外研版八年纪英语下册初二语法知识总结课件.ppt

一、语 法,1.动词时态 2.并列复合句3.宾语从句,一、语 法1.动词时态,1、动词时态,1、动词时态,句中没有be的变法,一般现在时有be 的变法,否定句、一般疑问句的结构,句中没有be的变法一般现在时有be 的变法否定句、一般疑问句,一般过去式的句子结构：,肯定句：主语+have /has +V过去分词+其他.,现在完成时的句子结构,一般过去式的句子结构：肯定句：主语+have /has +V,一般疑问句回答:,Is he.? Yes, he is. No, he isnt.Do you .? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Does.she ? Yes she does. No, she doesnt.Did they.? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.Have you.? Yes, I have . No. I havent.Were they.? Yes, they were. No, they werent.Was he.? Yes, he was. No, he wasnt.Has she ? Yes, she has. No, she hasnt.,一般疑问句回答:Is he.? Yes, he i,2、并列复合句,并列复合句-是由并列词and ,but ,or 等把两 个或者两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。并列复合句的构成： 简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。 （1）并列关系用and （2） 选择关系 用or （3）转折关系用but,2、并列复合句并列复合句-是由并列词and ,but,3、宾语从句,1.引导词的选择,一般疑问句充当宾语从句,特殊疑问句充当宾语从句,疑问代词或疑问副词,2.语序 陈述句语序,3.时态,陈述句充当宾语从句,主句,一般现在时,一般过去时,从句,按实际情况用相应时态,过去的某种时态,4.当主句谓语动词为think，suppose， expect，believe 等时，其后的宾语从句为否定句时，常将否定词not从从句中移到主句中，构成否定转移,5.如果从句说的是客观现象或真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。,that,if/whether,3、宾语从句1.引导词的选择一般疑问句充当宾语从句特殊疑问句,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从句,e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. 2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”.,He said that I was younger than him.,He says that Tom is a good student.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系1.陈述句变为引导的宾语从,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?” 2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked.,He asked where I lived.,He asked how they could get to the post-office.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系2.特殊疑问句引导的宾语从,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系,3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从句,She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ” “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.,She asked if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper.,He asked if (whether) they would go to visit the Great Wall.,直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系3.一般疑问句引导的宾语从,二、话 题,人的相貌及性格2.天气及季节3.看病与健康 4.假期,二、话 题人的相貌及性格,三、句子,简单句,并列句,复合句,选择问句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,一般疑问句,否定句,祈使句,三、句子简单句并列句复合句选择问句特殊疑问句感叹句一般疑问句,简单句,并列句,复合句,选择问句,特殊疑问句,感叹句,This is an orange bike. He knows me and I know him. When I was 5, I could swim. Did you live here or there? What did they learn just now? What a heavy rain it is! Does Tom speak French? I dont understand it. Stand （Dont） up.,一般疑问句,否定句,祈使句,简单句并列句复合句选择问句特殊疑问句感叹句This is a,四、句型 (及交际用语),对某人来说做某事是怎么样的： It is +adj. for/of sb. + to do sth.2. 提问看病的：What can I do for you ?Can I help you ?Whats wrong?Whats the matter?,四、句型 (及交际用语)对某人来说做某事是怎么样的：,3.回答生病情况：1),I have got a,headache .,stomach ache .,toothache.,fever.,cough.,cold.,catch a cold,3.回答生病情况：I have got a headach,2) 就此病症提出合理建议 Take / Have some / these medicine three times a day. Drink more water and stay in bed for a few days. Its nothing serious. Youll be / get / become OK / well soon/ in one or two days. Dont be so tired.,2) 就此病症提出合理建议,4.提问某人的爱好： What s your hobby?,回答爱好：,My hobby is,collecting fans/tickets.,collecting stamps/model cars.,writing.,playing basketball.,swimming.,running.,singing.,4.提问某人的爱好：回答爱好：My hobby is co,5. 提问人的相貌： What does.look like?6. 提问人的性格： What is . like?,7. 到该做什么事的时候了。 Its time to do sth. Its time for sth.,7. 到该做什么事的时候了。,8. 提建议用语： Why not do sth.? Why dont you do sth.? What/How about sth. / doing sth.? Its best to do sth. Youd better do sth. You should do sth.,8. 提建议用语：,五、词 类,1. 动词6. 形容词、副词2. 系动词7.数词3. 代词8. 频率副词4.不定代词9. 介词5. 连词10. 疑问词,五、词 类1. 动词6. 形容词、副词,1.动词(谓语),He watches TV every day.He is watching TV now.He watched TV a moment ago.,1.动词He watches TV every day.,动词(非谓语),He enjoys watching TV. Jim makes me laugh.I wanted to see it again.,动词He enjoys watching TV.,2.系动词 (+形容词的动词),lookbeturn getsoundbecometastefeelsmell,2.系动词 (+形容词的动词)lookbe,1) Jims idea sounds nice.2) Kate looks taller.3) I feel nervous now.4) Beijing becomes bigger.5) The days get long.6) The cake tastes delicious.,1) Jims idea sounds nice.,3.不定代词,1. other, others, the other, the others, another, One., the other., any other2. one, ones, ones 3. somethingsomebody / someone anythinganybody / anyone everythingeverybody / everyone nothingnobody / no one,3.不定代词1. other, others, the o,5. 连 词,1. and 7. when2. but 8. before3. or 9. after4. so 10. as5. though 11. if6. because,5. 连 词1. and 7. when,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空,1. Jim often helps me with my English _ I often help him with his Chinese.2. _ the question is very difficult, few of us can answer it.3. Mr. Black is over 70 years old, _ he still works 8 hours a day.,Because,and,but,用and, when, because, but, or,4. Everyone must be here _ 6:00 tomorrow.5. _it is raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the field.6. I can help you _ I have time.,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空,Though,before,if,4. Everyone must be here _,7. _ getting up, I always listen to the radio for a while.8. We must be quick, _ we cant follow them.9. To catch the early bus, _ I got up very early this morning.,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空,so,or,After,7. _ getting up, I always,10. _ the teacher came in, I was thinking about the game.11. _ you know him, why not go and meet Jim instead of me, Kate?,用and, when, because, but, or, so, though before, after, if, 填空,If,When,10. _ the teacher came in,6.形容词、副词,形容词与副词的转换,在词尾处+ ly,y结尾时,去y + ily,有的e结尾的单词,需去y + ly，有的则直接+ly。,quickquickly 2. easy-easily3.terrible-terribly 4. true-truly5.brave-bravely 6. careful-carefully,6.形容词、副词形容词与副词的转换在词尾处+ lyy结尾时,形容词、副词的使用,形容词,副词,修饰名词,修饰动词、形容词,They are clever boys.I prefer long hair.,It really sounds nice.They work very hard.,形容词、副词的使用形容词副词修饰名词修饰动词、形容词They,7. 数词,数词,基数词变序数词,百,千,万,的表达,几分之几,用来表达时、分,用来表达年、月、日,7. 数词数词基数词变序数词百,千,万,的表达几分之几用来表,8. 频率副词,always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,8. 频率副词alwaysusuallyoftensomet,用How often 对它们进行提问。 他们体现了动词出现的频率程度。,I always have milk for breakfast.I usually have eggs for breakfast.I often have noodles for it. I sometimes have fruits for it. I seldom have rice for it. I never have meat in the morning.,用How often 对它们进行提问。 I always,9. 与时间相关的介词,for 时间段前,in 某年、某月前,on 具体日子、节日、 生日、星期几前,at 某分，某时前,当“早上、下午、晚上”被修饰时不用 in 而用on.,9. 与时间相关的介词for 时间段前in 某年、某月前o,表示方位的介词： 某物处在某处的东南西北。,north,south,west,northeast,southeast,northwest,southwest,east,The Position,表示方位的介词：northsouthwestnortheas,in, to, on 的区别,on,某处在某处之内,某处与某处相接壤,某处在某处之外,in,to,in, to, on 的区别on 某处在某处之内某处与某处相,with 的多种用法,do sth. with sb./ sth.a girl with long haira room with two doorsa city with large populationbe busy with sth.be popular with.be with a style of.talk with sb. help sb. with sth.an action movie with Jackie ChanWhats wrong / the matter with.?,with 的多种用法do sth. with sb./ st,10. 疑问词,10. 疑问词,六、易混淆的词、词组,What is .like?What does.look like?,1.,2.,3.,what to dohow to do,wake upwake sb. up,4.,5.,there behave / has,jointake part in.,六、易混淆的词、词组What is .like?1.2.,6.,7.,8.,in the east of.to the east of.,triptravel,other, othersthe other, the othersOne., the other., anotherany other schoolsany other school,易混淆的词、词组,6.7.8.in the east of.tripoth,9.,10.,11.,12.,stop to do sth.stop doing sth.,as well as exceptbesides,a little, little, a bit, a bit of. a few, few,get to.arrive in / at.reach,13.,too muchmuch too,14.,by cartake a car,9.10.11.12.stop to do sth.as w,15.,16.,excited, interested, amazedexciting, interesting, amazing,Its time to . .Its time for. .,18. noise, voice, sound,19. hear, listen, listen to,20. say, tell, talk, speak,21. read, watch, see, look, look at,17.,likeas,15.16.excited, interested, ama,八、易错的词,+doing,还有介词busy,finish enjoy spend keep prefer practice,makelet,+do,+doing,planorderdecidewantask,+to do,八、易错的词+doing还有介词busyfinish,1.Without thinking more, he left here.2.I cant finish writing it in only a few minutes.3.Everyone is busy getting ready for the final exams.4.Mother always spends much time doing such foolish things.5.Jim was good at dancing when he was young.6.Lets practice speaking English, OK?,1.Without thinking more, he le,九、不易用对的词,enough (名词前) enough water enough books enough time enough people,enough (形容词、副词后) tall enough strong enough good enough big enough,九、不易用对的词 enough enough,十、形容词与不定代词的位置,something easy, hard, important.anything useful, interesting, funny.nothing difficult, cheap, amazing, exciting.,十、形容词与不定代词的位置something easy,