ) me a hand.,to get,to be,to go,to dance,to give,2) 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:,tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand)He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.,(3) it作形式宾语,I feel that to work with him is interesting,I feel it interesting to work with him,注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。,结构：主语+ find/think/feel/make/consider it+adj/n + to do sth.,1.Doyouconsider_betternot go?2.Ifeel myduty changeallthat. 3.We think important obey the law.4.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.,it,to,it,to,it,to,it,to,(4) 不定式作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the news.He hurried to the school to find nobody there. To look at him，you would like him,(目的),(原因),(结果),(条件),only + 不定式,含义：only+不定式这一结构表示一种出乎意料或非主观希望的结果，该结构常常用逗号与前面的句子隔开。意为“不料；反而；想不到；结果却”He hurried to that house, only to be told that the party was cancelled.Herantothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadleft.,不带to的不定式,1. 使役动词：have, let make等动词后，不定式作宾补时不用toShe wont let her poor son suffer like this.He made a face and made everybody laugh.2. 感官动词及词组:feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch等动词后，不定式作宾补时不用toI heard him sing a song.,不定式的时态,一、不定式的一般式to+动词原形，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或是在其后发生的She was seen to enter the hall. (was seen与to enter两个动作同时发生）I have some new to tell you. (to tell所表示的动作发生在have 之后）,二、不定式的进行式to be+动词-ing，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，而且正在进行着They seem to be getting along quite well. He is said to be studying in New York.,三、不定式的过去式to have+过去分词，表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前He is said to have left Shanghai.She seems to have read the book before.,Helenhadtoshout_abovethesoundofthemusic.A. makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear C.makingherselfheardD. tomakeherselfheard,2.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A. totellB. tobetoldC. tellingD. told,D,B,3. Willyoulendhimamagazine_?A.tobereadB.forreadingC.toreadD.heread,4. Ive worked with children before, so I know what in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects,C,B,5.Anumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelieved_inafire.A.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyedD.tohavebeendestroyed,D,动名词,动名词由动词+ing构成，兼有动词的特征和名词的功能，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。动名词的基本构成：,否定形式：not+动名词, 用形式主语it，把真正的主语ing形式移置句尾。Asking her advice is no use.= It (形式主语)is no use asking her advice (真正主语).Learning without practice is no good.= It is no good learning without practice.,二、动名词作宾语只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有避免错过少延期 avoid, miss, put off, delay建议完成多练习 suggest, finish, practice喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy, imagine, cant help承认否定与妒忌 admit, deny, envy逃避冒险莫原谅 escape, risk, excuse,忍受保持感介意 stand, keep, appreciate, mind,二、动名词作宾语有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语，但意思不同。If I had remembered to close the window, the thief would not have got in. （记得要去做某事）I remembered seeing her once somewhere.（记得曾经做过某事）,prefer.to. look forward to be used to put off give up S. + keep on + doing succeed in cant help feel like be busy be worth have difficulty/trouble/problem (in),作介词/短语动词的宾语:,主语 + 谓语 + 介词+ doing,e.g.She sat there without speaking.I look forward to seeing him again.Are you used to living there alone?,注意：动名词用主动形式表示被动意义：（1）当need, want, require意为“需要”，且前面的主语时指物的名词或代词时，其后要用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示被动意义。deserve也有这种用法：Your shirts needs . 你的衬衣需要洗一洗。This house requires . 这个房子需要整修。,washing/to be washed,repairing/to be repaired,动名词的时态,一、动名词的一般式动词原形+-ing, 所表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。Children enjoy reading story books. (enjoy 与reading同时发生）I am thinking of getting a new dictionary. (getting发生在thinking之后）,二、动名词的完成式having+过去分词, 所表示的动作通常在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。He accused me of having broken my word.I regret having told her the news.,2. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,The library needs _, but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned,A,D,4. I cant imagine_ with such a famous author.A. work B. to work C. be working D. working,3. _is a good of exercise for both the young and the old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walked,B,D,5. Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seen,B,分词,含义：分词是“非谓语动词”的另一种形式，它有两种形式：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词：动词-ing过去分词：动词-ed,分词的作用：一、作定语：分词作定语有两种形式。它可以放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。有的放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。现在分词作定语表示动作。如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。前置定语：Be quiet. Theres a sleeping child.We only sell used books,后置定语：The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.The bridge built last month needs repairing.,二、作表语：分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。三、作宾语补足语He heard the wind blowing outside.I had my computer repaired yesterday.,四、作状语现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别：Seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. Seen from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.= When they heard the bad new, Given more time, we could do it better.= If we had been given more time, ,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,现在分词时态,一、现在分词的一般式：动词原形+-ingSomeone saw him entering the room from the back door at that time.,二、现在分词的完成式：having+过去分词Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.The person having experienced difficulties of life will not be discouraged easily.现在分词的完成被动式：having been+过去分词Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.Having been told many times, she still couldnt understand it.,1. thehouseonfire,hedialed119.A.ToseeB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Beingseen,2. apostoffice,Istopped somestamps.A.Passed,buyingB.Passing,tobuyC.Havingpassed,buyD.Pass,tobuy,B,B,3. a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.A.HavingbeengivenB.HavinggivenC.GivingD.Beinggiven,4. a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. A.HavingbeengivenB.HavinggivenC.GivingD.Beinggiven,B,A,5.Thechildsatinthedentistschair .A.trembleB.tremblingC.trembledD.totrembled,6. many times, he still couldnt understand.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.HehavingbeentoldD.telling,B,A,独立主格结构,一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。 独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。,独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。特点：1. 与句子的主语不同，它独立存在；2. 位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中或句尾；3. 一般用逗号与句子分开，但与句子之间不适用任何连接词。 Given more time, we could do it better.Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.,1独立主格结构的形式：(1）名词 / 代词 + 不定式So much work to do, I will have to work this Sunday. (2) 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk.(3) 名词 / 代词 + 过去分词Nothing given, we cant finish the job on time.,(4) 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand.(5) 名词 / 代词 + 形容词/副词He sat in the front row, his mouth half open. (6) There being + 名词 / 代词There being nothing else to do, we went home.There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.,二、with + 复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。,二、with + 复合宾语结构The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.With so much work to do, I can not spare a minute.,1._moreandmoreforestsdestroyed,manyanimalsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.A.becauseB.asC.WithD.Since,C,2.Thegirlinthesnapshotwassmilingsweetly,herlonghair_.A.flowedinthebreezeB.wasflowinginthebreeze C.wereflowinginthebreezeD.flowinginthebreeze,D,3.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished,B,4.Thecave_verydark,helitsomecandles_light.A.was;givenB.was;togiveC.being;givenD.being;togive,D,