阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测课件.ppt
阅读理解技巧之猜测词意,If you come across the new words or phrases when reading,What will you do ?,What difficulty do you have in reading?,1.Ignore(忽略） them and continue reading,2.Look them up in the dictionary,3.Guess the meaning,How to guess the meanings of words or phrases in reading comprehension ？,Ways to Guess the Words,一. Definition (定义法),二. Context（上下文）,三. Word-formation（构词法）,四. Examples（例子）,五. Common sense（常识）,一、Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语从句/词组或同位语从句/词组来确定词义或利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ，is; was; that is; thats to say; namely ; 等等，,从后面的解释中，我们可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思,It will be very hard but very brittlethat is , it will break easily .,Sample I,The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。,Sample II,二. Context,对比关系 Contrast 同义、近义、反义关系 synonym, similarity, antonym因果关系 Cause and effect,能体现对比关系的词汇很多，主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead,on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast with等。标点符号分号有时也可表示对比。,1.对比关系,2. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious .,go on,1. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.,肮脏的, 邋遢的,有节制的, 节约的,Sample I,2.同义、近义、反义关系,同义词替换的表达方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索。一些常见的引出同义词的标志性词语有or, like, similar等。,反义词利用文章中所出现的、与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。信号词中有instead, but,not等,go on,2： American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.,文中be punctual的意思，可理解为“not come late”，即“准时，不迟到”。,1. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious.,显然，similarly 是个语境线索，它暗示loquacious意为love to talk。,Sample II,3.因果关系,信号词：如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result, so that, such that，therefore等表示前因后果,e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.,e.g. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.,弹性的,Sample III,徒劳的,With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET),unconditional:,无条件的,绝对的 adj.,condition,conditional,情况，条件 n.,有条件的 adj.,unconditional:,refix (前缀）,base word (词根）,suffix（后缀）,nonjudgmental:,没有判断力的,judge,judgment,judgmental,判断 v.,判断 n.,adj.,nonjudgmental:,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有:super- (超) mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向),三. Word-formation,根据构词法：派生（前缀、后缀）、合成等,superman (超人) nonnatural (非自然的) homeless (无家可归的)rebuild (重建) microwave (微波),informal(非正式的)mispronounce(发错音)nonsmoker(非烟民)eastwards (向东),Can you guess the following words?,1. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns 2. Dont listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense,A,B,维护, 保护, 捍卫,胡说, 废话,合成词,四、Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等 。,Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance , washing-machine, refrigerators and color televisions.,家用电器,e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.,家禽,Sample I,2: When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.,五. Common sense,波纹，细浪,1. In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large quantity of dowry.,嫁妆,Practice makes perfect,Practice练习,Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?-1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice.A 雪山 B 树枝 C 冰河 D 冰2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something , he wont give it up halfway. A weak B firm C kind D clever3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A 租用 B 借出 C 购买 D 参观,C,B,A,4. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic5. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A town B capital C countryside D house6. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet BFly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees,B,C,D,Question Form,1.The word “” refers to/ means/could best be replaced by _.2.The underlined word/sentence means _.3.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “”.,2. Instantly，we were busily preparing for the worst. The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded againMy older brother called his sheep-dog and began driving our small flock of sheep to higher ground above riverIf the river flooded，they should be safe there58The underlined word stock in the third paragraph refers to_. A. money owned by the family Bgoods for sale C. supplies for family use Dfarm animals,(06江西卷),D In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether; the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, form a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.,(08江西卷),70. According to paragraph 2, what has “taken the world by storm”?A. Intellectual property rights. B. The Internet.C. Free downloading.D. The large number of songs, films and books.,Thank You在别人的演说中思考，在自己的故事里成长Thinking In Other PeopleS Speeches，Growing Up In Your Own Story讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日,
