初中英语语法代词（新）课件.ppt

初中英语语法之,代词篇,代词的分类 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 指示代词 疑问代词,人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。,1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。 She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。,2. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 “第二人称，第三人称，第一人称” You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你我她都喜欢音乐。,She 的用法：she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等 We love our motherland, we hope shell be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。 The ship is leaving. Shes on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。,It的用法：1:it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等 What the weather like today? Its windy. 今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。 Its about five minutes walk from home to school. 从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。,2. it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人. who is the person over there? It is the headteacher.,3.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳 Its hard to reach the apples. 很难够到苹果。 Its good for you taking a walk after supper. 对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。,1. - Who is knocking at the door? - I dont know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who _ was. A. he B. she C. it 2. I cant find my hat . I dont know where I put _. A. one B. it C. that3. I cant find my hat . I think I must buy_. A. it B. one C. that,固定句型1. 做某事情对某人来说是 It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth. It is hard for me to do this work.2. 轮到某人做 Its ones turn to do sth. Its your turn to clean the room.3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 Its time (for sb.) to do sth.Its time for you to do the homework.4. 据说 Its said that Its said that your teacher leave our school.,5. 某人花费做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth.6. 自从以来，已经有（时间）了。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句(过去时)7. 某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是的 find sb. think feel,+ it + adj. to do,I found _ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. its B. it C. that2. It _ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took3. It is great fun _ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going,二.物主代词,my,our,your,your,his,her,its,their,mine,ours,yours,yours,his,hers,its,theirs,2.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。These books arent ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours)This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room = ours),2.“of +名词性物主代词”表示所属 A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 Tom is a friend of mine 我的一个朋友,1. She is a friend of _. A. my B. mine C. I2. This isnt my pen ,it is _. A. her B. his C. him3. Frank cant find _ dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him,4. _ school is much bigger than _. A. Our , their B. Ours , theirs C. Our , theirs5. The dog is so poor because _ leg is badly hurt . A. it B. its C. its,myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,themselves,herself,itself,反身代词,1. 反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快自学 请随便吃 自言自语 独自 为自己 不要客气 陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服 照顾自己,enjoy oneself teach / learn oneself sth. help oneself to sth. say to oneself by oneself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in dress oneself look after oneself,注意： oneself 有单复数之分 * I enjoy myself. * Children, help yourselves to some fish.,The man is rich , he can buy _ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself2. - What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? - I made it by _. A. me B. myself C. itself3. “Help _ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your,不定代词 不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 all, each, every, both, either, neither none, one, little, few, many, much other, another, some, any, no 由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词,几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中 There are some flowers in front of the house. any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句 Do you have any picture-books?,注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中 Would you like some meat? 你想要些肉吗？ May I ask some questions? 我可以问问题吗？ Could I have some apples? 我可以吃苹果吗？ Will you give me some water? 你能给我些水吗？,2. many/much many 修饰或指代复数名词 There are many eggs in the basket. Many of us like playing games. much 修饰或指代不可数名词 He doesnt know much English.,3.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 I dont want this coat. Please show me another. other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 Do you have any other questions?,4. the other/others/the others the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个 He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too.,others泛指其他的人或物 He often helps others. Some are playing basketball, others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物 There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys.,5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 few, little 表示否定意义, 译为“没有几个”，“没有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”，“有一点”,Although all the girls have tried their best , only _ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C. a little2. Dont worry .There is _ time left . A. little B. a little C. few3. You are so great! _ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few,6.every/each every单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用 Every child likes playing games. each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用 Each student was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.,each every, I gave them _ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of There is a line of trees on _ side of the street. Aevery Beach Cboth She goes shopping _ five days. A. every B. each C. each of 他隔天来这里。 He came here _ day.,every other,7.all/none all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前 We are all from Canada. They all like English. none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可） None of us is/are afraid of dogs.,none no one, How many people are there in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. Lucy Who is in the room? _. A. None B. No one C. one None of them _ China. A. come from B. is from C. is come from,8.both/either/neither both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数 My parents are both teachers. =Both of my parents are teachers. neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 Neither answer is right.,either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数 There are trees on either side of the street. = There are trees on both sides of the street.,有关词组及应用 both of/either of/neither of Both of them swim well. 他们俩都游得很好。 Either of you goes to Beijing. 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。, _ of the girls _ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows Both of his parents _ teachers. A. is B. are C. was Both of his brothers _ in this hospital, but neither of them _ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; are,either neither both,bothand（谓语动词用复数形式） eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则) Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。,either neither both, Either Tom or the twins _ the way to the shop. A. know B. knows C. finds Neither you nor I _ a scientist. A. is B. are C. am Both Tom and Mary _ hard. A. studies B. study C. studying,The students are all from Foshan . They _ like their city . A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily _ agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents ? They are _ fine. A. both B. all C. no,9.Something/anything/nothing Somebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置 I have something important to tell you. Is there anything else in the box? Nobody can answer the question.,1. Do you have _ to do this evening? A. important something B. anything important C. something important 2. _ is watching TV . Lets turn it off . A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody3. Would you like _? I can get it for you . A. something else B. anything else C. everything else,one it, The box is in the middle of the room. Move _ away. A. it B. one C. / I have lost my pen. I have to buy _. A. one B. it C. / How nice your bag is! I want to buy _. A. it B. one C. /,one 同类不同件it 同类同件,指示代词 表示空间和时间远近关系的代词 包括:this/that (单数) these/those (复数) 1. this,these指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物 This is my shirt, thats yours. These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan.,2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk. 3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that *He was ill yesterday. Im sorry to hear that.,四.指示代词, The population of Shanghai is larger than _ of Jinan. A. that B. this C. it The radios made in Beijing are as good as _ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those What I want to tell you is _the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that,疑问代词 用来构成特殊疑问句的代词 常见有：who whom whose what which 通常做主语宾语定语表语 What makes you think like that ? 做主语 Who (Whom) were you talking with? 做宾语,Which bus do I need? 做定语 Whats your father? 做表语注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用， 但在介词后只能用Whom With whom did he play games? With who did he play games?(错),(2008年广东省汕头市)一Is that _dog? No ._is whiteAhis；His Bher；Itis Che；His Dher；Her,中考考什么?,D,(重庆市2008年) We like Mr. Green because he often tells _ funny stories in class.A. we B. us C. our D. ours,B,(重庆市2008年) When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning? _ is OK. Im free these days.A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither,C,(2008年天津市) Is_here?No, John and Bob have asked for leave.A. nobodyB. anybodyC. somebodyD. everybody,D,例题解析,1 These are books. Yours are over there.A I B my C me D mine答案B.析这里应用形容词性物主代词。2 is she? She is a teacher.A What B How C Who D Where答案A.析这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。What is she?应译为“她的工作是什么?”或“她是做什么的?”而How is she?应译为“她身体如何?”而Who is she?应译为“她是谁?”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Where is she?应为“她在什么地方?”由答语决定了这道题的选择。3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped.A Something, working B Something, to workC Any thing, working D Anything, to work答案A.析因为是肯定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。,4 Mary, help to the bananas, please.A you B your C yourself D yourselves答案C.析help oneself to something为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。5 do you go to school every day? By bus.A How B Why C When D Where答案A.析这题的答案是由问句决定的。6 My skirt is popular than.A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers答案D.析因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only.A few B a few C little D a little答案D.析因会讲某种语言的多少要用a little,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。,例题解析,例题解析,8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of.A I B me C my D mine答案D.析这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。9 “ do you hear from your parents?”“About once a month.”A How long B How many C How often D How much答案C.析How often问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting.A everything B nothing C anything D something答案C.析在否定句中应用anything11 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her to eat.”“Good idea!”A anything nice B nice anything C something nice D nice something答案C.析肯定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。,例题解析,12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK.A Some B Neither C Either D Both答案C.析因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有I dont mind 则决定不能选择neither.13 This is not her kite,but.A hes B him C he D his答案D.析要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.A No B Many C Those D Two答案A.析这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。 15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has apples than he.A few B many C more D fewer答案C.析由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。,例题解析,16 There isnt in todays newspaper.A anything interesting B something interesting C nothing interestingD interesting anything答案A.析由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。17 September 10th is Day?A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers答案D.析教师节Teachers Day,儿童节 Childrens Day, 妇女节 Womens Day18 In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country? A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.答案C.析在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。19 Shall we go into that shop and have a look? Sorry. I wont. I have to do there.A everything B anything C something D nothing答案D.析这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。,例题解析,20 Oh, dear! Who broke the glass? Sam Bruce. It was the cat.A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or答案C.析neithernor意为既不也不21 The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.are climbing the hill.A Others B Other C Another D The other答案A.析这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。22 She is not a nurse. Im not.A also B either C neither D too答案B.析在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.23 I have two pencils. One is red, is blue.A the other B another C others D the others答案A.析两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而the others是特指复数代名词。,例题解析,29 Black is neither a teacher a worker.A or B either C nor D and答案C.析neithernor为“既不也不”的固定搭配。30 Our teacher gave uson studying. A many advices B some advicesC an advice D some advice答案D.析advice为不可数名词。some可用于可数或不可数名词之前。31 There are two foreign friends in the park. One is from Japan, is from America.A other B others C the other D the others答案C.析因为是两者中的一个，所以另一个应用单数特指代词。32 Are there on the table?A some cups B any cup C some cup D any cups答案D.析此句是疑问句，应用any cups, 因提问时的be动词用的是are。,例题解析,33 Ive just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp, are American stamps.A the other B the others C other D others答案B.析此空应填入主语。又因其范围已定，所以应选特指的代名词。the other只能用作单数，而others是泛指复数代名词，故只能选B。34 It was fine day that they went to the park.A a so B so a C such a D a such答案C.析在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法，即such+不定冠词+形容词+可数名词单数形式，如：such a good day，或者用so加形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数，如：so good a day.35 At that time the train was slow and noisy. Sopeople liked taking trains.A little B a little C few D a few答案C.析这是英文的表达法与中文不同之处。中文讲只有少数人喜欢坐火车，英文要选用“few”。36 We must help and understand each.A other B another C others D the other答案A.析each other意为“互相”，是习惯用语。,例题解析,37 is difficult to walk on the moon.A Man B One C That D It答案D.析这里的真正主语应为不定式to walk on the moon.而形式主语只能用it.38 Jane has sent several letters, but of them have been answered.A all B both C either D none答案D.析several letters意为“若干信件”，应看作多于两者，则在A、D中作选择，仅D符合句意。39 I dont know about the new headmaster.A something B everything C nothing D anything答案D.析否定句中应用anything.40 of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.A No B None C Not D Neither答案B.,41. Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 答案：D。析该提考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。在本题中，动词show的后面要跟双宾语，空白处缺少一个间接宾语，所以应选me。42. -Whats on TV tonight? Is there _ interesting? -Im afraid not. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything 答案：B。 析该提考查的是不定代词的用法。这是一个疑问句。在疑问句中，通常用anything。43. _ of them has his own opinion. A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each 答案：D。 析该题考查的是不定代词用法。因为谓语动词是单数形式，所以Both和Some都不对。Every 不能作主语，所以只有Each合适。44. -Where is my pen? -Oh, sorry. I have taken _ by mistake. A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers 答案：A。 析该题考查的是物主代词的用法。根据题干的背景，我们可以判断出错拿的钢笔应该是对方的，所以选yours。,例题解析,课时训练,用适当的代词填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, _ is a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; _ like ball games.3. Lets go and have a drink. Weve got _ time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but _ of us would like to have a rest.5. _ of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, dont touch the machines, or you may hurt _.7. It is said there is going to be _ important in the CCTV news.8. We couldnt buy anything because _ of the shops opened at that time.9. They didnt learn _ new in this lesson.10. -Why is _ easy for such a young girl to learn three foreign languages so well? -Because Britain, Germany and France are all very near _ country.,the other,others,a little,none,both,yourselves,something,none,anything,it,her,课时训练,用适当的疑问代词和关系代词填