雅思小图表写作技巧课件.ppt
雅思写作小图表,设置小图标题的目的,考取雅思成绩出国的同学一般都是以留学为目的的。所以小图表题就是帮助学生掌握分析和描述图标的能力,才能够完成大学的作业。,图标类别(chartgraphdiagram),bar,pie,line,table,图表的出现方式,单个图形出现 (很少)同类多图出现不同类多图出现原则:有联系的图形放在一起描述,没有联系的图形分开来描述注意:描述同个事物不代表有联系,图表作文的变革,2006年前,作文题目会出现“write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below”2006年后,作文题目会出现“ summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant”总结:从要求可以看出图标从report改成了总结事实和对比事实,以前强调格式,现在强调寻找和总结主要信息和趋势的能力。,图表题的解题重点,1,提高分析图标的能力和速度。2,常用单词,词组,和句型的用法。3,减少语法错误。,图标题的写作步骤,1,理解题目2,浏览图标的文字信息(标题,标注,单位,注解,坐标轴代表的信息)3,浏览图标的数字信息4,开始写作,开始写作,当我们面对一堆数据无从下手的时候,一般来说,阅读数据可以遵循以下原则:时间,最高原则:1,如果出现一组时间,从时间最早的开始描述:比如1979-1999年,从1979开始描述。2,如果同一年代出现可以比较的数据,那么从最高值开始描述;比如1979年出现几国家的数据,那么从最高值开始描述。3, 如果没有出现年份,那么就关注最高值,从最高值开始描述(pie, bar),不全部描述原则不要描述所有的数据。注意描述最低的数据和最有特点的数值,而不是单个数据;在line图中,主要描述的是趋势而不是单个数据,但是数据必须提到,比如最大值和最小值;在其他三图标中,把近似的数据分类,一起描述。结束原则Line图中以最后出现的数值结束;其他三种图标以最低值结束描述。,分段,介绍段主体段总结段,介绍段,介绍段就是对接下来所描述的信息做一个介绍,可以参照作文的题目,但是千万不能照抄题目,我们改写题目的方法主要有四种:1,改变关键词的词性。2,改变关键词的位置。3,用同义词取代其中的某一些词。4,灵活加入图标的文字信息,Example :题目:The graphs below show the enrolments(注册,登记) of oversea and local students in Britains universities改写:The charts provide information about the overseas students and local students enrolled (注册,登记) in Britains universities from 1989 to 1999图标题介绍段万能模板:The lineschartsdiagrams(单复数自己看清) describeillustratedemonstrate summariseoutlineshowprovide the information aboutfrom.to.(加年份)namely.,.,and.(没年份只有类别的情况),主题段落,第一句话:描述图表总比较显著的趋势或者特征,其余句子按照之前提到的原则描述即可。趋势和特征可以是整体的趋势,最大值或者变化最大值。每一句话:每一句话必须有三个组成部分,分别是文字信息,数字信息和比较。文字信息(主导)数字信息(辅助),Example1 : The average US family had 4.5 people in 1915, 3.3 in 1967 and 2.6 in 2006.改后:Average family size in the US has been shrinking , from 3.3 people in 1967 to 2.6 people in 2006, compared with 4.5 people in 1915,Example2 : America had a property crime rate of 1250 in 100000 people, and China experienced a rate of 529 per 100000 inhabitants.改后:The property crime rate in China was relatively low, 529 per 100000 people, less than half the rate in America,总结段,图表作文中的总结段可写可不写,可视字数而定,但是我建议你们写,可以使文章看起来更加完整。写什么:总结下文中最主要的信息或者是最重要的趋势即可。,词汇与句型,主体段第一句话:1,It is clear from the图标的类型 that.2, According to the 图标的类型 that.3, As shown in the图标的类型 , 4, As can be seen from the 图标的类型 that5, It is apparent from the图标的类型 that,主题段第二句开头:“具体怎么说”To be more exact= more exactlyTo be more precise= more preciselyTo be more specific= more specifically,上升(verb): go up/rise/grow/increase/ascend急剧上升(verb):Jump/surge/shoot up/soar下降(verb):Decline/fall/drop/sink/dip/decrease/decend急剧下降(verb)Plummet/plunge,上升(n.)An increase/a rise/ a growth/ an upturn/ a surge/ an upsurge/ an upward trend下降(n.)A fall/ a decrease/ a decline/ a drop/ a downturn/ a downturn trend,表示急剧,幅度大的形容词:Sharp/dramatic/drastic/rapid/precipitous/ steep/marked/substantial/significant 副词加 ly表示缓慢,小幅度的形容词:Gradual/steady/gentle/slow/moderate/ slight 副词加 ly,表示波动(verb+n.):Fluctuate /a fluctuation表示稳定在某个水平面上:Stablize at./reach a plateau at/Remain/stay the same at./unchanged at./steady at./stable at./constant at,表示达到最高点:Peak at./reach the highest point at./reach the peak at.(peak可以做名词和动词)表示达到最低点:Bottom at./reach the lowest point at./reach the bottom at. .(bottom可以做名词和动词),表示经历了某种变化的动词:Experience/witness/see表示达到多少数量的动词或词组:Reach/arrive at/amount to/hit/register表示占.多少的动词:Account for/represent/constitute/make up/take up,表示对将来预测的词组:It is projected./it is predicted./it is forecast/it is expected.to表示分别的词汇:Respectively/namely大约:About/around/approximately/roughly,句型,表示上升,下降,不变,波动的句型1,There is a +(形容词)+(上升,下降波动的名词)+in+数据+时间2, 描述的对象+(上升,下降,波动,不变的动词)+ (副词)+数据+时间3,描述的对象+(see/witness/experience)+a (形容词)+(上升,下降波动的名词)+数据+时间表示顶点,底点的句型描述的对象+reach its peak/bottom/highest point/lowest point/plateau at.(peak/bottom at)+数据+时间,同一数据表示倍数:描述的对象+double/increase three times/decrease three times+时间There is a two-fold increase/decrease in the (描述的对象)+时间描述的对象+ in +年份 is only half/one-third of the year in+年份Increase to/by decrease to/by,不同数据间的倍数关系A is/are twice/ three times as many/much/big as BThere is/are twice/three times as many/much/big A as BA is/are one third that of B,20.as can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of. 如图所示,两条曲线描述了.的波动情况。 21.over the period from.to.the.remained stable. 在.至.期间,.基本不变。 22.in the year between.and./from to. 在.年到.期间.,23.in the 3 years spanning from 1995 through 1998. 1995年至1998三年里. 24.from then on/from this time onwards. 从那时起. 25.the number of.remained steady/stable from (month/year) to (month/year). .月(年)至.月(年).的数量基本不变。,26.the number went up sharply to.数字急剧上升至.27.the percentage of.stayed the same between.and. .至.期间.的比率维持不变。 28.the figures peaked at.in (month /year) .的数目在.月(年)达到顶点,为.29.the percentage remained steady at.比率维持在.,30.the percentage of.is slightly larger/smaller than that of. .的比例比.的比例略高(低31.there is not a great deal of difference between.and.与.的区别不大。 32.the graphs show a threefold increase in the number of.该图表表明.的数目增长了四倍。,33.decreased year by year while.increased steadily. .逐年减少,而.逐步上升。34.the situation reached a peak ( a high point at) of%. .的情况(局势)到达顶(高)点,为.百分点。35.the figures/situation bottomed out in.数字(情况)在.达到底部。,36.the figures reached the bottom/a low point/hit a trough.数字(情况)达到底部(低谷)。37.a is .times as much/many as b.a是b的.倍。38.a increased by.a增长了. 39.a increased to. a增长到.,40.high/low/great/small/ percentage. 比低高(低) 41.there is an upward trend in the number of. .数字呈上升趋势。 42.a considerable increase/decrease occurred from.to. .到.发生急剧上升。,43.from.to.the rate of decrease slow down. 从.到.,下降速率减慢。 44.from this year on,there was a gradual decline/ reduction in the.,reaching a figure of. 从这年起,.逐渐下降至. 45.be similar to. 与.相似,46.be the same as.与.相同47.there are a lot similarities/differences between.and.与.之间有许多相似(不同)之处48.a has something in common with b a于b有共同之处。,49.the difference between a and b lies in. a与b之间的差别在于. 50.(year) witnessed/saw a sharp rise in. .年.急剧上升。,图表作文需要注意的几个主要问题,In the 2002 survey, over 75% of people with annual incomes above 100000 consider leisure time very important.时态:图表作文大部分时间使用过去时态,因为出现的数据一般都是以往的统计数据,过去的情形和现在的情形完全有可能不一样,因此用过去时态比较恰当。,但是如果图表里没有出现任何以往的年度,或者没有显示这是过去的统计数据,那么用一般现在时比较理想。在少数情况下,图标作文会出现预期值,这个时候就要用将来时态;在使用将来时态的时候尽量避免用will,这样的词语气过分肯定,可以用其他的说法,像be likely to, be predicted/expected/projected/forecast to.,I believe that the graph showed a significant decline in the youth smoking rateThe economic development in the first half of the 1980s was fabulous.语言:雅思图表作文需要正式的书面语言,强调客观和准确,要注意减少第一人称的使用,减少非正式的说法。,The number of people in the UK dramatically increased in at least ten years.副词的位置:动词后面类似副词:dramatically, steadily, considerably, sharply, steeply, moderately, slightly,The weight of the service sector in GDP was dropped from 80 percent in 1980 to over 70 percent in 1990被动:在小作文中,表示上升和下降的单词一般都是不及物动词,没有被动态。,经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be,写在最后,谢谢大家荣幸这一路,与你同行ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The Way,演讲人:XXXXXX 时 间:XX年XX月XX日,