四级选词填空ppt资料课件.ppt

Reading in Depth,Banked cloze选词填空,四、平时如何提高选词填空技能,一、 选词填空题型简介,二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,三、选词填空真题分析,内容梗概,一、简介,Banked cloze（测试学术语 “集库型完型填空”）是一篇留有10处单词空白的阅读文章（约250词），要求从所给的 15 个词中选择 10 个填入合适的空档中。这种题型事实上也是完形填空的一种，目的在于考查考生对上下文的理解和词汇的应用能力。特点：首句不设空；一句话中不设两空；设空比较均匀，基本覆盖整个篇幅；设空不影响考生对文章大意的理解；选项所提供的词皆为实义词（名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类），它们与文章的上下文紧密联系；每个正确选项均有干扰项，相互干扰的选项之间不是同义词或近义词。 分值比例为 10，做题时间最好控制在8分钟以内。,核心考点分析,1. 四大词性的判断：迅速识别备选15个单词的词性（4 种词性，一般情况下4个名词其中一个为干扰项、动词4个包含一个干扰项、形容词5个含二个干扰项、副词2个一个干扰项）2. 基于语法的判断（单复数、inged形式等皆有助于解题）。3. 对上下文的理解，尤其是上文的理解，要求比较高。4一一对应：“一个箩卜一个坑”。也就是说，答案是只能使用一次的，所以错一题，可能会错两题。,二、 选词填空解题步骤和技巧,标注词性，预先分组：把15个备选词汇按词性做标记并分组。浏览全文，预测答案：快速浏览全文，预测缺省信息的词性；利用上下文线索、句子结构、词的褒贬色彩、平行结构、单复数、时态等对答案作出预测。同性比较，选择唯一：对相同词性词汇与原文意思进行比照，选择唯一的答案。带入选项，通读检查：代入已选答案，重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑、语意正确。,2022/12/10,6,第一步：标注词性，预先分组,辨别词性应注意：对于熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性。 动词分谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词又包括：不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和过去分词), 分别做标记，无法确定时标问号。不认识的词看后缀。根据构词法知识, 前缀区分意思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。（附常见后缀）词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置，做出相应的标记。,常见后缀,常见名词后缀： tion/sion/ness/ment/er/or/ist/ism/ity如：starvation, attraction, profession, quality，diversity 常见动词后缀：ate/lize/ing/ed 如：estimate，generate , widen，常见形容词后缀: able/al/ant/ent/tive/sive/ous/less/ed/ing 如：stable, affordable, destructive, excessive , unconscious，enormous 常见副词后缀： ly/ward/wise 如：deliberately，completely，remarkably,第二步：浏览全文，预测答案,根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓住文章的主题。根据空格的前后决定所填词的词性：1. 确定空格为名词的依据：句子缺主语、宾语 空格前面为限定词（the, this, that, a, my ）、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词;（注意名词也可以修饰名词 ）空格后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词);空格前面是介词的，空格充当介词宾语，应填入名词或动名词。,例如：Calexico, Calif., implemented bilingual education, and now has dropout rates that are less than half the state average and college_56_rates of more than 90%. Education soon became a _ .As the trade winds lessen in _, 预测：空格56可能是形容词，也不能排除可能名词修饰rates的情况。根据前文dropout rate辍学率, 以及比较级，此处应是表对比的acceptance rate 入学率 n.nightmare n.strength n.,2022/12/10,10,2. 确定空格为动词的依据：空格前后都是名词短语、代词，中间一般为动词（及物动词）（时态看前后文）;空格前面是名词短语、代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词;空格前面是名词/代词，后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配;空格前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词;空格前面有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形;若to是介词，应填入动名词。注意：一个句子有且只有一个谓语动词 一个完整的句子之后再跟逗号，后面一般是非谓语动词短语。,例如： In particular, when older patients _ of pain, they were told it was a natural part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. The rainfall is increased across South America, _ floods to Peru. Thats why a growing number of hospitals now depend upon physicians who _ in pain plain vi.bringing 分词specialize vi.,2022/12/10,12,3. 确定空格为形容词的依据 空格后面为名词，空格处应填入形容词; 空格前面是副词，空格处应填入形容词; 空格前面是系动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语。4. 确定空格为副词的依据 副词修饰形容词或动词 空格前面或后面为动词，空格处应填入副词; 空格后面是形容词，空格处应填入副词； 当一句话完整的时候，句首、句尾的空格往往是副词。,例如：The 1982-83 El Nino (厄尔尼诺现象) brought the most _52_ weather in modern history. In Arizona and Texas, bilingual students _ outperform(优于) their peers in monolingual programs.Not , the jury found them both guilty. destructive adj.consistently adv.一致地，始终如一地，一贯地surprisingly adv.,以-ing, -ed 结尾的词的判断,动词？动名词？形容词？碰到这种情况，先一律看成是动词（但使用不同标记），然后根据句子是否存在缺 adj.的具体情况来决定。例如：Indeed, pain is now considered the fifth vital sign（第五生命体征） , as important as blood pressure, temperature, breathing rate and pulse in _49_ a persons well-being. Decades ago, there were only a _55_ number of drugs available, determining 动名词limited 形容词,运用逻辑和语言知识储备解题,运用上下文逻辑关系解题。逻辑关系包括形式上和意义两种。形式上的逻辑关系是通过逻辑关系词体现的如因果，让步，递进等；意义上的逻辑关系就是以语篇表达的意思为线索，前后文中意义上存在那些关系。比如说，描述一个人的心情的变化，心情好时，应该使用的是积极词汇，而心情不好时则使用消极词汇。当然，形式和意思之间存在紧密联系，不能割裂开来。如： Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar 56, with fewer than 200 calories （2012，12）根据意义关联：前面提到健康食物要求requirement暗示附加菜必须满足标准criteria.,运用逻辑和语言知识储备解题,考生还可利用所储备的语言知识特别是句子结构和一些常见搭配的知识解题。另外语感也很重要。例如：汉语的“学知识”，英语表达是“acquire knowledge”而不是“learn knowledge”；再如：大雨： heavy rain ；交通拥堵：heavy traffic。此外，一些小品词，即to, in, on, at, from等，在某种程度上，也能给我们关于选择项的提示。如：My for her moved her . (attitude; love)love,第三步带入选项，通读检查,代入已选答案，重新通读文章以核对其是否逻辑、语意正确。如有问题，也需要谨慎的微作调整。,三、选词填空真题分析,2012年12月份真题,备选单词词性标注,A)adaptB)availableC)beginD)concernE)criteriaF)itemsG)nationwide H)possibleI) preferJ) recommendingK) speciesL) specifyM) stopN) takingO) variety,v.adj.v.n. / vt.n.n. adj. /adv. adj.vt.v-ingn.vt.v. / n.v-ingn.,第一句：French fries, washed down with a pint of soda, are a favorite part of fast-food lunches and dinners for millions of American youngsters.主题：快餐对青少年不利影响,But 47 a cue from health experts, a group of 19 restaurant companies are pledging to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when 48 is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity(肥胖症). A)adapt v. I) prefer vt B)available adj. J) recommending v-ing C)begin v. K) species n. D)concern n. /v. L) specify vt. E)criteria n. M) stop v./n. F)items n. N) taking v-ing G)nationwideadj./adv.O) variety n. H)possible adj.47. N)taking48. D)concern,Burger King, the nations second-largest fast food chain, for instance, will 49 automatically including French fries and soda in its kids meals starting this month, although they will still be 50. A)adapt v. I) prefer vt B)available adj. J) recommending v-ing C)begin v. K) species n. E)criteria n. L) specify vt. F)items n. M) stop v./n. G)nationwideadj./adv. O) variety n. H)possible adj.49. M) stop50. B) available,Instead, the company said Tuesday, its employees will ask parents whether they 51 such options as milk or sliced apples before assembling the meals. A)adapt v. I) prefer vt C)begin v. J) recommending v-ing E)criteria n. K) species n. F)items n. L) specify vt. G)nationwideadj./adv. O) variety n. H)possible adj.51. I) prefer,“Were asking the customers to 52 what they want,” said Craig Prusher, the chains vice president of government relations. Other participating chains, with a 53 of menu options, including Dennys, Chilis, Friendlys and Chevys.A)adapt v. H)possible adj. C)begin v. J) recommending v-ing E)criteria n. K) species n. F)items n. L) specify vt. G)nationwideadj./adv. O) variety n.52. L) specify53. O) variety,As part of the Kids Live Well campaign-expected to be announced 54 Wednesdayparticipating restaurants must promise to offer at least one childrens meal that has fewer than 600 calories(卡路里), no soft drinks and at least two 55 from the following food groups: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins or low-fat dairy. A)adapt v. G)nationwideadj./adv. C)begin v. H)possible adj. E)criteria n. J) recommending v-ing F)items n. K) species n.54. G) nationwide adv.55. F) items,Among other requirements, they must offer a side dish that meets similar 56, with fewer than 200 calories and less than 35%of its calories from sugar.A)adapt v. H)possible adj. C)begin v. J) recommending v-ing E)criteria n. K) species n. 56. E) criteria,真题实战演习,注意时间控制 （8分钟）,The flood of women into the job market boosted economic growth and changed U.S. society in many ways. Many in-home jobs that used to be done_47_ by women-ranging from family shopping to preparing meals to doing _48_ work-still need to be done by someone .Husbands and children now do some of these jobs, a _49_ that has changed the target market for many products. Or a working woman may face a crushing “poverty of time “ and look for help elsewhere , creating opportunities for producers of frozen meals, child care centers, dry cleaners, financial services, and the like. Although there is still a big wage _50_ between men and women, the income working women _51_ gives them new independence and buying power. For example, women now _52_ about half of all cars. Not long ago, many cars dealers _53_ women shoppers by ignoring them or suggesting that they come back with their husbands. Now car companies have realized that women are _54_ customers. Its interesting that some leading Japanese car dealers were the first to _55_ pay attention to women customers. In Japan, fewer women have jobs or buy cars - the Japanese society is still very much maleoriented. Perhaps it was the _56_ contrast with Japanese society that prompted American firms to pay more attention to women buyers.,adj,adj,adj,adv,adv,n,n,v,ved,v,n,v,n,adv,ved,ved,adj,adv,n,v,adj,adj,n,adv,n,adj,adj,答案：47.O 48.K 49.G 50.J 51.C 52.N 53.M 54.I 55.H 56.D,2022/12/10,30,四、平时复习备考要点,一、掌握正确的单词记忆方法学习单词要弄清楚其具体含义和使用语境。在语境中记忆单词，也就是通过阅读文章来记单词。阅读文章记忆单词时，要注意观察单词在具体语境下的具体含义以及能否用其他的词来替换该词。此外，还应该注意某一单词常和什么词搭配使用。二、复习巩固基本语法掌握好基本语法知识。把语法相关的内容，特别是有关词性及句子结构的内容好好地复习巩固一下。三、做适量的练习在复习备考的过程中，无论使用什么方法和技巧，都需要去实践和运用。只有经过练习，才能对这种题型有一定的认识，才能真正找到感觉。,Thank you！,